QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY page 3/9
Professor Frank J. Tipler opened the scientific resurrection debate in the modern era.
QA discussion also involved Steven Wolfram's A New Kind of Science, using the forecasting ideas of new statistics, ideas from science fiction, with a focus called the Omega Point by Pierre Teilihard De Chardin a Jesuit priest, and Vernor Vinge's famous 1993 NASA paper predicting the coming of Superintelligence by 2030. QA is seen by some as the maturing of transhumanism into a theology.
There is increasing understanding that data is classifiable as dimension matrices from which fast readings may be obtained, giving startlingly accurate results in mass co-ordinations by cross- referencing.
This uses only fractions of the computing time and power that was used before. Artificial intelligence cuts hours, and penetrates complexity. For instance Argonne National Laboratory is solving problems in quantum chemistry using A.I. to short-cut calculation times and depth of work. "...in the past few years, powerful computing has become so ubiquitous that thousands of density-functional field theory calculations can be made within days" (instead of months or years) and now algorithms "can predict the properties and behaviors of 'zillions' of molecules. "(Royal Society of Chemistry 2011).
With the approaching era it will be cut to fractions of a second, returning the results even before you have finished typing the data in, as google presently does with language and plain maths.
Archaeological archives need computerizing to matrix a full time grid (Museum of London).
We can plot when classical computers will be powerful enough to permute every possible human history, then mathematically extract the correct one for any dead person, enabling robotic resurrection. That is currently estimated to be before 2045.
TOWARDS A NEW SCIENCE
As the quantum world opens up, we will have fantastic changes to manipulate and build machines that are invisible to the human eye.
Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China's terracotta army who guard him in the afterlife.
Coming armies are going to be robotic. Instead of fighting men they will fight the elements.
With its roots in classical measurement and calculation, the emerging science of quantum archaeology as a deterministic philosophy would have been applauded by Pythagorus:
"....something that once was possible could appear possible a second time only if the Pythagoreans were correct in thinking that with the same constellations of the celestial bodies the same phenomenon on the Earth also had to repeat itself, even in small single particulars, so that when the stars have a certain position relative to each other, a Stoic and an Epicurean will, in an eternal recurrence, unite and assassinate Caesar and, with another stellar position, Columbus will eternally rediscover America." Friedrich Nietzsche On the Use and Abuse of History for Life 1874
Quantum Archaeology, written in ignorance and independently of Russian cosmism, was inspired by the Russian born American Isaac Asimov in his Foundation trilogy where Hari Seldon predicts across thousands of years using psychohistory a concept of mathematical sociology using the law of mass action. It may have been drawn from Einstein (1905) who was influenced by Newton, both of whom extracted accurate results from approximation techniques.
"Hari Seldon, a fictional character, is the intellectual hero of Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series. In his capacity as mathematics professor at Streeling University on Trantor, he developed psychohistory, allowing him to predict the future in probabilistic terms. " wiki
The point is that we can calculate data about deceased people by herculean feats of probability and averaging. QA simply adds determinism to probability and makes statistics work hard, anticipating coming systems.
Probability is a different expression of data to strict causation and can give results with large data volumes. It is used with adroit success in the quantum world, where the causal laws have so far not been uncovered (I shall stake my view with einstein that that will be discoveered!).Mapping the visible heavens is on the same scale as mapping the human brain. We are in the process of doing doing both. Spacetime coordinate mapping is a growing science that can deal with realtime dynamic systems like on the 80 foot screen below that helps manage California's electric grid system:
California's ISO is a computer real time grid control system.
Asimov's idea was that imponderably large classes can be predicted aggregately. Anyone's death is like a mini Seldon Crisis. With coming computing likely to be much more powerful than at present, the size of an event will not be problematic.
"A Seldon Crisis is a fictional socio-historical phenomenon in Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series of science fiction novels. If successfully configured they eventually leave only one possible, inevitable, course of action.
They are named after Hari Seldon, who founded the field of psychohistory, and who appears as a pre-recorded hologram at the climax of each crisis"(wiki)
Asimov described psychohistory as prediction. Q.A. is about retrodiction.
Part of our work as theoreticians is to assist prediction and correction protocols for events like Singularities.
Psychohistory predicts the future but only aggregately on a mass scale. The larger the number of years the more accurate the predictions. In quantum archaeology, the larger the number of samples the greater the accuracy. Actually all science works like that but the borders and parameters are defined. They actually dont exist! They are all approximations and there is a blurring where one starts and other stops analyzable to nothing if you reduce enough as Zeno suggests in the Achilles and the tortoise and advanced by Lewis Carroll's analysis in What the Tortoise Said to Achilles
Some futurists on Kurzweilai.net argued psychohistory could be done in reverse because there are zillions of measurable variables in the present which all had to converge on the same historical point. Even if vast amounts of information is lost, tiny amounts that survive are enough to reconstruct the whole past.
The further back - the fewer the events. Your calculations reduce quickly as you plot back in time.
All events can be handled singly - using cause & effect - or as categories of other events (using probability). Further aggregation is only an issue of scale, and can describe minute events just as well as mass events, with coming measurement facilities.
Royal Microscopical Society
From the naked eye, to the invention of
Aristophanes' "lens", from 424 BC, a glass globe filled with water
magnifying glass 13th century (Roger Bacon)
spectacles (1284
the microscope (1590)
ultramicroscope (nobel prize 1925)
phase contrast microscope (1930)
electron microscope (1931)
field ion microscope (1951)
scanning tunnelling microscope('quantum microscope' 1981)
atomic force microscope (1986)
STED microscopy (1994)
AC-STEM (2012)
electron holograph (2012)
3D Microscope micron-scale spatial light modulator (SLM 2012)
Purdue Microscope (speculative) combines Atomic Force Microscope and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2013)***
STEHM (built 2013)
Neutron Microscope (under development)
Through-Focus Scanning Optical Microscopy (TSOM) < 11 nm achieved (2013)
The history of science has been the increasing mastery of observational scale measurement. This trend of diminishing scale will surely continue. It is likely we will be able to examine all of the brain in the future, and to levels that are subatomic if that is necessary. We are also speeding up the time taken to measure smaller Once we can measure and describe we will manipulate, since machines of that size will be immediately buildable.
Ophelia PRB
However we dont need to physically measure nor observe in order to predict and retrodict what must come and what has been. Mathematics enables accurate prediction from initial observations. Lines plotted by the laws of science can be drawn from starting points to create maps of how those systems used to look. Then they can be cross-checked doing equational proof.
If we know enough starting points and we knows all the laws that will operate, we can draw a complete diagram of worlds and events, past and future that are are probabilistically accurate. With computation we will crosscheck them each many trillions of times.
We can therefore make simulations that are as good as the real world. At Duke's university for instance an electron was simulated by a network of supercomputers in 2012 and split in half, allowing scientists to study the effects.
All events are limited and linked by laws, probabilistically or by cause & effect when the parameters of classes are apparent. A skill of the philosopher is to view multiple perspectives at once, and this helps in quantum archaeology, because you are moving from one scale of events to another, juggling them to establish check point grids in a history.
People's memories, seemingly lost and disintegrated, are no special set of laws but similar to any other set of events with space-time coordinates. They are constructed by the laws of physics and they disintegrate by the laws of physics. These may be reconfigurable with enough measurement and calculation: once we describe in detail any long dead person, it is possible to rebuild them.
A new definition of death is required, because death can be shown to be logically impossible as a final state: as long as mankind or any species with an interest in resurrecting mankind survives, history will be reconstructed by them given the vastness of our universe where every remote possibility always happens - however improbable. Although the chances are small of it happening by other beings, in an infinite universe it is 100% certain.
Why shouldn't the universe be infinite? Asserting it is as honest as asserting it is finite, because we dont know. However the greater our measurement of the large, the bigger the universe has been scaled up, and many a philosopher subscribes to the theory of infinite regress, where there is no limit to the smallness nor bigness of things.
WHAT IF WE CANT MANIPULATE THE ATOMIC WORLD?
We are already doing it! We'll achieve incredible mastery over smaller and smaller events that today seem like science fiction.
Its possible there is some limit to how small our techniques will be able to move things about. This would contradict the idea of infinite regress and we haven't found it yet, despite light affecting observation of the very small.Techniques are likely to be able to go smaller and smaller and even if there are temporary limits of size mathematics can still describe them both by aggregation and in detail.
Fields or particles, quantum events follow laws which means they are items in classes, and absolutely predictable.
Man's size is essentially from the amino acid to the body. Measurements above and below that are less important for envisaged reconstructions.
However mankind is almost certain to reconstruct his own world history in Bostrom simulations if we survive, and these will be as detailed as our measurement capacity allows.
We are already using mathematics much below the requirement for memory which is little smaller than ionic, and are rapidly acquiring skill in subatomic manipulation.
Quantum archaeology is a go, and psychohistory has become a real life study of the psychological motivations of historical events as retrodictions.
Hari Seldon by Tzibtak
Samplings, approximations, random variables, probability distributions, confidence intervals, correlations, cross checking, eliminations and time series all help configure exact positions and descriptions of brain and body particles from the past
A present day glossary of statistical terms runs into thousands, and in the future as machine systems invent and do the labor of the lifetimes of a million men in a second, may run into millions as computing systems discover and classify laws of mathematics.
Professor Henry Markram at the Human Brain Project who knows about the need to deal with large data sets, has pioneered 'predictive reverse engineering' on a general model of the mammalian cortical column "When you combine rules you find new rules." "If you follow biology very closely - modeling becomes easy." "From the macroscopic constraints you can specify microscopic detail." and generally, using a hierarchy matrix of rules the amount of computing power needed per operation shrinks proportionately.
Even with the most amazing techniques Markram is aware of the immediate future role of supercomputers:
"The future of supercomputers is in hybridization (multiple processor designs on one chip - generic, FPAs - ASICs -Quantum modules - hierarchical memory systems - in-memory databases - high off-process memory -super high-speed interconnects - automated memory management processors - on-chip/close chip graphic rendering - remote visualization) as well as bio-mimicry." (2009 -to me)
Coming hypercomputers including supercompters and quantum computers will be able to reconstruct a human being as easily as reconstructing a particular DNA is today.
Reconfiguring a specific human brain and body is far easier than doing the same for a non-biological reconstruction, because when you have programmed in the constraints, the parameters collapse. ibid. It is easier too because all men share common ancestries and there will be basic common structures from which to model.
Firing neurons:Project Bluebrain uses IBM Supercomputers.
Like the Human Brain Project, quantum archaeology will create model maps, used to make specific maps and grids, which are cross referenced at omic levels to pin point exact brain and body structures at different scales. If you know half the synapses of the brain, the other synapses position themselves on reconstruction. Biology has inbuilt homoeostasis and seeks to constantly revert to its safe patterns.
This is counter intuitive. The resurrection of a long deceased person about whom little or nothing is known seems impossible to carry out. Tricks like cross referencing that you can work out accurately as we are all related make it easier than it seems. The largesse of the reconstruction is similar for all people, and the further back in time you are aiming the easier it becomes because there are fewer events there, but many more starting points of known events in the present- all of which point back in time. However complex systems are, they are described by smaller sets or rules and lie in groups and subgroups, both in hierarchies- which are very stable systems in Nature- and matrices.
"...there exist models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relationships or "forces" between them." General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications 1968 Ludwig von Bertalanffy
The robot population is rising exponentially.
Every event in history is linked by chains of causation to every other event. Luckily for quantum archaeologists, each event has a myriad of other events linked to it, and once you have a few starting points you are able to deduce to any given event "with absolute precision."
This fact means that no event in the past can be buried, it will always be available to inquiry by calculations that can exactly describe it down to the smallest & largest detail our measuring science can go. And those limits are constantly broken, restrained only by our mathematics and calculating machines.
Inside the Neutrino Lab in the UK -small compared to KM3net being built under the Mediterranean to observe Neutrinos, Earth's 2nd largest structure.
Quantum Archaeology will be done by Man if our race survives. There is a thirst for accurate history and a romantic will to defeat death. The indignity of suffering and degeneration at the end of one's life is further horrified by the cold logic we are going to end. We are describable as biochemical factories, producing continuations of many patterns of atoms and molecules, all of which must be eventually manipulable and reconfigurable as space-time coordinates of history by coming computing. Man has a strong instinct that death is not the end. Now it seems death may not only not be final, but logically impossible in a vast universe where the improbable always happens, however slim the odds.
Why shouldn't we finally find the skills with our accelerating technology to manipulate through time and raise the dead? Is that really beyond Man's day dream?
(Click to enlarge) Hanging of John Brown. What happens next ?
Immortality-which resurrection implies- since if you die you will be reconstructed again-is going to demand a huge works of deep thought to deal with the shift in Man's psyche.
Conflicts thought buried in history and long settled are still alive. Empires buried under dusty old ruins are still alive, and we may have to chose between competing philosophies, loyalties and sympathies as supermen and monsters rise up from our ancestors. History will become more scientific and empirical than Gibbon's ever conceived it.
No doubt there will be factions, followers, disappointments and wonders as in any age. But Man is not resurrecting alone: he will have modern tools of intelligent machines to guide his amazing and recursive path. Where will and wisdom have conflicted wisdom has always won through eventually, and quantum archaeology is sure to be embraced as apart of human destiny.
Nature does immortality presently as reproduction, but without conscious memories being reproduced. Quantum Archaeology seeks to describe techniques for reconstructing memories as well as the original bodies. It sounds a monstrously difficult labour. It is simpler when you begin listing what needs to be reconfigured. People's brains are at least 90% identical therefore give a standard starting point for revival. Progressive information can be added until you are in a position to cross-check trillions of references at microscopic detail. At some stage you will have completely reassembled every point in a human being and cross checked it for every error.
The blurs of history will have detail built up around them by coming calculation systems.
The complexity of the brain stuns even modern workers, and would have amazed Fyodorov. Yet brains are not mystical entities but cells with genes yielding membranes with many of over 350 different types of voltage-sensitive ions carrying electricity. These are not random, but have been built from the genes in the fabric of each neuron. The neurons are individual, in 32 types, 2 classes and 16 different characters (Henry Markram, Human Brain Project). The personality of the individual neurons has come about by cause and effect, by growth and decay themselves absolutely subject to the laws of science. As such their histories cannot remain mysteries, but must give way to simulations when we have enough processing power to recreate them.
It is now known that memories are stored in specific neurons (MIT Nature 22 March 2012 :Susumu Tonegawa) and not evenly distributed as was thought. This may make their reconfiguration easier..
We calculate and describe human genomes at accelerating speeds.
We will construct different scales, groups, individuals, moleculars and atomics, and constantly cross check , building up matrix histories, reading off required data to assist further points to be carefully reconstructed. Once one ancestor is mapped out, local others will be mapped, and from those others, more remote ones still, using the contents of one brain's memory to draft others; at first by DNA and atomic approximations, but then also molecular patterns, group patterns and environment interaction patterns.
Scanning & mapping 100 millions neurons in a mouse brain in an hour
If this vast, it is only vast by today's standards. Coming technologies are going to be able to cope with it, at first laboriously, then effortlessly, and to the dead it wont mater when they are resurrected!
With the skill of a plastic surgeon, reconstructions of people long dead will be achieved in brains, and heavily relying on a myriad of techniques including probability and statistics, from calculations and constructed data bases from similar brains.By plotting the laws of biochemistry and micro physics, better and better approximations of the deceased will be achieved.
At some point in the future there will be enough accuracy available to faithfully reconfigure any person's brain who has ever lived at any point in its history. Then they will be rebuilt robotically. Upon revival, the person will have more memories than at their point of death, as well as being in amazing health. Notice this forecast means that people who died with brains that had decayed will be revived with fully functioning ones with superior memories.
THE RUSSIANS ARE COMING!
."..death is merely the result or manifestation of our infantilism, lack of independence and self-reliance, and of our incapacity for mutual support and the restoration of life." Fyodorov 19th century.
Who else but the Russians would have the romance to seize on this idea, and actually attempt it?
Although I hadn't heard of him when I began this paper, scientific resurrection had been thought of by Russian philosopher Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov in the 1800's and his works are being translated.
Fyodorov tried to plan specific actions for scientific research of the possibility of restoring life and making it infinite. His first project was connected with collecting and synthesizing decayed remains of the dead based on "knowledge and control over all atoms and molecules of the world". (wiki) It is surely a tremendous leap of thought for a Victorian working as a presumed eccentric in Moscow's leading lending library, who also predicted space flight. He was certain death must be conquered - for ourselves - but also insisted we had a duty to the dead to resurrect them.
Fyodorov wanted the world to unite and treat the anti-death project on the scale of war. Russian romanticism is a sublime genius and it is apt that Asimov and Fyodorov spearhead a serious drafting of technological resurrection or quantum archaeology, and it is even possible Asimov knew of him for despite his obtuse views, Fyodorov was embraced by Russia's elite circle in his lifetime, and wanted the Czar to lead his worldwide resurrection project.Despite there being a Cosmist movement behind him, the time was too early. The science and technology support structure was not yet in place. By Christmas 1903 when he died, so many important discoveries lay ahead, although the mathematics of Russell was well under way, the computer which used it to move hardware by machine code had halted at Babbage, after his funder had had enough.
Only by 1950 did the theme get going again and not until 2000 when the human genome had been discovered and sequenced and we dared conceive manipulating human existence, and munching sums of data so big that they are practically infinite, that this strange little Russian's work awoke some of the great pioneering transhumanists to discuss it.
Nikolai Fyodorov the Moscow librarian predicted rebirth. Leonid Pasternak
TIME SCANNING
Quantum Archaeology has also been discussed as Time Scanning:
"...someday it will be possible to acquire very detailed information from the past. Once time scanning is available, we will be able to resurrect people from the past by “copying them to the future” via mind uploading. Note: time scanning is not time travel, and it is free from the “paradoxes” of time travel. Time scanning is just a form of archaeology — uncovering the past by means of available evidence and records. Of course the very high definition form of time scanning proposed here is orders of magnitude more powerful and sophisticated than archeology as we know it, but the concept is the same." Giulio Prisco
PSYCHOHISTORY REVERSED
"In solving a problem of this sort, the grand thing is to be able to reason backward. That is a very useful accomplishment, and a very easy one, but people do not practice it much. In the everyday affairs of life it is more useful to reason forward, and so the other comes to be neglected. There are fifty who can reason synthetically for one who can reason analytically." Sherlock Holmes Study In Scarlett.
The basis of psychohistory is the idea that, while the actions of a particular individual could not be foreseen, the laws of statistics could be applied to large groups of people and used to predict the general flow of future events.
These Asimos from Honda are already running at 9kmh and plugging themselves in. They solve dexterous problems. 2012
Quantum Archaeology does it backwards, ie uses statistical methods to determine the past at quantum level detail, instead of the future. It is retrodictive rather than predictive
It is well written about under specialist headings as information theory, and the resurrections of the dead is one of the most bizarre applications of quantum forecasting and information retrieval using quantum mechanics. Ancestor states are the same for ancestors of groups of sub-atomic particles or for the memories in the brain and body of a long deceased person. The parameters of the tank development is dependent only upon what variables or fixed points you can measure from the present, deducing backwards to what must have been, like a joining up the dots in a child's puzzle.
Quantum Archaeology advances that it is possible to reconstruct the exact states of any event whose space-time coordinates can be established, and recreate it, given sufficient technical skill, enabling the resurrection of any person, when no physical part of them remains in the present. It is based on the view that the cosmos is subject to law, even at the quantum level, and any past points in space-time are therefore discoverable by enough calculation and cross referencing.
Asimov used the analogy of a gas. In a gas, the motion of a single molecule is very difficult to predict, but the mass action of the gas can be predicted to a high level of accuracy -known in physics as the Kinetic Theory.
Quantum archaeology is the opposite of psychohistory and is an attempt at ideating a method to prepare for the science of how those predictions are made, including methods like sampling (probability) and is in its infancy.
It assumes the cosmos is a determinist system and it further assumes since human complexity of the cosmos is increasing there will be vastly more useful data available in the present than the past, from which to construct adequate coordinates.
Although the application of quantum archaeological techniques to resurrection is novel, the techniques had been researched since the quantum theory formed from Einstein's monumental work in Relativity.
For a long time it seemed that the cosmos was lawless, but the Many Worlds Interpretation returns it to complete cause and effect. Quantum mechanics is a subset of Newtonian theory (F J Tipler 2011 Turing Church Workshop)
The Cosmos is like a moving pool table of particles
It is a determinist theory, holding that the cosmos is a sea of particles changing according to the laws of science and not randomly, which the discovery of the Higgs Boson confirmed.
Inner space is likely to have geometric patterns. It is also determined because it has laws. The notion it was non-deterministic has been successfully refuted by Many Worlds Theory.
Einstien was a determinist. He was sure the universe obeyed Laws.
Einstein, who thought himself a failure, in a pathos filled letter to Max Born
“(I believe) in complete law and order in a world which objectively exists, and which I, in a wildly speculative way, am trying to capture. I hope that someone will discover a more realistic way, or rather a more tangible basis than it has been my lot to find. Even the great initial success of the Quantum Theory does not make me believe in the fundamental dice-game, although I am well aware that our younger colleagues interpret this as a consequence of senility. No doubt the day will come when we will see whose instinctive attitude was the correct one.” (Sept 1944)
We know from Everett's theory that the universe is entirely governed by causal laws, even at the very small levels and once they have been grasped, it is immediately obvious that laws must permeate to the smallest thermodynamic levels, leaving traceable footsteps to any point in the past since the existence of any event has only come about by reaction. But Everett's meeting with Neils Bohr in Copenhagen in Spring 1959 went terribly; Bohr wouldn't allow him to discuss his Many Worlds Theory and Everett gave up physics. One cant know Bohr's objections but the theory is an assault on the uniqueness of a man (and on Bohr's work) and that it is probably true makes it less forgivable.
It seems incredible to the layman that a science could advance or retreat according to politics, but the professional scientist knows only too well one has to fight for a new theory, and that it wont be ignored once exposed. Darwin and Newton had refused to discuss their new science after barrages of attacks, and what is being called one of the most important theories of the 20th century (BBC 'Parallel Lives') is giving circulation to Everett's work which has led to the advent of quantum computers using parallel worlds to make calculations.
Nanomachines the size of blood cells (Germany). We're engineering at quite small levels right now. In a DARPA research lab I had to use a microscope to see complex machines they had made!
When quantum archaeology began to be discussed, there was a refusal to take it seriously, partly because it overturned the long-held paradigm that death was irreversible when nothing of the physical body was left. When scientists examined it there was surprisingly little hostility as it became clear it was correct quite quickly, and also that human death could not be a permanent state in terms of the scientific identity of any possible past human, which had to be describable in terms of data or else it was outside science. But Man has no special treatment in the universe: he is subject to the same winds and waters that the mountains are. He rises and falls by the same universal laws that govern the elements, and he can be remade like any archaeological artifact can be remade.
It became obvious looking at a data manipulation trajectory we would be able to do enough calculations soon to model the local environment, and that included any brain state of any person alive or deceased.
The only issue was then could a point of space time be plotted that gave enough historical coordinates to resurrect someone when nothing of them remained? That reduced to how much computing power would it take to effect a Bostrom Simulation of the local universe.
Information loss was a big issue before Quantum Archaeology. We should mitigate this because there are vastly more events in the present than in the past to back trace from.
That means one event in someone's memory in 1000 AD has zillions of pathways in the present that ALL lead back to it, so you can cross check with incredible accuracy, making it unlikely you would not be able to faithfully retrieve the actual person and his astounded group!
(Click to enlarge) Brains are predictable machines working by laws.
WHO IS GOING TO DO THIS?
Pioneers at first, probably wealthy visionaries, who will certainly get even wealthier if they can pull it off. Private funders have shaken up science and speeded crucial and important directives by their willingness to back the fantastic. Its important to realize that investors are vital in new sciences playing roles as useful as researchers, and that they offer different skill sets. Science will push quantum archaeology both by convergence and explosion and people who see the area as a valid one will simply begin studying it for interest (then get seized with the amazing idea of it!). What is speculative today becomes the norm tomorrow as many new fields have proven.
It is possible that resurrection may become a basic human right to be carried out by public private partnerships.
(Below) Pushing himself to his last ounce of effort, visionary funder Lord Carnarvon months before he co-opened Tutankhamen's tomb in 1922. He was dead within a year, fulfilling the Curse.
Transhumanist pioneer Peter Theil who financed facebook and Paypal!
Organisations, presently transhumanists, are working at theories worldwide. Lord Carnarvon (above) realized quickly that success in discovering and excavating a great tomb in the Valley of the Kings was going to depend on funding and set it in place before he died.
Quantum archaeology is surfacing in Russia under different names, and investors may be keen to assist there:
"One of the ideas of QA is "second step" DI (Digital Immortality) -
reconstruction of personality by indirect information - consciousness reconstruction by solving the reverse problem of brain simulations". Сергей Евфратов (Sergei Euphrates to me 2012)
MUCH COMPUTING POWER IS NEEDED?
We're probably looking at 10/\40 operations per second, as computers are currently constructed, though it is hard to see what inventions are coming many are likely to be more spectacular than the Internet as they build on innovative technology. The advent of post human general intelligence will change what we can do enormously and our forecasts may pale in comparison.
Astonishingly, calculations for the whole of human history have been done at Oxford by Professor Nick Bostrom in his famous paper: The Simulation Argument:
"(for) a realistic simulation of human history...we can use ~10^33 - 10^36 operations as a rough estimate. As we gain more experience with virtual reality, we will get a better grasp of the computational requirements (100 billion humans50 years/human30 million secs/year[10^14, 10^17] operations in each human brain per second [10^33, 10^36] operations."
Quantum man is trillions of space-time points that will be mapped by coming computers in historical simulations.Then rebuilt by tiny robots.
and also:
"a rough approximation of the computational power of a planetary-mass computer is 10^42 operations per second, and that assumes only already known nanotechnological designs, which are probably far from optimal. A single such a computer could simulate the entire mental history of humankind (call this an ancestor-simulation) by using less than one millionth of its processing power for one second." (ibid)
The the Russians above have noted, it is unlikely no trace of anyone who has ever lived could be deduced by powerful computers likely to be available by 2045. We can know roughly when they will arrive by trend graphs which plot the amazingly predictable increase in yearly processing power, and which has held true for decades. We also know what plans are under way to build the next factorial computing milestone for computers which is 2018 to achieve exaflop computing (10^18 floating operations per second). These time scales take no account of breakthroughs like quantum computers which are still not efficient, super recursive algorithms which are still undeveloped, and Strong Artificial Intelligence (SAI) which is pivotal. In the latter case the advent of post human intelligence would accelerate capabilities far beyond what we can predict. Sci-fi writer Greg Bear guesses they could metabolize the galaxy in a few weeks (Blood Music. 1983.).
SAI also called Artoficial General Intelligence (AGI) isa system that would be post-human in general problem solving, including thought, planning, description and an hundred other processes Man is good at. There is a chance it may be built, invalidating any prediction curve that has ever existed.
Neurons are being pain stakingly copied and simulated in supercomputers.
This chance is not so remote: Professor Ben Goertzel runs a yearly conference for Artificial General Intelligence experts attempting just this. Any one of them may achieve it, or it may come from one of the commercial or academic attempts who dont disclose their work like billionaire scientist David E Shaw who has fathered Anton a massive biochemical simulator supercomputer and made it freely usable by dozens of research bodies. Anton can presently do chemical processes 100 times faster than real life. At that rate it should be possible with enough scaling to run an entire person's DNA plotting it from birth to death at 100 years old, and studying and intervening in all the biochemical process that happen - including in the brain- over a year. He has pioneered and built millisecond scale simulation hardware. At some stage machines will be able to simulate sub-atomic particles, routinely pinpointing each of them for spacial study, changing variables, and describing bio-geographies presently too complex to attempt. "We're often trying to impute mechanism from what we see."(2011 David E Shaw).
TRAJECTORY
Biotechnology is about to burst into our world after decades on a gathering exponential acceleration of developments. After that in the 2020's robots will burst in. They will affect every level of life and become indistinguishable from humans. They have been creeping unnoticed into the first world as hoovers, typewriters, dishwashers and ketles in theior 2nd wave, after their first wave as the industrial revolution where factories were mechanised. The thrid wave will merge into truly intelligent machines between 2030-45 and is the last invention protocol man need ever make.
Providing we dont destroy ourselves with them, they should move our civilization to a Type 3 Kardashev Civilization within minutes or at the most, weeks of being launched. Nothing in out genetic history has prepared us for this and it is unthinkable and therefore dismissed as irrelevant: but advances in science are progressively counter intuitive and we could stretch to ponder and plan for them, perhaps by using geometrical drawings.
THE WORLD'S SUPERCOMPUTER RACE
China, India, Russia, Europe and other nations are involved in a supercomputer race. not just for intelligence concerns, but to further economic growth and protect from climate disasters. The speed of advance is gathering pace and we will hit the threshold at which machines outperform all human beings at multitasking by 2030.
Like something out of sci-fi: Oak Ridge supercomputer centre in the USA.
Whether we have a hard take off into super technology with strong artificial intelligence, or a gradual take off, scientists agree it is going to arrive. When it comes, many tasks will be instantly easier, chief among them, the huge number crunching tasks of quantum archaeology, where vast bulk data sets can be swiftly or instantly analyzed.
People long dead are going to be brought to life, and this can be done by State policy.
At first the resurrectees may not be faithful representations of the deceased, but before long they will be legally ready to be brought back to life with all their memories intact and computers used to instantly reconstruct and rehabilitate them. Even now we can sketch crude copies of the deceased and Hanson Robotics has evenmade life-like representations of some famous people.
We can and do assemble quite specific surface and general structure details of long dead people, with little information that has survived in the environment It is done by probability which underpins all science. Here is an example done in the first decade of the 21st century by common reconstruction techniques.
At some point the accuracy to the deceased is going to be so good it will be that person, and at that point - at the same time we are achieving conscious computers, permits to complete builds may become legally available.
To argue this is impossible, is to argue there are known limits to hypercomputing power which would affect resurrection, which is false. Present day peak performances will be passed tomorrow, and supercomputers such as those at CERN I have stood inside and watched being built - the size of castles - will follow trends of shrinkage, accelerating performance power, and be copied into mobile devices.
The complexity of your mobile would in your parent's lifetimes have covered a whole country had it been buildable. Miniturization isn't going to stop and conceptualists are already ideating machines inside the quantum world.
A corridor in a block: CERN supercomputing grid
Quantum archaeology will use statistical techniques to configure a near infinite assembly of points of reference for any dead person deduced from remote variables gatherable in the present world:
Reconstruction of the philosopher Copernicus from his skull.(Polish police).
Copernicus a father of determinism, publishing 'On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres' 1543 (English Translation) -, the starting point of modern astronomy and a start of the scientific revolution - was riddled with doubt about public reception to his discoveries. His work, coming after the Muslim astronomer Ibn al-Shatir (c. 1375) was controversial like Darwin's and Newton's (who both refused to discuss their breakthroughs because of public ridicule).
Writing to the Pope Coppernicus was near to giving up: "When I weighed these considerations, the scorn which I had reason to fear on account of the novelty and unconventionality of my opinion almost induced me to abandon the work which I had undertaken completely."
But unconventional opinions can be revolutionary.
Well researched and presented they can bring a light to guide Man's path (the motto of Oxford University) in an unbounded universe of horror and wonder as we struggle to live forever and throw off suffering. Knowledge is the great path to enlightenment for the scientist, in fact sceintist means 'he who deals in knowledge'.
Many people who have concluded the certainty of death while they are young will take much persuading that death cannot be a final state by logical deduction. The future is likely to hold fantastic sciences and technologies. Infinite regress suggests that we can reduce measurement skills indefinitely, way past the size that affect human ancestor memories and these may be executable on a home computing device within 30 years.
Manipulation of cells, proteins, DNAs, atoms and sub-atomics are coming within our technolgies.
In The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis Alan Turing described the way in which patterns 'bud' naturally out of homogeneous, uniform states. Freak waves or 'superwaves' are such buds. Mathematicians have advanced Turing's work, so that complexity can be shown to emerge from simple sometimes quite short programmes. If we can figure what these are, we will be nearer to comprehensive resurrection techniques.
Our archaeological skills are crude compared to what we expect them to become. Billionaire Professor Stephen Woolfram pushed even further than Turing, positing our entire universe may proceed from cellular automata and spends spare time looking for them on computer models. He also states there are enough pockets of computer reducibility and we can find better descriptions of how our cosmos must be ordered. He thinks we will be able to hold in our hands a little model with formula of the entire cosmos, in the same way a seed grows into a tree following fractal laws.
This tiny seed builds the biggest tree on earth, the giant sequoia..
It is because small programmes can produce large complex structures that we may be able to advance quantum archaeology into resurrecting our dead by figuring out starting positions for our programmes of ancient history. We will do prediction as well as retrodiction and converge on a human being in historyt. We already analyze living men into base four DNA, and because they are subsets of them, memories are less complicated and always co-evolve with the environment.
Dealing with multiple perspectives is what coming machines will be good at.
At first resurrection descriptions may be insufficient to get legal medical approval, but once a family or company can meet resurrection criteria to Nth amounts, they will be given the go ahead to recreate past people who will resume their colorful lives - but with extra facilities.
Upon resurrection, if you dont feel quite yourself you will be able to go to quantum archaeologists and have yourself 'corrected'. Some experts will be better than others and no doubt charge more, as dentists do today!
Founder of Cryonics, the suspended Robert Ettinger had wrestled alone with such ideas and broke new ground.
( Feb 2008 to me: "I suspect--although I don't know--that there is a Law of Conservation of information, so that in principle no information is ever lost and is in principle capable of recovery").
It is important quantum archaeologists and cryonicists work together, and indeed they are often the same people.
Quantum archaeologists aren't going to stop at resurrecting the dead. We are trying to recover everything from Man's past, and are preparing to go to the quantum level to it!
Full simulations of the quantum past will be attempted and probably achieved at or before singularity technology arrives (expected in 2045 on growth trends). Huge amounts of money is being pumped into amazing projects to measure then manipulate our environment to the tiniest levels.
The great European Underwater Neutrino Observatory is being assembled under the Mediterranean Sea is the 2nd largest man-made structure after the Great Wall of China. The success of quantum archaeology is proportional to our measurement and manipulation technology skills which improve on known trends.
(Click to enlarge) KM3NeT, the new deep-sea research infrastructure miles under the Mediterranean will detect cosmic-earth neutrinos as we learn detection then manipulation of atomic physics.It will be Man's 2nd largest Earth structure.
(Click to enlarge) Km3Net being constructed in 2012 miles under the sea to capture quantum particles as a neutrino cosmological earth telescope.
*** Charilaos Mousoulis et al., Atomic force microscopy-coupled microcoils for cellular-scale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Applied Physics Letters, 2013, DOI: 10.1063/1.4801318
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Quantum Archaeology 4/9
"Much that once was is lost for none now live who remember it."
Lord of the Rings
Excavations of Pompeii where Mount Vesuvius erupted and ashed the town in 79C.E.
THE WILL TO RESURRECT
Does Man have the organic will to resurrect?
Is recursion inevitable for human and all life?
Resurrection tales are everywhere in rites, prayers, fantasies, art, literature and legends. Many civilizations like the Egyptian evoke resurrection. No civilization is without such myths, and this, perhaps epigenetic biological desire is arguably a living force:- an action sufficient of itself to drive a species incantation 'Let the dead arise!' Resurrection may be an emergent property of intelligence, which once genetically evoked cannot be kept in the tomb!
We are capturing information once lost about things long forgotten.
Quantum archaeology is attempting the theory preceding the science about how to reconfigure dead information, by tracing cause and effect timelines before the moment of death for any person who has ever lived.
Ettinger's brilliant solution was to capture as much of a clinically dead person as possible in a cryonic suspension. That logic is still good and it makes sense to freeze yourself on clinical death if it is within your means
He anticipated that future techniques would allow revival and rejuvenation, and that as much information as possible should be stored, beginning with the brain. This wise and early philosophy began the transhumanist movement. Frank Tipler's best seller, The Physics of Immortality is a tribute to Ettinger's The Prospect of Immortality.
Artificial Intelligence starting and stopping has finally gone commercial with SiRi and will be driven by profits to improve.
Technology is getting smarter exponentially and machines are likely to be interacting with us as equals in the 2020's and using us as we use washing machines and mobiles after 2045.
We must upgrade ourselves faster than artificially intelligent machines or become slaves to them.
Human like robots are improving at dramatic rates. Many of the skills they have surpass humans. They are not limited to 5 senses, and their speeds of reaction will become too fast for the human eye to see..Publically available data from the military includes the Petman series:
Boston Dynamic Petman
To the consummate determinist, the dynamic cosmos is as viable run backwards as forwards! It is fashionable to view the cosmos as a computer program - though as Roddey Brooks head of A.I. at M.I.T pointed out to us during AI@50...this too is fashion: before computers the cosmos was thought to be clockwork.
The principle in the meso world is immutable causation, and in this sense there can be said to be a Law of Conservation of Information that nothing is ever lost, since running a sufficient simulation backwards must logically make all events in the cosmos reconfigurable.
A local piece of the world's largest (2011)moving model of our universe is the Korean New Horizons Simulator using 370 billion variables. In 40 years time the number may rise to infinities. * passed in 2012
The lawyer and the historian trade in being able to reconstruct data from the past - data assumed lost - by cross examination, the study of surviving objects, memories, plied with masses of deduction. Then judgements are made according to what is most probable. The archaeologist is no less theatrical, including the imaginative excavator of Troy.
Flinders Petrie, who lived in my village, luckily set it as the most meticulous and precise of disciplines, side stepping Schliemann, and it is the honest, painstaking path archaeologists follow today. Finds, mapping, calculation by logic, preserving recording, and where possible restoring.
Quantum Archaeologists will do more logic than is perhaps imaginable using coming super systems, because computers are logic machines running at incredible and accelerating speeds.
Ray Kurzweil and others have discovered formulaic graphs which are consistent, showing technology increases by predictable lines (The Singularity Is Near 2005).
http://images.techhive.com/images/article/2013/04/transistor-counts-100032505-orig.png
(click to enlarge) Far from from being guess work, the advance of supercomputing is quite predictable and follows a straight line
Quantum Archaeology is convergent combinations of cause and effect and probability systems of retrodiction. In simple English QA is about working out past events using averages and plotting in straight lines into the past.
"Archeometry or Scientific Archaeology is collaboration of sciences between archaeology, physics, chemistry, biology, biochemistry, earth sciences, material science, mathematics, statistics and computing." (wiki). This is the forerunner of Quantum Archaeology where we are focused on describing enough detail to raise the dead.
Resurrection is an inevitable aim of mankind if we survive extinction.
Frank J. Tipler immediately supported the idea and his letter was published on Kurzweilai, although he saw raising the dead as three dimensional resurrectees as unnecessary because a computer simulation will be the same thing as our reality:
(to me 2002) “You are indeed correct that this is possible because the current universe has limited complexity....the complexity of the visible universe today is bounded above by 10^{123} bits of information. It is indeed correct that the 2nd law of thermodynamics applies to the universe as a whole. In fact, the Second Law is essential in the proof that the laws of physics REQUIRE the computer capacity of the universe to increase without limit.”
Jülich Supercomputers in Germany can do vast calculations which will get vaster.
The idea that Man might be able to reconstruct his deceased ancestors has been exploded into the world of philosophy and it is up to scientists and technologists to come up with the solutions.
Death and its entry pains are so horrific to the observer that a form of complex but solace denial has become useful for group bonding (an evolutionary use of suffering), from the last rites administered to the dying, to funeral ceremonies and carved and kept masonic graveyards performed and built only by and for the living.
WILL PAST CRIMES BE DETECTED?
Not only past crimes, but past thoughts - all of them will be laid bare for everyone to see! That must be the case if we plot a detailed enough quantum archaeology grid.
In Europe, which is leading the world in jurisprudence, punishment as a policy is fading in law, in favor of asking the questions, what caused the problem and how is it best fixed?
A society where any object can be recreated and duplicated, and any person can be raised from the dead, makes arguments of theft and murder obsolete. No person would act against society if they knew society acted in their interests.
Seeing a chain of causation where repeated psychological injury makes a mind rebellious could be easily corrected by actual physical rehabilitation, with the criminal's (now the the patient's) consent.
The doctrine of culpability was good for the old European empires but is being abandoned in the modern world. People are questioning whether a State should ever be involved in revenge or vengeance or executions when the causes of crime and restoration are becoming possible.
In fact no-one has ever been murdered, no property has ever been stolen nor damaged, and no-one has erred irretrievably as Quantum Archaeology comes. The murdered will simply be resurrected; the stolen item returned and duplicated, the damaged repaired as good as new.
Much science is used in planning for the future: a company that aims to produce something in five years without working out how the world will have changed then may find that its product is obsolete on launch, and no-one wants it.
There are many instances of a fast change: the cd made records obsolete quickly, and the motorcar made the buggy obsolete.
We are entering a stage where the mathematical description of anything past or present, that is or once was, can be configured. Then it can be rebuilt using coming quantum robots.
THE COMING OF THE QUANTUM ROBOTS
A robot is a machine that has specified degrees of freedom and a range of tasks it can perform in an environment. It doesn't matter how many dimensions it exists in... an on screen robot only exists in three..height, width and movement i time. The environments are many, and may have many dimensions in future!
Quantum robots were conceptualized by Paul Benioff in 1982.
The idea that we could build and send quantum robots into the quantum world, carrying quantum computers on their backs, may seem science fiction, but the forerunners to such robots are already here as nano machines, which will eventually build them. These nanorobots have already entered the human cell and quantum computers already exist.
The quantum world is anything smaller than the atom and extending to the planck scale.
Robots that build smaller robots which build smaller robots to do the work are a reality, and wait for sufficient artificial intelligence, which alone will change the galaxy and beyond.
THE NEED FOR A RESURRECTION THEORY IN SCIENCE
There is a need for a modern resurrection theory, and it better come from within science or it will be flung contemptuously aside by technologists, who tolerate futurists because they are so ruthlessly good at predicting technology, many of us are rich able to command vast resources, and our futurism is based on demonstrably correct trend graphs like Moore's Law and The Law of Accelerating Returns.
As a talented student pf the famous John Wheeler, it seems to me Tipler is correct in many of his assertions and his science should be studied. His prediction that the cosmos is made of knowable laws and therefore manipulable with enough computing power looks irrefutable.The human body has a relevant scale for resurrection from the ion which is a negatively charged atom, to a group of people in an environment which no computer can accommodate yet. De Chardin's observation that a biological organism emerges at 10 billion cells and cooperation accelerates as it approaches that, seems to be happening as world population passes 7 billion. We are already engaging physics to the planck scale which is lengths to Planck length 1.616252×10−35 meters, your body includes scales of 10^3 - 10^-6 metres.
To argue the observable cosmos (thought by M Theory to be a bubble on an infinite membrane in a larger organization) is never going to come under the command of future science, is to attribute mystical properties to it. Our history shows growing mastery of the environment by evolution and tool making. Is there a limit to computational power with coming artificially intelligent machines? People have a right to any belief, but the evidence is that machines are doubling in complexity on provable trends, quantum mechanics makes even better predictions and retrodictions than classical physics in unobserved states, and man is getting mastery of his destiny, his biological body and his environment. He may well master cosmic forces.
But there is confusion about the quantum world, with many holding the view that it is not governed by laws because we cannot measure velocity and position and the observer affects experiments, and also because we can only make probabilistic predictions. as we build and send quantum robots into the world of the very small exciting new laws are sure to be discovered, and these will give us increased manipulation possibilities.
Archaeologists used plaster casting on the Pompeii citizens.
Time is a measure of relative position and is best called space-time. No past event is veiled from future forensics: unsolved deaths thousands of years ago are being revealed as murders by new techniques. In the future our very thoughts from the dawn of the world may be posted on to the Interplanetary Internet.
(Click to enlarge) Letter from Everett to De Witt about parallel worlds).
Everything that exists operates from laws, but they are so compounded by evolution in some systems, the system itself believes it is initiating them, rather than absolutely following them. The venus fly trap is no different from the bi-metal strip that bends in the heat. And the venus flytrap is a meat eating, part-moving plant related to Man.
Which is these is conscious?
The Venus Fly trap is as conscious as the bi-metal strip below.
Triggered by external stimuli...a hair trigger touched by an insect, or else heat forcing one metal side to expand faster than another and making the bi-metal strip bend....both systems are either conscious or causal or both, depending on your perspective. And so it is for men.
The brass and iron expand at different rates in heat , forcing the strip to bend and move the arrow.
Our bodies are made of millions such evolved tricks and size has nothing to do with it, as miniaturization demonstrates.
A consciousness or intelligence is a reflection of its environment, as the late philosopher Alan Watts noted, but transferring someone to a different time zone, perhaps a million years in the future, would not kill their consciousness, and once emerged can operate in a variety of environments, subject only to their physical survival. This theme has been well worked out in sci-fi.
PHILOSOPHICAL CHANGES IN THE HUMAN PSYCHE
People using a Quantum Archaeology Grid. (there are likely to be competing ones you can buy) are going to be able to witness your every movement and your every thought. That must follow from the axioms of quantum archaeology.
When that is generally realized, it may act to make people law abiding in thought and action - at least until post-human intelligence arrives.
It is likely in my view that were quantum archaeology to be accepted crime would necessarily fall, as people realized they could never conceal a crime however ingenious they were.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The Scientific method cant just be thrown away when examining parts of philosophy and it is easily memorized:
There are many parts to the Scientific Method which helps preventing blunders and delusions in our calculations. Occam's razor is incredibly important and demands we reduce to simplicity for accuracy.
The simplest explanation that fits all the facts must be the one that's accepted.
William of Ockham
Determinism seems an assault on the Man's uniqueness by seeming to eliminate free will, but this may be an error of dichotomy and the compatibility argument covers both views amicably. There are multi-perspectives and mankind but scratches the surface of what things are (Joe Davis @ MIT to me 2005).
According to Sir Roger Penrose the large and the small obey different laws so there couldn't be two of him.
Many-worlds interpretation Before the universal wavelength collapses from its superposition of parallel worlds, Penrose explained on how many worlds there are in the superposition: "There are an infinite number of infinities" (Gresham Lecture -to me 2004, citing Cantor). Almost all scientists in the field believe there are infinite parallel worlds, but Copenhagenists think they collapse & resolve into one world before each quantum event, rather than decohere from already existing states, splitting into parallel worlds. What matters is that parallel worlds are being used to build quantum machines and quantum computers.
This cup of philosophy looks very difficult because it is counter-intuitive (it has been said science generally is becoming counter-intuitive), and although the maths works out beautifully there are few experiments which support it, and why those experiments work is open to interpretation.
The Many Worlds theory works for the large and the small as one system, showing that everything can be analyzed as Cause and Effect, particles, waves or what physicists are now calling in the canteen, 'wavicles'. Its mathematics is elegant. Its rationale watertight. Whichever view is correct, most experts think there are many worlds.
In one world you are an athlete in another a pauper: 'yous' are separated by a single event of difference. It is utterly against our experience Our ego's reject it as impossible. It could well be wrong, but to Quantum Archaeology it doesn't matter. laws rule, and we will find them and use them. We will advance in reconstructions as new techniques are discovered pragmatically but necessarily using whatever works.
We can do quite a lot now. These NASA avatars can work on the moon from 2012, controlled by scientists on earth.
Frank Tiper thinks the cosmos is a closed system. Stephen Hawking that it is finite but unbounded. Joe Davis, artist in residence at MIT & Harvard that it is unknowable. Thales that it is made of Water. Dr David James a researcher at GlaxoWelcome that it is made of light. So far as Quantum Archaeology is concerned it doesn't matter, we will operate in the human level of existence and on the human scale of size from atoms in cells, to resurrect people in groups in defined environments, empowering them by introducing technology in a way that doesn't obliterate their identity not threaten anyone else.
It is sometimes a struggle to accept people are sets of events like grains of sand or rivers or mountains, - that you are sets of events - and draw up charts accordingly.
Statistically, QA conjectures we have enough points in the present to describe an archaeological matrix of any past event on the earth - probably back billions of years, and this includes any human being who has ever lived. This remains to be seen and QA is a pre-research area at present.
Like classical archaeology which is able to reconstruct objects from ancient times using surviving fragments, plus knowledge about similar objects, and probabilities, quantum archaeology will enable this by back-tracing using laws of cause and effect and probability with emerging mathematics and methods in vastly more sophisticated systems than we have today.
In an inflating universe there are always more present variables in the cosmos than there were in history, allowing enough information to be gathered to reconstruct any historical event down to the quantum particle.
To retrodict one specific event in history you could use several small sets of many billions of possible sets of data, and it is improbable enough relevant sets would not exist in the present for a complete and accurate resurrection.
before- as found in a bog:
After facial reconstruction: Of high status, Lindow Man was strangled in about 100CE a ceremony used by Roman occupiers on enemy leaders. We can faithfully recreate what he looked like but quantum archaeologists hope by 2030-45 we'll be able be able to bring him and his group back to life (Cheshire UK Before/after).
THE SKILL OF ESTIMATIONS
Estimation probability can become a very useful science because of cross-referencing. Probability estimation is magic to the quantum archaeologist! From very general figures amid loads of data, exact events may be mapped with great confidence. eg In year 1 there may be 100 events. But from it evolves by cause and effect a trillion events in the year 100. It follows that there are on average 100,000,000,000 events in year 100 from which to plot back to configure each event in year 1.
Those are good odds, and information for quantum resurrection is unlikely to be lost because of them. Many lines of them would probably give any one event exactly by retrodicting from known laws of science. Quantum archaeologists believe that since the universe is becoming increasing complex any group of variables should plot backwards to a time when there are fewer events.
Pioneer Archaeologist ('peer polity' inter alia) Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, who's approach was to try and understand how things worked.
Atomic measurement of dead people is the start of quantum archaeology.
That is the question! By observation and calculation certainly. The more observered the less is calculated. The more is calculated the less you need to observe. With enough powerful calculation you need almost no observation no surviving facts in the present. Almost everything can be done by equations and statistics. Almost everything can be reconstructed by mathematics deduction cross referencing timeline check points and probability.
Artist's reconstruction of Lucy (Australopithecus)
We can describe whole classes of hominids and with computing power of perhaps 10^42 operations per second (we have planned to build 10^18 ops in 2018) we would have enough processing power to reconstruct specific individuals in those classes, which means anyone in history.
In 2010 the University of Copenhagen reconstructed the entire nuclear genome of an extinct human being describing him to a high degree (Nature 463, 757-762 (11 February 2010) . This will be increasingly applied to reconstruct other events such as previously living human beings from mere fragmentary data, and where no specific data exists it will be deduced by massive and progressively accurate calculations. Eventually quantum archaeologist will be good enough to resurrect the ancient dead as far back as requested. probabilities will combine with sampling to such an accurate degree no one would challenge that it is faithful.
We will use hypercomuting...coming computers together with archaeology mathematics, especially statistics.
There are many ways to describe a deceased person to the Nth degree, for example using DNA from 5000 years ago which we have, all possible permutes to the present could be synthesized. Added to this we could factor in all possible environments. Once those are done, we could start eliminating the timelines that are known form historical and other data to be impossible.
So many eliminations will take place that the complete mind set for a specific person should be achievable. This seems an enormous amount of work taking thousands of man-years, but for coming computers it will may be done in seconds, with better accuracy than we may dare imagine.
Josep Burcet wrote in 2005 about a 'retrieval hypothesis' for recovering enough information about deceased people to effect a resurrection, citing Ervin Laszlo's 'Creative Cosmos' (below) where information is held indefinitely in the Quantum Vacuum until a fundamental change occurs in the cosmos, and the issue is how to extract it.
The idea behind time travel is that information about people exists but is back in time.
Everett's Many Worlds Theory implies that many future worlds will have only a few common ancestors. Moreover, as time advances, the number of events in the cosmos multiplies allowing checking of back tracing from different variables to common roots. Therefore enough variables will exist at any future time to resurrect any past event in infinite or near infinite worlds.
(click to enlarge) History is a timeline of events whose descendants exist in the present. Many attempts are being made to accurately trace them back into the past. Eventually everything will be mapped out even smaller than particles in the human brain.
If present trends that have held since the dawn of computing hold, then we will achieve manipulation of each atom of all human beings who have ever lived before 2045.
We are slowly reconfiguring space-time events in increasing detail and a thought is no different from a battle. It is merely a matter of scale- which is something computers are good at brushing aside.
We will not create alien beings out of fiction, but of our own ancestors; many of us will be their descendants and have direct kinship with them.
SIMULATED OR REAL RESURRECTION?
"Any illusion indistinguishable from reality IS reality."
Maxim of Witchcraft
A debate surfaces about the validity of a simulation in a machine, though few in science doubt such simulations will eventually be possible:
"Humans are interested in the past. Archaeologists scrutinize fragments of pottery and other broken artefacts, painstakingly piecing them together and attempting to reconstruct the cultures to which such objects belonged. Evolutionary biologists rely on fossil records and gene sequencing technologies to try and retrace the complex paths of natural selection. If the freely-compounding robot intelligences ultimately restructure space into an expanding bubble of cyberspace consuming all in its path, and if the post-biological entities inherit a curiosity for their past from the animals that helped create them, the 10^86 bits available would provide a powerful tool for post-human historians. They would have the computational power to run highly-detailed simulations of past histories- so detailed that the simulated people in those simulated histories think their reality is (real)." Extropia. Kurzweilai
There is no step difference between repairing someone manually or robotically; no step difference between using artificial materials inside a person to repair them - pacemakers, hips and internal microchips are increasingly used. At some stage each part of a human being will be adequately made by artificial parts, and after that since those constructed parts can be upgraded, the whole person can be artificial, with no obvious reason to ever die.
Once we have sufficient skill to do this, possibly in the 2020's based on biotechnology robotics and computing trends, it should be possible to load a complete person dynamic details into a computer. Once we have enough of them and also mapped out the environment and logged every historical event we can find (Watson of Jeopardy fame has already memorized wikipedia and many other data sources) it looks like it will be possible to generate a quantum archaeological grid of specifically detailed history reaching back many thousands of years, and yielding exact descriptions of anyone's detailed brains whop has ever lived.
The limits are the size of computers, and it is possible to accurately guess when they will be powerful enough to be adequate because their capacity growth follows trends like Moore's Law.
Vernor Vinge's prediction at NASA in 1993 that by 2030 technology will have sped so much what happens in the next second will be impossible to predict has many supporters, and if true quantum archaeology will be possible by then.
We live in the age of information. But we are moving into the age of biotechnology, followed by the age of robotics and after that, which is as far as anyone can see, the age of intelligent systems. There is no known limit to intelligence and its increase may be similar to transcendental numbers which keep calculating and never repeat themselves. If true intelligence in our cosmos at least may have to be regarded as a fundamental force of nature, and the way it interacts with other forces factored into prediction calculations.
AFTER THE MAP, THE REBUILDING
Once a quantum archaeology grid has been built and an individual's details extracted, microrobots can build them (or any other technical devices that have emerge from science).
If you produce a recipe or a map of a complete event, like a human being and all their memories at the instant of their death, it should be possible with technologies of the future to resurrect them. You could make lots of them.
Some find difficulty with problems of identity and some philosophers spend their careers pondering it.
Substrate independence- the idea each small piece of a human can be replaced without affecting the nature of a person has often been discussed in philosophy as the Ship of Theseus.
As each part of Theseus' ship is replaced is it the same ship?
Leibnitz' Identity of indiscernibles explains this in more detail and involves the idea that identical particles eg one atom of oxygen are interchangable. Robert Ettinger has dealt with identity in Chapter 8 of the Prospect of Immortality, which although drafted to deal with cryonics, is also relevant for quantum archaeology:-
"Striding eagerly into the new world, (the revived) feels like a new man. Is he?
Who is this resuscitee? For that matter, who am I and who are you?
Although most resuscitees will not represent such extreme cases-we hope most of us will be frozen by non damaging methods-nevertheless we cannot sidestep the issue. We are now face to face with one of the principal unsolved problems of philosophy and/or biology, which now becomes one of prime importance in an exceedingly practical way, namely that concerning the nature of "self."
What characterizes an individual? What is the soul, or essence, or ego? This seemingly abstruse question will shortly be seen to have ramifications in almost every area of practical affairs; it will be the subject of countless newspaper editorials and Congressional investigations, and will reach the Supreme Court of the United States.
We can bring the problem into better focus by putting it in the form of two questions. First, how can we distinguish one man from another? Second, how can we distinguish life from death?
Later I shall offer some tentative partial answers. First we can illuminate the question, and perceive some of its difficulties and subtleties, by considering a series of experiments. Some of these experiments are imaginary, but perhaps not impossible in principle, while others have actually been performed.
Experiment 1. We allow a man to grow older
Legally, he retains his identity; and also subjectively, and also in the minds of his acquaintances (usually). Yet most of the material of his body is replaced and changed; his memories change, and some are lost; his outlook and personality change.
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It is even possible that an old acquaintance, seeing him again after many years, might refuse to believe he is the same person. On first considering this experiment, we are apt to feel slightly disturbed, but to retain a vague conviction that "basically" the man is unchanged. We may feel that the physical and psychological continuity has some bearing on the question.
Experiment 2. We watch a sudden, drastic change in a man's personality and physique, brought about by physical damage, or disease, or emotional shock, or some combination of these. Such has often occurred.
Afterwards, there may be little resemblance to the previous man, mentally or physically. There may be "total" amnesia, although he may recover capability of speech.
Of course he retains, e.g., the same fingerprints, and the same genes. But it would be absurd to say the main part of a man is his skin; and identical twins have the same genes, yet are separate individuals.
Although the physical material of his body is the same stuff, he seems-and feels-like a different person. Now we are more seriously disturbed, because the main continuity is merely physical; there is a fairly sharp discontinuity in personality. One might say with some plausibility that a man was destroyed, and mother man was created, inheriting the tissues of his predecessor's body.
Experiment 3. We observe an extreme case of "split personality."
It is commonly believed that sometimes two (or even more) disparate personalities seem to occupy the same body, sometimes one exercising control and sometimes the other. Partly separate sets of memories may be involved. The two "persons" in the same body may dislike each other; they may be able to communicate
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only by writing notes when dominant, for the other to read when his turn comes.
We may be inclined to dismiss this phenomenon by talking about psychosis or pathology. This tendency is reinforced by the fact that apparently one of the personalities is usually eventually submerged, or the two are integrated, leaving us with the impression that "really" there was only one person all along. Nevertheless, the personalities may for a time seem completely distinct by behavioral tests, and subjectively the difference is obviously real. This may leave us with a disturbing impression that possibly the essence of individuality lies after all in the personality, in the pattern of the brain's activity, and in its memory.
Experiment 4. Applying biochemical or microsurgical techniques to a newly fertilized human ovum, we force it to divide and separate, thereby producing identical twins where the undisturbed cell would have developed as a single individual. (Similar experiments have been performed, with animals.)
An ordinary individual should probably be said to originate at the moment of conception. At any rate, there does not seem to be any other suitable time-certainly not the time of birth, because a Caesarean operation would have produced a living individual as well; and choice of any other stage of development of the foetus would be quite arbitrary.
Our brief, coarse, physical interference has resulted in two lives, two individuals, where before there was one. In a sense, we have created one life. Or perhaps we have destroyed one life, and created two, since neither individual is quite the same as the original one would have been.
Although it does not by any means constitute proof, the fact that a mere, crude, mechanical or chemical manipulation can "create a soul" suggests that such portentous terms as "soul"
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and "individuality" may represent nothing more than clumsy attempts to abstract from, or even inject into, a system certain "qualities" which have only a limited relation to physical reality.
Experiment 5. By super-surgical techniques (which may not be far in the future) we lift the brains from the skulls of two men, and interchange them.
This experiment might seem trivial to some. Most of us, after thinking it over, will agree it is the brain which is important, and not the arms, nor the legs, nor even the face. If Joe puts on a mask resembling Jim, he is still Joe; and even if the "mask" is of living flesh and extends to the whole body, our conclusion will probably be the same. The assemblage of Joe's brain in Jim's body will probably be identified as Joe. But at least two factors make this experiment non-trivial.
First, if the experiment were actually performed and not merely discussed, the emotional impact on the parties concerned would be powerful. The wives would be severely shaken, as would the subjects. Furthermore, Joe-in-Jim's-body would rapidly change, since personality depends heavily on environment, and the body is an important part of the brain's environment. Also, we may be willing to admit that Joe's arms, legs, face, and intestines are not essential attributes of Joe-but what about his testicles? If Joe-in-Jim's-body lies with one of their wives, he can only beget Jim's child, since he is using Jim's gonads. The psychiatric and legal problems involved here are formidable indeed.
Some people might be tempted to give up on Joe and Jim altogether, and start afresh with Harry and Henry. In one sense, this is an impractical evasion, since the memories, family rights and property rights cannot be dismissed. From another view, it may be a sensible admission that characterization of an individual is to some extent arbitrary.
Coming technologies may enable exact copies of living bodies. After that they will configure exact copies of persons long dead.
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Once again, the suggestion is that physical systems (i.e., real systems) must in the end be described by physical parameters (operationally) and that attempts to pin profound or abstract labels on them, or to categorize them in subjective terms, cannot be completely successful.
Experiment 6. By super-surgical techniques (not yet available) we divide a man s brain in two, separating the left and right halves, and transplant one half into another skull (whose owner has been evicted).
Similar, but less drastic, experiments have been performed. Working with split-brain monkeys, Dr. C. B. Trevarthen has reported that " . . . the surgically separated brain halves may learn side by side at the normal rate, as if they were quite independent." (121) This is most intriguing, even though the brains were not split all the way down to the brain stem, and even though monkeys are not men.
There is also other evidence in the literature which we can summarize, with certain simplifications and exaggerations, as follows. Either half of a brain can take over an individual's functions independently. Normally, one half dominates, and loss of the other half is not too serious. But even if the dominant half is removed, or killed, the other half will take over, learning the needed skills.
There is presently no conclusive evidence that so drastic an experiment as ours would necessarily succeed; but in principle, as far as I know, it might, and we are not at the moment concerned with technical difficulties.
If it did succeed, we would have created a new individual. If the left half was dominant, we might label the original individual Lr; the same skull containing the left half alone after surgery we might call L, and the right half alone, in a different skull after the operation, is R.
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L thinks of himself as being the same as Lr. R may also think of himself as Lr, recuperated after a sickness, but to the outside world he may seem to he a new and different, although similar, person.
In any case, R is now an individual in his own right, and regards his life to be as precious as anyone else's. He will cling to life with the usual tenacity, and if he sees death approaching will probably not be consoled by the knowledge that L lives on.
Even more interesting is the attitude of L, the formerly dominant half, now alone in the skull. Suppose that, before the operation, we had told Lr that the dominant half of his brain was diseased, and would have to be removed, but that the other half would take over, albeit with some personality changes and possibly some loss of memory. He would be worried and disturbed, certainly-but he would probably not regard this as a death sentence. In other words, Lr would be consoled well enough by the assurance that R would live on. Yet after the splitting, and transplanting operation, L would regard his own destruction as death, and it would not satisfy him that R lived on, in another body.
This experiment seems to suggest again that, psychologically if not logically, the physical continuity is an important consideration.
Experiment 7. A man is resuscitated after a short period of clinical death, with some loss of memory and some change in personality.
This experiment has actually been performed many times. (97) Death was real by the usual clinical tests (no respiration, no heartbeat) but of course most of the cells remained alive, and most people would say that he had not "really" died, and that he was certainly the same person afterward. This experiment is important only as background for the following ones.
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Experiment 8. A man dies, and lies unattended for a couple of days, passing through biological death and cellular death. But now a marvel occurs; a space ship arrives from a planet of the star Arcturus, carrying a super-surgeon of an elder race, who applies his arts and cures the man of death and decay, as well as his lesser ailments.
(It is not, of course, suggested that any such elder race exists; the experiment is purely hypothetical, but as far as we know today it is not impossible in principle.)
The implications are apt to shake us. If decay is to be regarded as just another disease, with a possibility of cure, then when may the body be considered truly dead? If "truly" dead be taken to mean "permanently" dead, then we may never know when we are in the presence of death, since the criterion is not what has already happened to the man, but what is going to hap pen to him in the (endless?) future.
Experiment 9. A man dies, and decays, and his components are scattered. But after a long time a super-being somehow collects his atoms and reassembles them, and the man is recreated.
Once more, the difficulty or even impossibility of the experiment is not important. We also disregard the question of the possibility of identifying individual elementary particles. Is it the "same" man, in spite of the sharp physical discontinuity in time? If memory, personality, and physical substance are all the same, perhaps most of us would think so, even though we are disturbed by the black gulf of death intervening. But if we so admit, we must open the door even wider.
Experiment 10. We repeat the previous experiment, but with a less faithful reproduction, involving perhaps only some of the original atoms and only a moderately good copy. Is it still the same man?
We are doing things once thought impossible- it has much further to go.
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Again, perhaps, we wonder if there is really any such thing as an individual in any clear cut and fundamental sense.
Experiment 11. We repeat experiment 10, making a moderately good reconstruction of a man, but this time without trying to use salvaged material.
Now, according to the generally accepted interpretation of quantum theory, there is in principle as well as in practice no way to "tag" individual particles, e.g. the atoms or molecules of a man's brain; equivalent particles are completely indistinguishable, and in general it does not even make sense to ask whether the atoms of the reconstructed body are the "same" atoms that were in the original body. Those unfamiliar with the theory, who find this notion hard to stomach, may consult any of the standard texts.
If we accept this view, then a test of individuality becomes still more difficult, because the criteria of identity of material substance and continuity of material substance become difficult or impossible to apply.
Experiment 12. We discover how to grow or to construct functional replicas of the parts of the brain - possibly biological in nature, possibly mechanical, but at any rate distinguishable from natural units by special tests, although not distinguishable in function. The units might be cells, or they might be larger or smaller components. Now we operate on our subject from time to time, in each operation substituting some artificial brain parts for the natural ones. The subject notices no change in him - self, yet when the experiment is finally over, we have in effect a "robot"!
Does the "robot" have the same identity as the original man?
Experiment 13. We perform the same experiment as 12, but more quickly.
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In a single, long operation, we keep replacing natural brain components with artificial ones (and the rest of the body likewise) until all the original bodily material is in the garbage disposal, and a "robot" lies on the operating table, an artificial man whose memories and personality closely duplicate those of the original.
Perhaps some would feel the "robot" was indeed the man, basing the identity in the continuity, on the fact that there was never a sharp dividing line in time where one could say man ended and robot began. Others, well steeped in democracy and willing to apply political principles to biology, might think the robot was not the man, and ceased to be the man when half the material was artificial.
The subject himself, before the operation, would probably regard it as a death sentence. And yet this seems odd, since there is so little real difference between experiments 13 and 12; 13 merely speeds things up. Perhaps sufficient persuasion could convince the subject that the operation did not represent death; he might even be made to prefer a single operation to the nuisance of a series of operations.
Experiment 14. We assume, as in the previous two experiments, that we can make synthetic body and brain components. We also assume that somehow we can make sufficiently accurate nondestructive analyses of individuals. We proceed to analyse a subject, and then build a replica or twin of him, complete with memories.
Does the identity of our subject now belong equally to the "robot" twin? It might seem absurd to say so, but compare the previous experiment. There is scarcely any difference, especially since in 13 the subject was under anaesthesia during the operation; 13 was virtually equivalent to destroying the subject, then
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building a robot twin. The only real difference between 13 and 14 is that in 14 both the original and the duplicate survive.
Experiments 15, 16, and 17. We repeat experiments 12, 13, and 14 respectively, but instead of using artificial parts we use ordinary biological material, perhaps obtained by culturing the subject's own cells and conditioning the resultant units appropriately. Does this make any difference?
In logic, one would think perhaps not, but blood is thicker than water. Some people might make a different decision on 15 and 16 than on 12 and 13.
Experiment 18. We assume the truth of an assertion sometimes heard, viz., that in certain types of surgery a patient under certain types of anaesthesia suffers pain, although he does not awaken and afterwards does not remember the pain. The experiment consists in performing such an operation.
Most of us do not fear such operations, because we remember no pain in previous experiences, and because authoritative persons assure us we need not worry. Even a warning that the pain under anaesthesia is real is unlikely to disturb us much, if we are not of very nervous temperament. Still less do we fear ordinary deep anaesthesia, in which there seems to be no pain on any level, even though for the conscious mind this gulf is like that of death. Yet a child, or a person of morbid imagination, might be intensely frightened by these prospects.
Thus again we note a possible discrepancy between the logical and the psychological.
Experiment 19. A Moslem warrior is persuaded to give his life joyfully in a "holy war," convinced that the moment his throat is cut he will awaken in Paradise to be entertained by houris.
The synapse...the most complex machine known- and still a mystery.
An artificial synapse has been attempted in Germany 2012
We draw the obvious but useful conclusion that, from the
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standpoint of present serenity, it is merely the prospect of immortality that is important.
Experiment 20. We pull out all the stops, and assume we can make a synthetic chemical electronic mechanical brain which can, among other things, duplicate all the functions of a particular human brain, and possesses the same personality and memory as the human brain. We also assume that there is complete but controlled interconnection between the human brain and the machine brain: that is, we can, at will, remove any segments or functions of the human brain from the joint circuit and replace them by machine components, or vice versa.
In a schematic sense, then, we envisage each of the two brains, the biological one and the mechanical one, as an electronic circuit spread out on a huge "bread board" with complete accessibility. From the two sets of components, by plugging in suitable leads, we can patch together a single functioning unit, the bypassed elements simply lying dormant.
To make the picture simpler and more dramatic, let us also assume the connections require only something like radio communication, and not a physically cumbersome coupling.
We might begin the experiment with the man fully conscious and independent, and the machine brain disconnected and fully dormant. But now we gradually begin disconnecting nerve cells or larger units in the man's brain, simultaneously switching in the corresponding units of the machine. The subject notices no change - yet when the process is completed, we "really" have a machine brain controlling a "zombie" human body!
The machine also has its own sensory organs and effectors. If we now cut off the man's sensory nerves and motor leads and simultaneously activate those of the machine, the first subjective change will occur, namely, an eerie transportation of the senses from one body to another, from the man's to the machine's.
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This might be enjoyable: perhaps the machine's sense organs are more versatile than the man's, with vision in the infra-red and other improvements, and the common personality might feel wonderful and even prefer to "live" in the machine.
At this stage, remember, the man is entirely dormant, brain and body, and the outside observer may be inclined to think he is looking at an unconscious man and a conscious machine, the machine suffering from the curious delusion that it is a man controlling a machine.
Next, we reactivate the components of the man's brain, either gradually or suddenly, simultaneously cutting off those of the machine, but leaving the machine's sensors plugged in and the sensors of the human body disconnected. The subject notices no change, but we now have a human brain using mechanical senses, by remote control. (We disregard such details as the ability of the human optical centre to cope with infra-red vision, and the duplication of the new memories.)
Finally, we switch the human effectors and sensors back in, leaving the man once more in his natural state and the machine quiescent.
If we perform this sort of exchange many times, the subject may become accustomed to it, and may even prefer to "inhabit" the machine. He may even view with equanimity the prospect of remaining permanently "in" the machine and having his original body destroyed. This may not prove anything, but it suggests once more that individuality is an illusion.
Discussion and Conclusion. In discussing these hypothetical experiments we have touched on various possible criteria of individuality-identity of material substance, continuity of material substance, identity of personality and memory, continuity of personality and memory-and seen that none of these is
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wholly satisfactory. At any rate, none of these, nor any combination, is both necessary and sufficient to prove identity.
One cannot absolutely rule out the possibility that we have missed the nub of the matter, which may lie in some so far intangible essence or soul. However, such a notion seems inconsistent with the ease with which man can instigate, modify, and perhaps actually create life, and with several of our experiments.
The simplest conclusion is that there is really no such thing as individuality in any profound sense. The difficulty arises from our efforts first to abstract generalities from the physical world, and then to regard the abstractions, rather than the world, as the basic reality. A rough analogy will help drive home the point:
The classification "man" is useful, but not sharply definable. Is a freak a man? Is an aborted foetus a man? Is a pre-Neanderthal or other "missing link" a man? Is a corpse a man if some of the cells are still alive? And so on. A label is handy, but objects may be tagged arbitrarily. In the physical world there is no definite collection of objects which can be called "men," but only shifting assemblages of atoms organized in various ways, some of which we may choose to lump together for convenience."
Where an entire human being is held in a computer simulation it should be easier to envisage retrodictions to all our ancestors and living reconstructions being mathematically and technologically viable.
No event happens in isolation, but is caused by myriad events that hurtle forward changing yet other events in the future.Computers should be able to plot backwards and reconstruct them to the neurons and synapses.
Tipler describes the principle of identity, that if you make a good enough copy, it is the same event. Quantum Archaeology asserts that resurrection will take place long before the final state of the universe and is dependent only on mathematics computing and technology successes, likely to here before 2045 when computing equals group human intelligence, and this is anticipated by trend graphs..
Robert Ettinger describes 20 experiments to find what identity is in chapter 8 of The Prospect of Immortality (free online), and by Oxford philosopher Professor Derek Parfit.
Other issues are the computing capacity needed, and the social and legal difficulties of raising the dead.
Egyptians prepared important people for resurrection
Quantum Archaeology is assuming any person is a combination of knowable particles. These particles are interchangable with similar others without loss of identity.
World's largest radiocarbon dating lab uses atomic observation and calculation.
COMMON OBJECTIONS
Q.A. IS IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE OF ENTROPY
"The 2nd law of thermodynamics has the same degree of truth as the statement that if you throw a tumblerful of water into the sea, you cannot get the same tumblerful of water out again." James Clerk Maxwell d.1879
Although Maxwell had no concept of computers, on the surface this seems an insurmountable obstacle. Things decay. Information gets lost.
As information breaks down, it takes progressively more energy to restore it. Order demands more energy than disorder. When there was assumed to be only one universe, that meant our cosmos would undergo a heat death into a luke warm radiation.
Modern science as M - Theory, now posits there are zillions of universes bubbling off from infinite branes.
They are all potential energy sources. There is no longer a cap on how much information we can recover since we can gather energy from other worlds.
The pathways to reconstruction are many....far more than we need - to construct any one event like a human synapse, and it is further evidence that quantum archaeology is viable.
Indeed the whole of scientific detection and forensic science fulcrums on the fact that the lost past can be constructed by deduction from events in the present.
The criticism of the theory is that too much information is lost for ever on death and the destruction of the body. Death is not a special category that our superstitious past impelled us to believe through fear, but an event like any other. A mystical spirit doesn't need to be involved in a cause and effect process.
Could entropy not imply abstract chaos but presently unmeasurable complexity? A shuffled pack of card would be impossible for a lower primate to order, but it is no problem to something like a human who is more skilled at using intelligent thinking processes like pattern matching, deduction and cross checking knowing the law of suits.
It may seem impossible to reconstruct the exact deck of cards that has just been shuffled after it has been ordered in suits, but this is not so: the shuffled deck of cards didn't achieve apparently random order by chance but by the actions of the intermediary...the shuffler. All those actions absolutely and completely existed solely by the laws of physics. If you could simulate the man, the cards and the conditions, it is reasonable to suppose you could simulate the order he shuffled in.
http://www.inspiration.com/community/system/files/cards+experiment.jpg
Like a pack of cards, everything in the cosmos follows laws.
Just as Lavoisier proved the mass in a closed systems always remains the same..no matter what you do to things in it, so the order in a system is always the result of all the things it has come into contact with to that point.
This is in direct conflict with our ego which has a vested interest in believing it has freedom, but everything that exists is the sum of what has gone before it in its subjective state. There are no exceptions in the classical world and we dont understand the quantum world yet.
The number of surviving points in the present from which we can back trace to what existed years ago is much larger than the size we need to calculate events in history, because, in our time line, events multiply with time. If you wanted to configure a person's DNA and he left 4 sons that would be 4 starting points to assist your calculation. As time went on he may have 20 great grandchildren and these could help calculations. You could begin sketching in what cousins and relations could and could not be. Each event calculated along one trajectory would not give a definite event yet, but a certain minimum number would do that. Such conclusions by trajectories into the past involve the science of probability. The tool of probability calculation is well advanced and will get much better as time goes on. It is highly likely we will be able to probablize details thought lost forever, and be able to do it on presently immeasurably small particles as well as on big ones. From seemingly unrelated facts in the present a complete archaeological history will be revealed in breathtaking detail. Good enough to bring people back.
BRAIN PARTICLES DECAY IRRETRIEVABLY
Yes many, most or all decay, but there are so many ancestor states from any one event that you can configure by logic where they must have been at any given time by back-plotting from known data available in the present. You can even do this now, using classical methods.
Because there are many more events in the present than the past, many points will back-plot to exactly the same event in history: you dont need all of them to get a definitive reading!
Facial Reconstruction of Alexander the Great's father
THE QUANTUM WORLD IS NON-DETERMINISTIC AND CANT BE MANIPULATED
The quantum world obeys laws. We are on the edge of discovering what laws exist, and when we have enough we will be able to make minutely accurate predictions. the predictions in quantum mechanics are famously much more accurate than classical mechanics. we know that quantum systems are reversible so long as no one observes what's happening, and quantum theory supports not destroys quantum archaeology's assertions.
Coming machine and artificial systems will be sophisticated and clever perhaps more than anything we have imagined today.
We are already manipulating some quantum particles and have been since before the first atomic experiments when Rutherford split the atom in 1917.
The atomic force microscope (1989) has been used for measuring, and manipulating matter at the nanoscale, and more powerful devices are inevitable.
The Atomic Force Microscope can observe and manipulate quantum particles.
Thus as we produce more and better manipulation capabilities at smaller and smaller levels, we will be able to move quantum particles with more precision. Computers are uniquely good at handling the vast number crunching calculations that will be needed to retrodict where particles have come from, and reconfigure and map the co-ordinates.
When sufficient space-time points have been matrixed, all relevant points of a person and their memories will be inevitably calculated, allowing any long deceased person to be drafted, similar to drafting someone's DNA sequence.
When the map of the person has been established and cross-checked, it may be taken to be made up in an atomic robotic assembly hospital.
Each event has a traceable pathway in space-time.
There are many more events in the present than in the past so tracing anyone who has died is easier than constructing someone in the present or future. In our universe history is shaped like a cone:
It should be possible to "see" back into the past using coming calculating machines.
TECHNOLOGY IS ACCELERATING MAN'S STRUCTURE
Neanderthal 4,500 years ago (archaeological surface reconstruction of a particular individual).
Projection of imminent robots (before 2025) that will work while we sleep.
DOES QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY DEPEND ON QUANTUM
COMPUTERS?
'Hypercomputation would be necessary only if time is limited. If time unlimited, then classical computation would do' Kurzweilai.net forum. Classical computing is growing on a known trajectory and eventually our computers will be powerful enough to calculate histories without quantum computers. However if we are in a race against coming catastrophes like global warming, then there may be a limit.
It is a case of how accurate our measurements and deductions can be. Every action leaves a chain of actions from it. One way to think of it is like a snooker table; by taking measurements like the speed and position of the balls in play you can deduce where they must have come from since the last hit. in a bid enough simulation, i.e. a machine having enough processing power, you would be able to reconstruct the snooker room as well! The speed and position of an electron may be a mystery, but whether we can reverse quantum systems is not. They are absolutely reversible.
Quantum computers are about to change science
"Quantum computing can handle 128 Qbits and that number will grow. There is excitement about.the size of calculation quantum computers will achieve- far vaster than anything we could need however the more calculations they do the less accurate they are proportionately and there is no known way round this." The former paragraph was correct on 27th February 2012, but on 29th February 2012 IBM announced it had found a way to begin cancelling the errors in quantum calculations with increasing fidelity and quantum computing was achievable. If this is correct it changes everything in this essay and quantum archaeology can be easily achieved using quantum computers alone.
Classical computers are growing enormously powerful. Mathematical methods are progressing as well as brute force to be able to give simulations and symbolic simulations of increasing complexity. It is only a matter of time before people and groups of people are simulated then it will be possible to retrodict or back plot people long dead and their memories, which are expressed as the positions of molecules in their brains.
Japan's K computer was the world's fastest when thi8s essay was begun at 10.51 petaflops, - only a fraction of the power that is coming.
YOU NEED SUB-ATOMIC DETAILS OF DISPERSED MEMORY?
The brain is made of molecules and atoms, and sub-atomic particles may be pretty irrelevant in reconstruction. Once the molecular cells are correctly reconstructed they are likely to generate their chemical and electromagnetic properties. For instance once you have correctly rebuilt a person's endocrine system it will begin producing the correct hormones. Quantum archaeology aims to reconstruct the cells of the body, inclining those upon which memory is premised working upwards from prababized DNA's and the environment.
Quantum particles need not concern us. However if they are needed, these too will be calculable by retrodiction, following the same principle...that there are many loci points in the present from which to calculate backwards and reconstruct the deceased.
Memory is important, and you must have rights to any memories that are recoverable by coming techniques. Companies may well be set up to retrieve personal memories in more and more detail that you can buy, and as we live without death, there will be plenty of time to buy them!
But a person is much more than just conscious memories and includes all the machinery of the brain and body...many of which can be simply restored by replications of DNA accurate bodies.
A probability graph can show how likely a given event is to occur.
Future computers will combine trillions of these at trillions of event scales..
EXACTLY HOW MUCH COMPUTING POWER IS NEEDED?
We are going to be manipulating far fewer than the number of atoms in the earth if we resurrect using atomic manipulation. We need to configure an equation for any given who has ever lived and we need the maths and computing to do it. If we have very little maths, we need very big processing power, and if we have very big maths, we need relatively little processing power. That is the power of mathematics, it is systems for pattern spotting and short cuts to manipulate vast numbers.
Estimates of 10/\40 operations per second have been mentioned as what is needed . This is a vast number: 10/\18 will be here in 2018-22 by Moore's Law. By 2030 post-human artificial intelligence is expected as techniques and technologies like super-recursive algorithms and quantum computers will have far surpassed one human brain in processing capacity. A recursion paradigm will emerge based on how far and fast they can improve themselves. It is expected to be very fast leading to a technological singularity by 2045...a point after which improvements are so rapid no predictions can be made.
It would be astonishing if machines can not match and surpass human intelligence because it would mean there is some aspect of biological intelligence which is beyond our science. But nothing shows that so far, and brain simulations are progressively accurate.
Too much data to process/it is too far back in time/brains have finally disintegrated, are all objections boiling down to the same thing: whether we can extract the needed information from vast amounts of data and how much calculation power can be muster?
A guide to amounts we are likely to be able to manipulate are plotable on trend graphs. This is a famous one by Hans Moravec:
http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/talks/revo.slides/power.aug.curve/power.aug.gif
(Click to enlarge)
Human work is being replaced by machines that do it billions of times better and faster. But no post human general machines have been achieved yet.
It is worth repeating that computer capacity needed for a task decreases the more maths is involved.
The more representation or abstraction you use, the less computer crunching you need. Maths is about finding short cuts to massive tasks, utilizing patterns.
Conversely the more computing power you have the less maths you will need.
Trial and error combinations are ;produced in computers at massive speeds. A process of discarding is incited where any timelines that are in conflict with known checkpoints of history are thrown away. This process of refining will go on and on until you are left with the distilled map of the person to be resurrected at the time of their death. Final checks can be made with other timelines and other resurrectee maps, and when we are sure we have the correct description, the person can be built by millions of small robots.
It's meaningless to talk of computing size without mathematical capacity. I dont know what size a computation would be needed with today's maths (if I could ever guess that accurately!) as individual mathematicians have curious ways of short cuts and equations, much probably unpublished despite the internet, so it's hard to say what is possible mathematically.
Present computing can handle incredibly accurate retrodiction because of statistical sampling. We will do progressively more detailed reconstructions using machine intelligence as it becomes available.
The brain/memory is the holy grail, but it is a blunder to think they are somehow outside the laws of science or different from eg skin cells except by size, which is only a question of factoring up.
Those factors are probably large like in the synapse but there aremany techniques to slash the multiples. eg the brain has an integrity and if parts of it are wiped by a stroke the rest can completely compensate without any memory loss. This must mean that reconstructions involve laws, which as they are being discovered in the human brain project, enables massive inflation from a much smaller number of formulas.
What laws govern what can and cant be held in memory reduces to how the physical structure of the brain, presumably compacted as DNA programmes is itself but a small set of possible combinations for retrodiction skills to modify per resurectee.
It is thought that by 2020 we will be able to do more general calculations than one human brain can presently do. At some stage in the future we will be able to simulate the local world and run it backwards and forwards with astonishing accuracy.
While some information has decayed much has remained reconfigurable, and from that the whole of the human past should. be possible to reconfigure at complex grids. You could then select anyone at all and produce the exact equation for them at any point in their lives. Companies may compete to offer resurrection of deceased loved ones sooner than is immediately obvious because of exponential growths of technology.
The rate of progress is speeding up...and that speeding up is itself speeding up. It is no longer a safe bet to say something is impossible because it is very complex.
Simulations of the entire universe are growing in detail and at some future point will have enough sophistication to model the whole of human history down to sub-atomic levels.
"Within a quarter century, nonbiological intelligence will match the range and subtlety of human intelligence. It will then soar past it because of the continuing acceleration of information-based technologies, as well as the ability of machines to instantly share their knowledge." Ray Kurzweil
By December 2011 the Korea Institute for Advanced Study in Seoul had used the Tachyon II supercomputer with 157,392GB of disk space and over 26,232 processing cores to build a simulation of the early universe. The processing took 20 days, despite the supercomputer being one of the world's fastest. This was 8800 times bigger than a similar construction 6 years before, playing with 374,000,000,000 particles instead of 10,000,000,000 in 2005 compared to just 300 particles in 1970 at Princeton.
[Click for higher resolution image.]
High-resolution simulation of a galaxy hosting a super-luminous supernova and its chaotic environment in the early Universe. Credit: Adrian Malec and Marie Martig (Swinburne University).
'Moore's law describes a long-term trend in the history of computing hardware: the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years (or 18 months)' wikipedia.
It doesn't matter whether Moore's law is a self-fulfilling prophesy or a natural law, because companies use it to plan computing developments, which ensures faster and more complex computation.
Ray Kurzweil has plotted trends of speed up and declared a Law of Accelerating Returns is valid. The underlying acceleration of technology is faster than it seems.
http://emergentbydesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/chaissonphicurve.jpg
WORK BEING DONE
Much work is being done in many fields which must converge successfully if quantum archaeology is to be a reality.
The most important of these is undoubtedly A.I. Artificial Intelligence was tabled as a separate discipline in 1956 by John MacCarthy,
"... to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves."
Despite difficulties that involved governments withdrawing funding and calling A.I. workers 'crackpots' ((the 'A.I. winter') a few people kept going in it and it revived by 2000 to become used in every part of technological society, though the elusive general problem solving machine that matched human capacity even of one brain has not been achieved at the time of writing this.
As the brain is made of sub-systems, in turn made of sub-systems and at the smallest biological level these are increasingly being simulated and described, it is a matter of time alone before we can replicate the intelligence part of the brain (much of which controls the bodies functions) and once we have replicated it in models, to make bigger and bigger general intelligences, just as have been made in the animal kingdom, which we are also studying with accelerating success.
It is already clear that size of brain does not command higher intelligence, but clear that neuron number in the neocortex is what counts.
Reverse engineering a complete map of the brain is regarded as so important for mankind's future that it has been labelled the Human Brain Project and many organizations and visionaries are racing to fund it.
By 2030 because of trends in science we are likely to have machines that far excel human capabilities, and that are recursive or self-improving.
That will speed up mutation times on a predictable acceleration. Ray Kurzweil has calculated that by 2045 the speed of innovation will have reached a technological singularity after which predictions break down.
But scientific predictions are notorious false in technology: there are list of famous, now hilarious ones, including by IBM who stated there was no commercial need for more than 5 computers in the world. Although we have a right to be cautious, what is easier to state is that progress will continue, and from the work being done, highly intelligent systems are going to emerge.
In 2012 a detailed 2 neuron chip and synapse was built at MIT with about 400 transistors to mimic a human synapse, and it is certain this will get more and more detailed.
Eventually we are going to make them better and faster than human ones and link up trillions in software distributed programmes, simulating the largest intelligence in human history. Such systems will solve problems of human illness, but also discover including how to build more intelligent ones with intelligences beyond human comprehension.
These will be superintelligences and quantum archaeologists will rush to utilize their retrodiction capacities. which will surely be subatomic in detail.
We are going quite far by long hand already!
Recently scientists extracted 139 genetic sequences from organisms. They then calculated backwards to find their most likely ancestors using "ancestral gene resurrection and manipulative genetic experiments to determine how the complexity of an essential molecular machine—the hexameric transmembrane ring of the eukaryotic V-ATPase proton pump—increased hundreds of millions of years ago."
What is astounding is that they managed to pin point an evolutionary event 800 million years ago by deduction from present day data, which they then confirmed by trials in living yeast. They synthesized the DNA inserting it into yeast to test whether it functioned and found it successfully produced a fully functioning proton pump (Gregory C. Finnigan et al., Evolution of increased complexity in a molecular machine, Nature, 2012). "Our strategy was to use 'molecular time travel' to reconstruct and experimentally characterize all the proteins in this molecular machine just before and after it increased in complexity," said the study's senior author Dr.Joe Thornton.
This is an example of first stages in quantum archaeology, using present day computing which is very crude to those expected in the coming years.
"Advances in DNA sequencing, however, have allowed us to calculate what the earlier proteins must have looked like. And scientists have now started to engineer DNA sequences that "resurrect" these long dead proteins, and examine how they function. In the latest work of this sort, a team has resurrected parts of an ancient molecular machine, and shown how some of its specialized protein components evolved." John Timmer Ars Technica 2012.
University of Minnesota scientists using similar techniques have 'resurrected' life forms last seen at the beginning of the Cambrian explosion 530 million years ago (January 16 2012 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences).
These tiny steps, almost unnoticed in the vastness of scientific work, alert the careful historian to the coming of archaeological revolution.
RESURRECTIONS ALREADY ACHIEVED
Since the debate began in technology and statistics techniques have succeeded exactly as envisaged to prove resurrection of past events, including in classes of dead species, is a reality.
It isn't just physical advances but advances in calculation and volume efficiency in data mining that enable resurrection of past patterns.
Presently we are aiming at resurrecting classes of past events: a mammoth, a DNA sequence, but in future we will be aiming to resurrect individuals within that class....a specific mammoth or a specific man and indeed we are doing so with facial and body features where there is physical remains or imprint traces already.
A proton pump from 100 million years ago was successfully recreated in a living yeast cell in 2012 at the University of Oregon.
Stephen A. Benner at the Benner Laboratory was an originator of the field of experimental paleogenetics, where genes and proteins from ancient organisms are resurrected using bioinformatics and recombinant DNA technology.
Mechanisms have been rebuilt, demonstrably accurate, of organisms 600 million years old using deduction and probability eg at University of Oregon's lab by Joe Thornton in synthetic biology "...by re-engineering proteins as they existed in the past, we can test hypothesis about their functions and mutations that caused them ....Given [the] phylogeny and the extant sequences, at any side in the sequence we can infer the most likely ancestral state using a maximum likelihood algorithm....we then use synthetic biology to synthesise that DNA."
Helen Pearson: Prehistoric proteins: Raising the dead : Nature 2012
Evolution isn't random but inevitable and follow knowable laws. Computational phylogenetics can be synthesised with other techniques to state what organic material was hundreds of millions of years ago.
Organic matter like human brains, is easier to calculate than inorganic material, because they follow fewer (evolutionary) rules, or at least they are narrower. So many data bases are being created that the scienece of syntesing them is already a profession, leading to counter-intuitive results about what the past was.
In 2012 scientists reconstructed the recreation of an ancient cricket's love song from a 165 million year old fossil of Archaboilus musicus.
As we reassemble body parts from creatures and organisms hundreds of millions of years old, is it too much of a leap of foresight to think we will complete the Quantum Archaeology Grid and infer deduce and probalizing individuals and their living brains?
We sketch classes of the ancient dead, and occasionally specific individuals at a surface layer only. Eventually we must surely reconstruct exact individuals and groups in amazing enough detail to bring them back to life.
The deflation of technology falls on a trendable graph plot eg the human genome can be mapped for a fraction of the cost 10 years ago and while everyone's DNA will be routinely mapped as gene therapy medicines become available, they all point back in time to common ancestors. so there are many time line to trace back to single events in the past. We will be able to map our ancestors DNA long before we can retrodict their memories at the point of death.
The Siberian Mammoth Museum and Japan’s Kinki University, are on a 5 year project to resurrect the woolly mammoth.
Ghengis Khan searched for immortality, but was told it was impossible.His fabulous tomb remains undiscovered by the Kentii mountain range in Mongolia.
WHAT IS AN ARCHAEOLOGY MATRIX?
I have covered this in more detail as the Quantum Archaeology Grid. Below is what a portion of it may look like (drawn from The Matrix).
Quantum Archaeology will use computer a matrix that is in motion to reconfigure near infinite space-time points to that past events can be described. Then atomic robots will reassemble. This is a frozen moment under the threshold of human biochemical actions at sub-cellular levels. It is not necessary to probability excavate for most of the reconstructions.
It should be possible to construct a matrix of history to quantum levels
using probabilities, in order to resurrect whole groups together.
A subset of the Quantum Archaeology Grid, an Archaeology Matrix is a dimension grid of check points like a three dimensional log table, and you would be able to read off points of relevance to fill in complete people. The checkpoints help locate positioning of the artefact you are trying to recreate from the past.
The world is a particle, wave, or event matrix of check points and many groups and people will help to build its archaeological structure like a family tree or Human Genome data base., It may be in everyone's interests to do so. The Archaeology Matrix could become a valuable tool for recreations and will be as detailed as our progressive technology allows.
IT HASN'T BEEN DONE YET
Objections from cryonics founder the 'suspended' Professor Robert Ettinger that a theoretically objective perspective may not encompass a subjective one - which should also be assigned validity, and may be much more important for survival in human terms - is hard to dispel. He has urged caution in quantum archaeology and gives the example of the human mind uploaded into a robot to demonstrate:
“...it may eventually be possible to simulate as large a portion of spacetime as desired, to any desired degree of accuracy. But that does not necessarily mean that a simulated person would be alive in our sense, i.e. capable of having subjective experiences.... A simulation is a description of a thing and not the thing itself.”
and again
“In general, the map is not the territory. A description of a thing is not the thing, except in the case that the "thing" is itself an abstraction or description. In particular, a description of a physical object is not that object and lacks some of the properties of the object, as well as including some properties that the object does not have. Further, an automaton that behaves like a person is not necessarily a person, i.e. alive in our sense, capable of subjective experience or feeling. In other words, a person has qualia. A quale is a physical state or phenomenon, not yet understood, but not necessarily duplicable in inorganic matter."- Robert Ettinger 2007, 2008 (to me).
Robert seems to be saying that there is something one cant describe about a person. You can ask him yourself as he's covered both ways: quantum archaeologically and also he's been cryonically suspended since engaging in this debate (an unreplyably good argument!).
The objection from qualia is a nightmare for many physicists as there is no way to disprove it nor prove it, and history has been a progression of more complex denouements about the specialness of Man. While it is true we would be foolish to assert we know everything about the composition of the brain...we clearly do not understand it yet...there is good reason to believe we will be able to completely map it and simulate it in the coming decades, and possibly as early 2020-30.
At that point simulation could be tweaked to make larger brain and theoretically yield superintelligence. Even if we are out by several factors in guessing complexity, we will at some stage be able to simulate accurately. After that we will be able to make computer simulations of past brains by retrodiction from current known coordinates.
General Relativity Professor Roger Penrose has stated that we may not know everything necessary about the brain and has advanced an idea about quantum gravity acting at the synapses to explain the deeper manifestations of human consciousness. Should this theory be correct it will reduce our workings by factors of size and not disprove our underlying method, that by applying the laws of science to probability and observation we can reconstruct things from the past that are indistinguishable from what they were.
(Click to enlarge) Synapse self-organising map,
Some philosophers have criticized transhumanism on the grounds that it is an argument to the future -banned in philosophy- and that transhumanist's absence of of a subjective valuation system for Man except as an object, is dangerous.
Extropians rebuff this by asserting the theory values Man so much it attempts a survival strategy for the assumed dead as well as for the living!
Another objection from quantum mechanics is that retrodiction traces myriad histories, not just one common past, and therefore it would be impossible to calculate the exact person as required. This is refuted on the grounds that Many Worlds Theory has returned cosmology to determinism, and the sheer scale of the calculation involved baffles people into believing it is not possible.
We may well describe many worlds, but there are likely to be ways of calculating which exact world we wish to resurrect artefacts....living or non-living....from.
Anything that has existed or will exist has definite pathways, however many parallel worlds split, and therefore are always calculable. The aim is not to capture the actual person from the past, but only to calculate their space-time or other coordinates to the Nth degree, and then to reconstruct them in the present.Ötzi, the 5,300-year-old mummy from the Alps
WHAT WILL BE RESURRECTED?
It is even now possible to resurrect a clone of some mammals including Neanderthal Man, so some form of immortality is possible with present technology; the real challenge is retrieving everyone's memories, for memories constitute the man.
How far this can be taken is dependent on our measuring and construction expertise, though most agree this is likely to leap with the advent of hypercomputers, when machines begin designing and inventing for themselves. Invention is close to the heart of Man's genius, but it cannot be a mystical process and so will be achieved mechanically.
The objection assumes some special property of a human being not accessible by the laws of science.
Techniques are likely to be discovered that can manipulate the extremely small as well as the very large, but it is thought unlikely that faithful replication beyond sub-atomic levels would be necessary to resurrect people and their memories, even if superstrings are not the smallest possible state, which they may well not be.
5,300 yr old Otzi a find in the Hauslabjoch glacier.
Otzi's (see picture above) reconstruction is a science of probables
Present day reconstructions cant do the brain yet, but it is still made of particles that may be reconfigurable with coming computing.
We can tell that Ötzi had three gallstones, Lyme disease and a weak heart, ate ibex before he was shot in the back, probably by an enemy tribesman and died half an hour afterwards. His is the oldest surviving blood sample to date.
All his memories are likely to be recreated with Quantum Archaeology.
AREN'T BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IRREVERSIBLE?
We used to think so. However maths and statistical insights mean we may be able to computerize many biochemical processes predicting and retrodicting to amazing degrees. Quantum archaeologists are not trying to reverse biological processes, but describe the ones that existed then build people back. Heat loss is a major issue but it does not confound building archaeological grids and inserting what must have been the state of deceased brains, based on correlating constructed and extant information.
Brains are no different from other organic things in nature and exist and develop and change by knowable laws and rules. It is therefore possible to rebuild them from classical physics and chemistry using coming computing machines.
At present we do not know how life comes into being, so we cant run accurate simulations of evolution, but we are getting closer to it and at some stage will run simulations of earth's history that are so accurate it may be indistinguishable from our own.
ASSEMBLY
With 3D printing you can [print off interesting pretty basic items..tools, clothes, trainers, basic food, engine parts have been 3D printed for a while.
But it is going to get much more complex with quantum robots!
Nano-nozzles will focus and fire assemblies by a myriad of techniques, and will continue improving until assembly is so detailed and accurate that identical living organisms will be made in front of your eyes from programs you download online.
The cumbersome cartridges used presently have evolved from desktop ink jet 2D printers. They 3D print by a variety of methods, including line printing and melting and you can see the continuation trend of printing as a graph that is rushing to increase in complexity.
Woodblock printing (200)
Movable type (1040)
Printing press (1454)
Etching (ca. 1500)
Mezzotint (1642)
Aquatint (1768)
Lithography (1796)
Chromolithography (1837)
Rotary press (1843)
Offset printing (1875)
Hectograph (19th century)
Hot metal typesetting (1886)
Mimeograph (1890)
Screen printing (1907)
Spirit duplicator (1923)
Dye-sublimation (1957)
Phototypesetting (1960s)
Dot matrix printer (1964)
Laser printing (1969)
Thermal printing (ca. 1972)
Inkjet printing (1976)
Stereolithography (1986)
Digital press (1993)
3D printing (ca. 2003)
(wiki)
Human (living) body parts (2010)
Full human being (2030?)
LONG-HAND TECHNOLOGIES
The big leap will be when machine intelligence takes over from man-designed systems.
Meantime we are having fun with breaking technologies which demonstrates Man is learning to manipulate energy, and that will mean forwards and backs in time, as prediction and retrodiction hot up! .
A 3d home printer
This bicycle came from a 3D printer.
2012 an elderly woman had her complete titanium jaw from a 3D printer.
In 2012 the first house was 3D printed in the UK.
Coming:
Inside, coming:
RepRap has been going one of the longest and is involved with open source programmes. Prices of 3D Printers have begum dramatically falling in 2012 from $10,000 to $1,000 and in March $350 from MakiBox.
Technologies hit the knee of the development curve then seem to suddenly appear and take off:
http://www.nickhunn.com/wp-content/gallery/general/3dfunding.pngRise of 3D printing
Circuit boards, mobiles and other electronics are all going to be printed and new businesses are springing up worldwide with new possibilities for weekly shopping. The construction of most atoms in the periodic table may be a next big step to convert domestic waste into new atomic structures, though that could be decades away. Shops may become completely different to what we have known stocking only what you cannot print at home.
All this is happening now, but from history's accelerating trend of technology , what is coming is more spectacular than anything we can dream.
At some point a move from printing body parts to a given particular alive human being (we began printing living body parts in 2007) will occur.
That printout will depend only on a detailed enough computer program being plotted out effectively. That seems an enormous undertaking, and the oft cited speed up time to sequence a specific human genome is surely an example of how fast a specific person's map will be entered into a computer once we begin to do the time line calculations.
A home laptop could hold or get the equation set for anyone who has ever lived.
If that seems like a jump, consider that transhumanists are talking about simulating the entire galaxy, and that is only restrained by how much computer power is traded against shortcut mathematics we use.
Prehistoric Man's mind cannot be unknowable by retrodiction.
You dont need remains of the dead to reassemble them!
This is the brilliant bit of Quantum Archaeology. You dont need anything left of a person to resurrect them: memories and all.
Ben Goertzel who does pioneering work in Artificial Intelligence
You are retrodicting (opposite of predicting...just means going backwards) from known present variables, a simulation of past events on a cosmic moving pool table. The world is not chaos, it is complex order, and here is the magic:
once you know the laws of science AND you have any handful of dirt to deduce from, you can construct everything that there is. That is true because everything is connected.
MOST variables will be categorized repeats eg the periodic table will underpin everything needed for reconstruction of all elements.
A man who died alone 200 years ago, or 2,000,000 years ago may look different propositions to resurrection. Not at all! It just needs many more calculations. Something that coming computers excel at.
You could analyse 10 variables in the present and retrodict back to anyone by unbroken chains of cause and effect.
Resurrection kiosks may look like this in the future.
A person's memory and life were not random, but inevitable events which all MUST leave changes collectible in the future.
From the future, many billions will point back to very few events in the past, and from very many cross-checkable starting retrodiction points. The laws governing science are being set down and new ones deduced to find short cuts to predictions covering vast amounts of raw data.
We are at the very edge, the significant beginning, of what is possible in archaeology. Our computing systems are but precursors to ones in the future. Man seems complex and history seems dead but archaeology is recovering it bit by bit, and its move to quantum methods has begun.There is no scientific reason why a local world could not be entirely reconstructed and this is solely dependent upon our measuring and calculation abilities.
Gerald Moore in 1965 theorized computer power doubled every 18 months.
Moore's Law and other trends popularized and discovered by Kurzweil indicate when there will be enough processing power to achieve simulations complex enough to map out a world, and it is expected that a 200 Qubit quantum computer may be able to do this.
It is assumed that singularity technology and Artificial General Intelligence will be required to model enough of the local universe to simulate any human being and many futurists including Vernor Vinge and Ray Kuzweil expect it when intelligent technologies reach predictable points on consistently performing trend graphs.
There were very few attempts to build accelerating intelligence and the first conference for Artificial General Intelligence was set up for March 2008; if any of the AGI projects succeed ahead of 2030, it will fulfill the criteria for resurrection by quantum archaeology.
Meticulous archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie had read trigonometry and geometry as a boy and introduced 'cross-dating' to establish details in his Egyptian and Greek digs. He was self-taught and had no formal schooling.
Oxford archaeologist T.E. Lawrence c 1910 who gave up a promising career in medieval pottery shards under Petrie.
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Quantum Archaeology 4/9
"Much that once was is lost for none now live who remember it."
Lord of the Rings
Excavations of Pompeii where Mount Vesuvius erupted and ashed the town in 79C.E.
THE WILL TO RESURRECT
Does Man have the organic will to resurrect?
Is recursion inevitable for human and all life?
Resurrection tales are everywhere in rites, prayers, fantasies, art, literature and legends. Many civilizations like the Egyptian evoke resurrection. No civilization is without such myths, and this, perhaps epigenetic biological desire is arguably a living force:- an action sufficient of itself to drive a species incantation 'Let the dead arise!' Resurrection may be an emergent property of intelligence, which once genetically evoked cannot be kept in the tomb!
We are capturing information once lost about things long forgotten.
Quantum archaeology is attempting the theory preceding the science about how to reconfigure dead information, by tracing cause and effect timelines before the moment of death for any person who has ever lived.
Ettinger's brilliant solution was to capture as much of a clinically dead person as possible in a cryonic suspension. That logic is still good and it makes sense to freeze yourself on clinical death if it is within your means
He anticipated that future techniques would allow revival and rejuvenation, and that as much information as possible should be stored, beginning with the brain. This wise and early philosophy began the transhumanist movement. Frank Tipler's best seller, The Physics of Immortality is a tribute to Ettinger's The Prospect of Immortality.
Artificial Intelligence starting and stopping has finally gone commercial with SiRi and will be driven by profits to improve.
Technology is getting smarter exponentially and machines are likely to be interacting with us as equals in the 2020's and using us as we use washing machines and mobiles after 2045.
We must upgrade ourselves faster than artificially intelligent machines or become slaves to them.
Human like robots are improving at dramatic rates. Many of the skills they have surpass humans. They are not limited to 5 senses, and their speeds of reaction will become too fast for the human eye to see..Publically available data from the military includes the Petman series:
Boston Dynamic Petman
To the consummate determinist, the dynamic cosmos is as viable run backwards as forwards! It is fashionable to view the cosmos as a computer program - though as Roddey Brooks head of A.I. at M.I.T pointed out to us during AI@50...this too is fashion: before computers the cosmos was thought to be clockwork.
The principle in the meso world is immutable causation, and in this sense there can be said to be a Law of Conservation of Information that nothing is ever lost, since running a sufficient simulation backwards must logically make all events in the cosmos reconfigurable.
A local piece of the world's largest (2011)moving model of our universe is the Korean New Horizons Simulator using 370 billion variables. In 40 years time the number may rise to infinities. * passed in 2012
The lawyer and the historian trade in being able to reconstruct data from the past - data assumed lost - by cross examination, the study of surviving objects, memories, plied with masses of deduction. Then judgements are made according to what is most probable. The archaeologist is no less theatrical, including the imaginative excavator of Troy.
Flinders Petrie, who lived in my village, luckily set it as the most meticulous and precise of disciplines, side stepping Schliemann, and it is the honest, painstaking path archaeologists follow today. Finds, mapping, calculation by logic, preserving recording, and where possible restoring.
Quantum Archaeologists will do more logic than is perhaps imaginable using coming super systems, because computers are logic machines running at incredible and accelerating speeds.
Ray Kurzweil and others have discovered formulaic graphs which are consistent, showing technology increases by predictable lines (The Singularity Is Near 2005).
http://images.techhive.com/images/article/2013/04/transistor-counts-100032505-orig.png
(click to enlarge) Far from from being guess work, the advance of supercomputing is quite predictable and follows a straight line
Quantum Archaeology is convergent combinations of cause and effect and probability systems of retrodiction. In simple English QA is about working out past events using averages and plotting in straight lines into the past.
"Archeometry or Scientific Archaeology is collaboration of sciences between archaeology, physics, chemistry, biology, biochemistry, earth sciences, material science, mathematics, statistics and computing." (wiki). This is the forerunner of Quantum Archaeology where we are focused on describing enough detail to raise the dead.
Resurrection is an inevitable aim of mankind if we survive extinction.
Frank J. Tipler immediately supported the idea and his letter was published on Kurzweilai, although he saw raising the dead as three dimensional resurrectees as unnecessary because a computer simulation will be the same thing as our reality:
(to me 2002) “You are indeed correct that this is possible because the current universe has limited complexity....the complexity of the visible universe today is bounded above by 10^{123} bits of information. It is indeed correct that the 2nd law of thermodynamics applies to the universe as a whole. In fact, the Second Law is essential in the proof that the laws of physics REQUIRE the computer capacity of the universe to increase without limit.”
Jülich Supercomputers in Germany can do vast calculations which will get vaster.
The idea that Man might be able to reconstruct his deceased ancestors has been exploded into the world of philosophy and it is up to scientists and technologists to come up with the solutions.
Death and its entry pains are so horrific to the observer that a form of complex but solace denial has become useful for group bonding (an evolutionary use of suffering), from the last rites administered to the dying, to funeral ceremonies and carved and kept masonic graveyards performed and built only by and for the living.
WILL PAST CRIMES BE DETECTED?
Not only past crimes, but past thoughts - all of them will be laid bare for everyone to see! That must be the case if we plot a detailed enough quantum archaeology grid.
In Europe, which is leading the world in jurisprudence, punishment as a policy is fading in law, in favor of asking the questions, what caused the problem and how is it best fixed?
A society where any object can be recreated and duplicated, and any person can be raised from the dead, makes arguments of theft and murder obsolete. No person would act against society if they knew society acted in their interests.
Seeing a chain of causation where repeated psychological injury makes a mind rebellious could be easily corrected by actual physical rehabilitation, with the criminal's (now the the patient's) consent.
The doctrine of culpability was good for the old European empires but is being abandoned in the modern world. People are questioning whether a State should ever be involved in revenge or vengeance or executions when the causes of crime and restoration are becoming possible.
In fact no-one has ever been murdered, no property has ever been stolen nor damaged, and no-one has erred irretrievably as Quantum Archaeology comes. The murdered will simply be resurrected; the stolen item returned and duplicated, the damaged repaired as good as new.
Much science is used in planning for the future: a company that aims to produce something in five years without working out how the world will have changed then may find that its product is obsolete on launch, and no-one wants it.
There are many instances of a fast change: the cd made records obsolete quickly, and the motorcar made the buggy obsolete.
We are entering a stage where the mathematical description of anything past or present, that is or once was, can be configured. Then it can be rebuilt using coming quantum robots.
THE COMING OF THE QUANTUM ROBOTS
A robot is a machine that has specified degrees of freedom and a range of tasks it can perform in an environment. It doesn't matter how many dimensions it exists in... an on screen robot only exists in three..height, width and movement i time. The environments are many, and may have many dimensions in future!
Quantum robots were conceptualized by Paul Benioff in 1982.
The idea that we could build and send quantum robots into the quantum world, carrying quantum computers on their backs, may seem science fiction, but the forerunners to such robots are already here as nano machines, which will eventually build them. These nanorobots have already entered the human cell and quantum computers already exist.
The quantum world is anything smaller than the atom and extending to the planck scale.
Robots that build smaller robots which build smaller robots to do the work are a reality, and wait for sufficient artificial intelligence, which alone will change the galaxy and beyond.
THE NEED FOR A RESURRECTION THEORY IN SCIENCE
There is a need for a modern resurrection theory, and it better come from within science or it will be flung contemptuously aside by technologists, who tolerate futurists because they are so ruthlessly good at predicting technology, many of us are rich able to command vast resources, and our futurism is based on demonstrably correct trend graphs like Moore's Law and The Law of Accelerating Returns.
As a talented student pf the famous John Wheeler, it seems to me Tipler is correct in many of his assertions and his science should be studied. His prediction that the cosmos is made of knowable laws and therefore manipulable with enough computing power looks irrefutable.The human body has a relevant scale for resurrection from the ion which is a negatively charged atom, to a group of people in an environment which no computer can accommodate yet. De Chardin's observation that a biological organism emerges at 10 billion cells and cooperation accelerates as it approaches that, seems to be happening as world population passes 7 billion. We are already engaging physics to the planck scale which is lengths to Planck length 1.616252×10−35 meters, your body includes scales of 10^3 - 10^-6 metres.
To argue the observable cosmos (thought by M Theory to be a bubble on an infinite membrane in a larger organization) is never going to come under the command of future science, is to attribute mystical properties to it. Our history shows growing mastery of the environment by evolution and tool making. Is there a limit to computational power with coming artificially intelligent machines? People have a right to any belief, but the evidence is that machines are doubling in complexity on provable trends, quantum mechanics makes even better predictions and retrodictions than classical physics in unobserved states, and man is getting mastery of his destiny, his biological body and his environment. He may well master cosmic forces.
But there is confusion about the quantum world, with many holding the view that it is not governed by laws because we cannot measure velocity and position and the observer affects experiments, and also because we can only make probabilistic predictions. as we build and send quantum robots into the world of the very small exciting new laws are sure to be discovered, and these will give us increased manipulation possibilities.
Archaeologists used plaster casting on the Pompeii citizens.
Time is a measure of relative position and is best called space-time. No past event is veiled from future forensics: unsolved deaths thousands of years ago are being revealed as murders by new techniques. In the future our very thoughts from the dawn of the world may be posted on to the Interplanetary Internet.
(Click to enlarge) Letter from Everett to De Witt about parallel worlds).
Everything that exists operates from laws, but they are so compounded by evolution in some systems, the system itself believes it is initiating them, rather than absolutely following them. The venus fly trap is no different from the bi-metal strip that bends in the heat. And the venus flytrap is a meat eating, part-moving plant related to Man.
Which is these is conscious?
The Venus Fly trap is as conscious as the bi-metal strip below.
Triggered by external stimuli...a hair trigger touched by an insect, or else heat forcing one metal side to expand faster than another and making the bi-metal strip bend....both systems are either conscious or causal or both, depending on your perspective. And so it is for men.
The brass and iron expand at different rates in heat , forcing the strip to bend and move the arrow.
Our bodies are made of millions such evolved tricks and size has nothing to do with it, as miniaturization demonstrates.
A consciousness or intelligence is a reflection of its environment, as the late philosopher Alan Watts noted, but transferring someone to a different time zone, perhaps a million years in the future, would not kill their consciousness, and once emerged can operate in a variety of environments, subject only to their physical survival. This theme has been well worked out in sci-fi.
PHILOSOPHICAL CHANGES IN THE HUMAN PSYCHE
People using a Quantum Archaeology Grid. (there are likely to be competing ones you can buy) are going to be able to witness your every movement and your every thought. That must follow from the axioms of quantum archaeology.
When that is generally realized, it may act to make people law abiding in thought and action - at least until post-human intelligence arrives.
It is likely in my view that were quantum archaeology to be accepted crime would necessarily fall, as people realized they could never conceal a crime however ingenious they were.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The Scientific method cant just be thrown away when examining parts of philosophy and it is easily memorized:
There are many parts to the Scientific Method which helps preventing blunders and delusions in our calculations. Occam's razor is incredibly important and demands we reduce to simplicity for accuracy.
The simplest explanation that fits all the facts must be the one that's accepted.
William of Ockham
Determinism seems an assault on the Man's uniqueness by seeming to eliminate free will, but this may be an error of dichotomy and the compatibility argument covers both views amicably. There are multi-perspectives and mankind but scratches the surface of what things are (Joe Davis @ MIT to me 2005).
According to Sir Roger Penrose the large and the small obey different laws so there couldn't be two of him.
Many-worlds interpretation Before the universal wavelength collapses from its superposition of parallel worlds, Penrose explained on how many worlds there are in the superposition: "There are an infinite number of infinities" (Gresham Lecture -to me 2004, citing Cantor). Almost all scientists in the field believe there are infinite parallel worlds, but Copenhagenists think they collapse & resolve into one world before each quantum event, rather than decohere from already existing states, splitting into parallel worlds. What matters is that parallel worlds are being used to build quantum machines and quantum computers.
This cup of philosophy looks very difficult because it is counter-intuitive (it has been said science generally is becoming counter-intuitive), and although the maths works out beautifully there are few experiments which support it, and why those experiments work is open to interpretation.
The Many Worlds theory works for the large and the small as one system, showing that everything can be analyzed as Cause and Effect, particles, waves or what physicists are now calling in the canteen, 'wavicles'. Its mathematics is elegant. Its rationale watertight. Whichever view is correct, most experts think there are many worlds.
In one world you are an athlete in another a pauper: 'yous' are separated by a single event of difference. It is utterly against our experience Our ego's reject it as impossible. It could well be wrong, but to Quantum Archaeology it doesn't matter. laws rule, and we will find them and use them. We will advance in reconstructions as new techniques are discovered pragmatically but necessarily using whatever works.
We can do quite a lot now. These NASA avatars can work on the moon from 2012, controlled by scientists on earth.
Frank Tiper thinks the cosmos is a closed system. Stephen Hawking that it is finite but unbounded. Joe Davis, artist in residence at MIT & Harvard that it is unknowable. Thales that it is made of Water. Dr David James a researcher at GlaxoWelcome that it is made of light. So far as Quantum Archaeology is concerned it doesn't matter, we will operate in the human level of existence and on the human scale of size from atoms in cells, to resurrect people in groups in defined environments, empowering them by introducing technology in a way that doesn't obliterate their identity not threaten anyone else.
It is sometimes a struggle to accept people are sets of events like grains of sand or rivers or mountains, - that you are sets of events - and draw up charts accordingly.
Statistically, QA conjectures we have enough points in the present to describe an archaeological matrix of any past event on the earth - probably back billions of years, and this includes any human being who has ever lived. This remains to be seen and QA is a pre-research area at present.
Like classical archaeology which is able to reconstruct objects from ancient times using surviving fragments, plus knowledge about similar objects, and probabilities, quantum archaeology will enable this by back-tracing using laws of cause and effect and probability with emerging mathematics and methods in vastly more sophisticated systems than we have today.
In an inflating universe there are always more present variables in the cosmos than there were in history, allowing enough information to be gathered to reconstruct any historical event down to the quantum particle.
To retrodict one specific event in history you could use several small sets of many billions of possible sets of data, and it is improbable enough relevant sets would not exist in the present for a complete and accurate resurrection.
before- as found in a bog:
After facial reconstruction: Of high status, Lindow Man was strangled in about 100CE a ceremony used by Roman occupiers on enemy leaders. We can faithfully recreate what he looked like but quantum archaeologists hope by 2030-45 we'll be able be able to bring him and his group back to life (Cheshire UK Before/after).
THE SKILL OF ESTIMATIONS
Estimation probability can become a very useful science because of cross-referencing. Probability estimation is magic to the quantum archaeologist! From very general figures amid loads of data, exact events may be mapped with great confidence. eg In year 1 there may be 100 events. But from it evolves by cause and effect a trillion events in the year 100. It follows that there are on average 100,000,000,000 events in year 100 from which to plot back to configure each event in year 1.
Those are good odds, and information for quantum resurrection is unlikely to be lost because of them. Many lines of them would probably give any one event exactly by retrodicting from known laws of science. Quantum archaeologists believe that since the universe is becoming increasing complex any group of variables should plot backwards to a time when there are fewer events.
Pioneer Archaeologist ('peer polity' inter alia) Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, who's approach was to try and understand how things worked.
Atomic measurement of dead people is the start of quantum archaeology.
That is the question! By observation and calculation certainly. The more observered the less is calculated. The more is calculated the less you need to observe. With enough powerful calculation you need almost no observation no surviving facts in the present. Almost everything can be done by equations and statistics. Almost everything can be reconstructed by mathematics deduction cross referencing timeline check points and probability.
Artist's reconstruction of Lucy (Australopithecus)
We can describe whole classes of hominids and with computing power of perhaps 10^42 operations per second (we have planned to build 10^18 ops in 2018) we would have enough processing power to reconstruct specific individuals in those classes, which means anyone in history.
In 2010 the University of Copenhagen reconstructed the entire nuclear genome of an extinct human being describing him to a high degree (Nature 463, 757-762 (11 February 2010) . This will be increasingly applied to reconstruct other events such as previously living human beings from mere fragmentary data, and where no specific data exists it will be deduced by massive and progressively accurate calculations. Eventually quantum archaeologist will be good enough to resurrect the ancient dead as far back as requested. probabilities will combine with sampling to such an accurate degree no one would challenge that it is faithful.
We will use hypercomuting...coming computers together with archaeology mathematics, especially statistics.
There are many ways to describe a deceased person to the Nth degree, for example using DNA from 5000 years ago which we have, all possible permutes to the present could be synthesized. Added to this we could factor in all possible environments. Once those are done, we could start eliminating the timelines that are known form historical and other data to be impossible.
So many eliminations will take place that the complete mind set for a specific person should be achievable. This seems an enormous amount of work taking thousands of man-years, but for coming computers it will may be done in seconds, with better accuracy than we may dare imagine.
Josep Burcet wrote in 2005 about a 'retrieval hypothesis' for recovering enough information about deceased people to effect a resurrection, citing Ervin Laszlo's 'Creative Cosmos' (below) where information is held indefinitely in the Quantum Vacuum until a fundamental change occurs in the cosmos, and the issue is how to extract it.
The idea behind time travel is that information about people exists but is back in time.
Everett's Many Worlds Theory implies that many future worlds will have only a few common ancestors. Moreover, as time advances, the number of events in the cosmos multiplies allowing checking of back tracing from different variables to common roots. Therefore enough variables will exist at any future time to resurrect any past event in infinite or near infinite worlds.
(click to enlarge) History is a timeline of events whose descendants exist in the present. Many attempts are being made to accurately trace them back into the past. Eventually everything will be mapped out even smaller than particles in the human brain.
If present trends that have held since the dawn of computing hold, then we will achieve manipulation of each atom of all human beings who have ever lived before 2045.
We are slowly reconfiguring space-time events in increasing detail and a thought is no different from a battle. It is merely a matter of scale- which is something computers are good at brushing aside.
We will not create alien beings out of fiction, but of our own ancestors; many of us will be their descendants and have direct kinship with them.
SIMULATED OR REAL RESURRECTION?
"Any illusion indistinguishable from reality IS reality."
Maxim of Witchcraft
A debate surfaces about the validity of a simulation in a machine, though few in science doubt such simulations will eventually be possible:
"Humans are interested in the past. Archaeologists scrutinize fragments of pottery and other broken artefacts, painstakingly piecing them together and attempting to reconstruct the cultures to which such objects belonged. Evolutionary biologists rely on fossil records and gene sequencing technologies to try and retrace the complex paths of natural selection. If the freely-compounding robot intelligences ultimately restructure space into an expanding bubble of cyberspace consuming all in its path, and if the post-biological entities inherit a curiosity for their past from the animals that helped create them, the 10^86 bits available would provide a powerful tool for post-human historians. They would have the computational power to run highly-detailed simulations of past histories- so detailed that the simulated people in those simulated histories think their reality is (real)." Extropia. Kurzweilai
There is no step difference between repairing someone manually or robotically; no step difference between using artificial materials inside a person to repair them - pacemakers, hips and internal microchips are increasingly used. At some stage each part of a human being will be adequately made by artificial parts, and after that since those constructed parts can be upgraded, the whole person can be artificial, with no obvious reason to ever die.
Once we have sufficient skill to do this, possibly in the 2020's based on biotechnology robotics and computing trends, it should be possible to load a complete person dynamic details into a computer. Once we have enough of them and also mapped out the environment and logged every historical event we can find (Watson of Jeopardy fame has already memorized wikipedia and many other data sources) it looks like it will be possible to generate a quantum archaeological grid of specifically detailed history reaching back many thousands of years, and yielding exact descriptions of anyone's detailed brains whop has ever lived.
The limits are the size of computers, and it is possible to accurately guess when they will be powerful enough to be adequate because their capacity growth follows trends like Moore's Law.
Vernor Vinge's prediction at NASA in 1993 that by 2030 technology will have sped so much what happens in the next second will be impossible to predict has many supporters, and if true quantum archaeology will be possible by then.
We live in the age of information. But we are moving into the age of biotechnology, followed by the age of robotics and after that, which is as far as anyone can see, the age of intelligent systems. There is no known limit to intelligence and its increase may be similar to transcendental numbers which keep calculating and never repeat themselves. If true intelligence in our cosmos at least may have to be regarded as a fundamental force of nature, and the way it interacts with other forces factored into prediction calculations.
AFTER THE MAP, THE REBUILDING
Once a quantum archaeology grid has been built and an individual's details extracted, microrobots can build them (or any other technical devices that have emerge from science).
If you produce a recipe or a map of a complete event, like a human being and all their memories at the instant of their death, it should be possible with technologies of the future to resurrect them. You could make lots of them.
Some find difficulty with problems of identity and some philosophers spend their careers pondering it.
Substrate independence- the idea each small piece of a human can be replaced without affecting the nature of a person has often been discussed in philosophy as the Ship of Theseus.
As each part of Theseus' ship is replaced is it the same ship?
Leibnitz' Identity of indiscernibles explains this in more detail and involves the idea that identical particles eg one atom of oxygen are interchangable. Robert Ettinger has dealt with identity in Chapter 8 of the Prospect of Immortality, which although drafted to deal with cryonics, is also relevant for quantum archaeology:-
"Striding eagerly into the new world, (the revived) feels like a new man. Is he?
Who is this resuscitee? For that matter, who am I and who are you?
Although most resuscitees will not represent such extreme cases-we hope most of us will be frozen by non damaging methods-nevertheless we cannot sidestep the issue. We are now face to face with one of the principal unsolved problems of philosophy and/or biology, which now becomes one of prime importance in an exceedingly practical way, namely that concerning the nature of "self."
What characterizes an individual? What is the soul, or essence, or ego? This seemingly abstruse question will shortly be seen to have ramifications in almost every area of practical affairs; it will be the subject of countless newspaper editorials and Congressional investigations, and will reach the Supreme Court of the United States.
We can bring the problem into better focus by putting it in the form of two questions. First, how can we distinguish one man from another? Second, how can we distinguish life from death?
Later I shall offer some tentative partial answers. First we can illuminate the question, and perceive some of its difficulties and subtleties, by considering a series of experiments. Some of these experiments are imaginary, but perhaps not impossible in principle, while others have actually been performed.
Experiment 1. We allow a man to grow older
Legally, he retains his identity; and also subjectively, and also in the minds of his acquaintances (usually). Yet most of the material of his body is replaced and changed; his memories change, and some are lost; his outlook and personality change.
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It is even possible that an old acquaintance, seeing him again after many years, might refuse to believe he is the same person. On first considering this experiment, we are apt to feel slightly disturbed, but to retain a vague conviction that "basically" the man is unchanged. We may feel that the physical and psychological continuity has some bearing on the question.
Experiment 2. We watch a sudden, drastic change in a man's personality and physique, brought about by physical damage, or disease, or emotional shock, or some combination of these. Such has often occurred.
Afterwards, there may be little resemblance to the previous man, mentally or physically. There may be "total" amnesia, although he may recover capability of speech.
Of course he retains, e.g., the same fingerprints, and the same genes. But it would be absurd to say the main part of a man is his skin; and identical twins have the same genes, yet are separate individuals.
Although the physical material of his body is the same stuff, he seems-and feels-like a different person. Now we are more seriously disturbed, because the main continuity is merely physical; there is a fairly sharp discontinuity in personality. One might say with some plausibility that a man was destroyed, and mother man was created, inheriting the tissues of his predecessor's body.
Experiment 3. We observe an extreme case of "split personality."
It is commonly believed that sometimes two (or even more) disparate personalities seem to occupy the same body, sometimes one exercising control and sometimes the other. Partly separate sets of memories may be involved. The two "persons" in the same body may dislike each other; they may be able to communicate
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only by writing notes when dominant, for the other to read when his turn comes.
We may be inclined to dismiss this phenomenon by talking about psychosis or pathology. This tendency is reinforced by the fact that apparently one of the personalities is usually eventually submerged, or the two are integrated, leaving us with the impression that "really" there was only one person all along. Nevertheless, the personalities may for a time seem completely distinct by behavioral tests, and subjectively the difference is obviously real. This may leave us with a disturbing impression that possibly the essence of individuality lies after all in the personality, in the pattern of the brain's activity, and in its memory.
Experiment 4. Applying biochemical or microsurgical techniques to a newly fertilized human ovum, we force it to divide and separate, thereby producing identical twins where the undisturbed cell would have developed as a single individual. (Similar experiments have been performed, with animals.)
An ordinary individual should probably be said to originate at the moment of conception. At any rate, there does not seem to be any other suitable time-certainly not the time of birth, because a Caesarean operation would have produced a living individual as well; and choice of any other stage of development of the foetus would be quite arbitrary.
Our brief, coarse, physical interference has resulted in two lives, two individuals, where before there was one. In a sense, we have created one life. Or perhaps we have destroyed one life, and created two, since neither individual is quite the same as the original one would have been.
Although it does not by any means constitute proof, the fact that a mere, crude, mechanical or chemical manipulation can "create a soul" suggests that such portentous terms as "soul"
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and "individuality" may represent nothing more than clumsy attempts to abstract from, or even inject into, a system certain "qualities" which have only a limited relation to physical reality.
Experiment 5. By super-surgical techniques (which may not be far in the future) we lift the brains from the skulls of two men, and interchange them.
This experiment might seem trivial to some. Most of us, after thinking it over, will agree it is the brain which is important, and not the arms, nor the legs, nor even the face. If Joe puts on a mask resembling Jim, he is still Joe; and even if the "mask" is of living flesh and extends to the whole body, our conclusion will probably be the same. The assemblage of Joe's brain in Jim's body will probably be identified as Joe. But at least two factors make this experiment non-trivial.
First, if the experiment were actually performed and not merely discussed, the emotional impact on the parties concerned would be powerful. The wives would be severely shaken, as would the subjects. Furthermore, Joe-in-Jim's-body would rapidly change, since personality depends heavily on environment, and the body is an important part of the brain's environment. Also, we may be willing to admit that Joe's arms, legs, face, and intestines are not essential attributes of Joe-but what about his testicles? If Joe-in-Jim's-body lies with one of their wives, he can only beget Jim's child, since he is using Jim's gonads. The psychiatric and legal problems involved here are formidable indeed.
Some people might be tempted to give up on Joe and Jim altogether, and start afresh with Harry and Henry. In one sense, this is an impractical evasion, since the memories, family rights and property rights cannot be dismissed. From another view, it may be a sensible admission that characterization of an individual is to some extent arbitrary.
Coming technologies may enable exact copies of living bodies. After that they will configure exact copies of persons long dead.
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Once again, the suggestion is that physical systems (i.e., real systems) must in the end be described by physical parameters (operationally) and that attempts to pin profound or abstract labels on them, or to categorize them in subjective terms, cannot be completely successful.
Experiment 6. By super-surgical techniques (not yet available) we divide a man s brain in two, separating the left and right halves, and transplant one half into another skull (whose owner has been evicted).
Similar, but less drastic, experiments have been performed. Working with split-brain monkeys, Dr. C. B. Trevarthen has reported that " . . . the surgically separated brain halves may learn side by side at the normal rate, as if they were quite independent." (121) This is most intriguing, even though the brains were not split all the way down to the brain stem, and even though monkeys are not men.
There is also other evidence in the literature which we can summarize, with certain simplifications and exaggerations, as follows. Either half of a brain can take over an individual's functions independently. Normally, one half dominates, and loss of the other half is not too serious. But even if the dominant half is removed, or killed, the other half will take over, learning the needed skills.
There is presently no conclusive evidence that so drastic an experiment as ours would necessarily succeed; but in principle, as far as I know, it might, and we are not at the moment concerned with technical difficulties.
If it did succeed, we would have created a new individual. If the left half was dominant, we might label the original individual Lr; the same skull containing the left half alone after surgery we might call L, and the right half alone, in a different skull after the operation, is R.
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L thinks of himself as being the same as Lr. R may also think of himself as Lr, recuperated after a sickness, but to the outside world he may seem to he a new and different, although similar, person.
In any case, R is now an individual in his own right, and regards his life to be as precious as anyone else's. He will cling to life with the usual tenacity, and if he sees death approaching will probably not be consoled by the knowledge that L lives on.
Even more interesting is the attitude of L, the formerly dominant half, now alone in the skull. Suppose that, before the operation, we had told Lr that the dominant half of his brain was diseased, and would have to be removed, but that the other half would take over, albeit with some personality changes and possibly some loss of memory. He would be worried and disturbed, certainly-but he would probably not regard this as a death sentence. In other words, Lr would be consoled well enough by the assurance that R would live on. Yet after the splitting, and transplanting operation, L would regard his own destruction as death, and it would not satisfy him that R lived on, in another body.
This experiment seems to suggest again that, psychologically if not logically, the physical continuity is an important consideration.
Experiment 7. A man is resuscitated after a short period of clinical death, with some loss of memory and some change in personality.
This experiment has actually been performed many times. (97) Death was real by the usual clinical tests (no respiration, no heartbeat) but of course most of the cells remained alive, and most people would say that he had not "really" died, and that he was certainly the same person afterward. This experiment is important only as background for the following ones.
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Experiment 8. A man dies, and lies unattended for a couple of days, passing through biological death and cellular death. But now a marvel occurs; a space ship arrives from a planet of the star Arcturus, carrying a super-surgeon of an elder race, who applies his arts and cures the man of death and decay, as well as his lesser ailments.
(It is not, of course, suggested that any such elder race exists; the experiment is purely hypothetical, but as far as we know today it is not impossible in principle.)
The implications are apt to shake us. If decay is to be regarded as just another disease, with a possibility of cure, then when may the body be considered truly dead? If "truly" dead be taken to mean "permanently" dead, then we may never know when we are in the presence of death, since the criterion is not what has already happened to the man, but what is going to hap pen to him in the (endless?) future.
Experiment 9. A man dies, and decays, and his components are scattered. But after a long time a super-being somehow collects his atoms and reassembles them, and the man is recreated.
Once more, the difficulty or even impossibility of the experiment is not important. We also disregard the question of the possibility of identifying individual elementary particles. Is it the "same" man, in spite of the sharp physical discontinuity in time? If memory, personality, and physical substance are all the same, perhaps most of us would think so, even though we are disturbed by the black gulf of death intervening. But if we so admit, we must open the door even wider.
Experiment 10. We repeat the previous experiment, but with a less faithful reproduction, involving perhaps only some of the original atoms and only a moderately good copy. Is it still the same man?
We are doing things once thought impossible- it has much further to go.
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Again, perhaps, we wonder if there is really any such thing as an individual in any clear cut and fundamental sense.
Experiment 11. We repeat experiment 10, making a moderately good reconstruction of a man, but this time without trying to use salvaged material.
Now, according to the generally accepted interpretation of quantum theory, there is in principle as well as in practice no way to "tag" individual particles, e.g. the atoms or molecules of a man's brain; equivalent particles are completely indistinguishable, and in general it does not even make sense to ask whether the atoms of the reconstructed body are the "same" atoms that were in the original body. Those unfamiliar with the theory, who find this notion hard to stomach, may consult any of the standard texts.
If we accept this view, then a test of individuality becomes still more difficult, because the criteria of identity of material substance and continuity of material substance become difficult or impossible to apply.
Experiment 12. We discover how to grow or to construct functional replicas of the parts of the brain - possibly biological in nature, possibly mechanical, but at any rate distinguishable from natural units by special tests, although not distinguishable in function. The units might be cells, or they might be larger or smaller components. Now we operate on our subject from time to time, in each operation substituting some artificial brain parts for the natural ones. The subject notices no change in him - self, yet when the experiment is finally over, we have in effect a "robot"!
Does the "robot" have the same identity as the original man?
Experiment 13. We perform the same experiment as 12, but more quickly.
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In a single, long operation, we keep replacing natural brain components with artificial ones (and the rest of the body likewise) until all the original bodily material is in the garbage disposal, and a "robot" lies on the operating table, an artificial man whose memories and personality closely duplicate those of the original.
Perhaps some would feel the "robot" was indeed the man, basing the identity in the continuity, on the fact that there was never a sharp dividing line in time where one could say man ended and robot began. Others, well steeped in democracy and willing to apply political principles to biology, might think the robot was not the man, and ceased to be the man when half the material was artificial.
The subject himself, before the operation, would probably regard it as a death sentence. And yet this seems odd, since there is so little real difference between experiments 13 and 12; 13 merely speeds things up. Perhaps sufficient persuasion could convince the subject that the operation did not represent death; he might even be made to prefer a single operation to the nuisance of a series of operations.
Experiment 14. We assume, as in the previous two experiments, that we can make synthetic body and brain components. We also assume that somehow we can make sufficiently accurate nondestructive analyses of individuals. We proceed to analyse a subject, and then build a replica or twin of him, complete with memories.
Does the identity of our subject now belong equally to the "robot" twin? It might seem absurd to say so, but compare the previous experiment. There is scarcely any difference, especially since in 13 the subject was under anaesthesia during the operation; 13 was virtually equivalent to destroying the subject, then
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building a robot twin. The only real difference between 13 and 14 is that in 14 both the original and the duplicate survive.
Experiments 15, 16, and 17. We repeat experiments 12, 13, and 14 respectively, but instead of using artificial parts we use ordinary biological material, perhaps obtained by culturing the subject's own cells and conditioning the resultant units appropriately. Does this make any difference?
In logic, one would think perhaps not, but blood is thicker than water. Some people might make a different decision on 15 and 16 than on 12 and 13.
Experiment 18. We assume the truth of an assertion sometimes heard, viz., that in certain types of surgery a patient under certain types of anaesthesia suffers pain, although he does not awaken and afterwards does not remember the pain. The experiment consists in performing such an operation.
Most of us do not fear such operations, because we remember no pain in previous experiences, and because authoritative persons assure us we need not worry. Even a warning that the pain under anaesthesia is real is unlikely to disturb us much, if we are not of very nervous temperament. Still less do we fear ordinary deep anaesthesia, in which there seems to be no pain on any level, even though for the conscious mind this gulf is like that of death. Yet a child, or a person of morbid imagination, might be intensely frightened by these prospects.
Thus again we note a possible discrepancy between the logical and the psychological.
Experiment 19. A Moslem warrior is persuaded to give his life joyfully in a "holy war," convinced that the moment his throat is cut he will awaken in Paradise to be entertained by houris.
The synapse...the most complex machine known- and still a mystery.
An artificial synapse has been attempted in Germany 2012
We draw the obvious but useful conclusion that, from the
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standpoint of present serenity, it is merely the prospect of immortality that is important.
Experiment 20. We pull out all the stops, and assume we can make a synthetic chemical electronic mechanical brain which can, among other things, duplicate all the functions of a particular human brain, and possesses the same personality and memory as the human brain. We also assume that there is complete but controlled interconnection between the human brain and the machine brain: that is, we can, at will, remove any segments or functions of the human brain from the joint circuit and replace them by machine components, or vice versa.
In a schematic sense, then, we envisage each of the two brains, the biological one and the mechanical one, as an electronic circuit spread out on a huge "bread board" with complete accessibility. From the two sets of components, by plugging in suitable leads, we can patch together a single functioning unit, the bypassed elements simply lying dormant.
To make the picture simpler and more dramatic, let us also assume the connections require only something like radio communication, and not a physically cumbersome coupling.
We might begin the experiment with the man fully conscious and independent, and the machine brain disconnected and fully dormant. But now we gradually begin disconnecting nerve cells or larger units in the man's brain, simultaneously switching in the corresponding units of the machine. The subject notices no change - yet when the process is completed, we "really" have a machine brain controlling a "zombie" human body!
The machine also has its own sensory organs and effectors. If we now cut off the man's sensory nerves and motor leads and simultaneously activate those of the machine, the first subjective change will occur, namely, an eerie transportation of the senses from one body to another, from the man's to the machine's.
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This might be enjoyable: perhaps the machine's sense organs are more versatile than the man's, with vision in the infra-red and other improvements, and the common personality might feel wonderful and even prefer to "live" in the machine.
At this stage, remember, the man is entirely dormant, brain and body, and the outside observer may be inclined to think he is looking at an unconscious man and a conscious machine, the machine suffering from the curious delusion that it is a man controlling a machine.
Next, we reactivate the components of the man's brain, either gradually or suddenly, simultaneously cutting off those of the machine, but leaving the machine's sensors plugged in and the sensors of the human body disconnected. The subject notices no change, but we now have a human brain using mechanical senses, by remote control. (We disregard such details as the ability of the human optical centre to cope with infra-red vision, and the duplication of the new memories.)
Finally, we switch the human effectors and sensors back in, leaving the man once more in his natural state and the machine quiescent.
If we perform this sort of exchange many times, the subject may become accustomed to it, and may even prefer to "inhabit" the machine. He may even view with equanimity the prospect of remaining permanently "in" the machine and having his original body destroyed. This may not prove anything, but it suggests once more that individuality is an illusion.
Discussion and Conclusion. In discussing these hypothetical experiments we have touched on various possible criteria of individuality-identity of material substance, continuity of material substance, identity of personality and memory, continuity of personality and memory-and seen that none of these is
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wholly satisfactory. At any rate, none of these, nor any combination, is both necessary and sufficient to prove identity.
One cannot absolutely rule out the possibility that we have missed the nub of the matter, which may lie in some so far intangible essence or soul. However, such a notion seems inconsistent with the ease with which man can instigate, modify, and perhaps actually create life, and with several of our experiments.
The simplest conclusion is that there is really no such thing as individuality in any profound sense. The difficulty arises from our efforts first to abstract generalities from the physical world, and then to regard the abstractions, rather than the world, as the basic reality. A rough analogy will help drive home the point:
The classification "man" is useful, but not sharply definable. Is a freak a man? Is an aborted foetus a man? Is a pre-Neanderthal or other "missing link" a man? Is a corpse a man if some of the cells are still alive? And so on. A label is handy, but objects may be tagged arbitrarily. In the physical world there is no definite collection of objects which can be called "men," but only shifting assemblages of atoms organized in various ways, some of which we may choose to lump together for convenience."
Where an entire human being is held in a computer simulation it should be easier to envisage retrodictions to all our ancestors and living reconstructions being mathematically and technologically viable.
No event happens in isolation, but is caused by myriad events that hurtle forward changing yet other events in the future.Computers should be able to plot backwards and reconstruct them to the neurons and synapses.
Tipler describes the principle of identity, that if you make a good enough copy, it is the same event. Quantum Archaeology asserts that resurrection will take place long before the final state of the universe and is dependent only on mathematics computing and technology successes, likely to here before 2045 when computing equals group human intelligence, and this is anticipated by trend graphs..
Robert Ettinger describes 20 experiments to find what identity is in chapter 8 of The Prospect of Immortality (free online), and by Oxford philosopher Professor Derek Parfit.
Other issues are the computing capacity needed, and the social and legal difficulties of raising the dead.
Egyptians prepared important people for resurrection
Quantum Archaeology is assuming any person is a combination of knowable particles. These particles are interchangable with similar others without loss of identity.
World's largest radiocarbon dating lab uses atomic observation and calculation.
COMMON OBJECTIONS
Q.A. IS IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE OF ENTROPY
"The 2nd law of thermodynamics has the same degree of truth as the statement that if you throw a tumblerful of water into the sea, you cannot get the same tumblerful of water out again." James Clerk Maxwell d.1879
Although Maxwell had no concept of computers, on the surface this seems an insurmountable obstacle. Things decay. Information gets lost.
As information breaks down, it takes progressively more energy to restore it. Order demands more energy than disorder. When there was assumed to be only one universe, that meant our cosmos would undergo a heat death into a luke warm radiation.
Modern science as M - Theory, now posits there are zillions of universes bubbling off from infinite branes.
They are all potential energy sources. There is no longer a cap on how much information we can recover since we can gather energy from other worlds.
The pathways to reconstruction are many....far more than we need - to construct any one event like a human synapse, and it is further evidence that quantum archaeology is viable.
Indeed the whole of scientific detection and forensic science fulcrums on the fact that the lost past can be constructed by deduction from events in the present.
The criticism of the theory is that too much information is lost for ever on death and the destruction of the body. Death is not a special category that our superstitious past impelled us to believe through fear, but an event like any other. A mystical spirit doesn't need to be involved in a cause and effect process.
Could entropy not imply abstract chaos but presently unmeasurable complexity? A shuffled pack of card would be impossible for a lower primate to order, but it is no problem to something like a human who is more skilled at using intelligent thinking processes like pattern matching, deduction and cross checking knowing the law of suits.
It may seem impossible to reconstruct the exact deck of cards that has just been shuffled after it has been ordered in suits, but this is not so: the shuffled deck of cards didn't achieve apparently random order by chance but by the actions of the intermediary...the shuffler. All those actions absolutely and completely existed solely by the laws of physics. If you could simulate the man, the cards and the conditions, it is reasonable to suppose you could simulate the order he shuffled in.
http://www.inspiration.com/community/system/files/cards+experiment.jpg
Like a pack of cards, everything in the cosmos follows laws.
Just as Lavoisier proved the mass in a closed systems always remains the same..no matter what you do to things in it, so the order in a system is always the result of all the things it has come into contact with to that point.
This is in direct conflict with our ego which has a vested interest in believing it has freedom, but everything that exists is the sum of what has gone before it in its subjective state. There are no exceptions in the classical world and we dont understand the quantum world yet.
The number of surviving points in the present from which we can back trace to what existed years ago is much larger than the size we need to calculate events in history, because, in our time line, events multiply with time. If you wanted to configure a person's DNA and he left 4 sons that would be 4 starting points to assist your calculation. As time went on he may have 20 great grandchildren and these could help calculations. You could begin sketching in what cousins and relations could and could not be. Each event calculated along one trajectory would not give a definite event yet, but a certain minimum number would do that. Such conclusions by trajectories into the past involve the science of probability. The tool of probability calculation is well advanced and will get much better as time goes on. It is highly likely we will be able to probablize details thought lost forever, and be able to do it on presently immeasurably small particles as well as on big ones. From seemingly unrelated facts in the present a complete archaeological history will be revealed in breathtaking detail. Good enough to bring people back.
BRAIN PARTICLES DECAY IRRETRIEVABLY
Yes many, most or all decay, but there are so many ancestor states from any one event that you can configure by logic where they must have been at any given time by back-plotting from known data available in the present. You can even do this now, using classical methods.
Because there are many more events in the present than the past, many points will back-plot to exactly the same event in history: you dont need all of them to get a definitive reading!
Facial Reconstruction of Alexander the Great's father
THE QUANTUM WORLD IS NON-DETERMINISTIC AND CANT BE MANIPULATED
The quantum world obeys laws. We are on the edge of discovering what laws exist, and when we have enough we will be able to make minutely accurate predictions. the predictions in quantum mechanics are famously much more accurate than classical mechanics. we know that quantum systems are reversible so long as no one observes what's happening, and quantum theory supports not destroys quantum archaeology's assertions.
Coming machine and artificial systems will be sophisticated and clever perhaps more than anything we have imagined today.
We are already manipulating some quantum particles and have been since before the first atomic experiments when Rutherford split the atom in 1917.
The atomic force microscope (1989) has been used for measuring, and manipulating matter at the nanoscale, and more powerful devices are inevitable.
The Atomic Force Microscope can observe and manipulate quantum particles.
Thus as we produce more and better manipulation capabilities at smaller and smaller levels, we will be able to move quantum particles with more precision. Computers are uniquely good at handling the vast number crunching calculations that will be needed to retrodict where particles have come from, and reconfigure and map the co-ordinates.
When sufficient space-time points have been matrixed, all relevant points of a person and their memories will be inevitably calculated, allowing any long deceased person to be drafted, similar to drafting someone's DNA sequence.
When the map of the person has been established and cross-checked, it may be taken to be made up in an atomic robotic assembly hospital.
Each event has a traceable pathway in space-time.
There are many more events in the present than in the past so tracing anyone who has died is easier than constructing someone in the present or future. In our universe history is shaped like a cone:
It should be possible to "see" back into the past using coming calculating machines.
TECHNOLOGY IS ACCELERATING MAN'S STRUCTURE
Neanderthal 4,500 years ago (archaeological surface reconstruction of a particular individual).
Projection of imminent robots (before 2025) that will work while we sleep.
DOES QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY DEPEND ON QUANTUM
COMPUTERS?
'Hypercomputation would be necessary only if time is limited. If time unlimited, then classical computation would do' Kurzweilai.net forum. Classical computing is growing on a known trajectory and eventually our computers will be powerful enough to calculate histories without quantum computers. However if we are in a race against coming catastrophes like global warming, then there may be a limit.
It is a case of how accurate our measurements and deductions can be. Every action leaves a chain of actions from it. One way to think of it is like a snooker table; by taking measurements like the speed and position of the balls in play you can deduce where they must have come from since the last hit. in a bid enough simulation, i.e. a machine having enough processing power, you would be able to reconstruct the snooker room as well! The speed and position of an electron may be a mystery, but whether we can reverse quantum systems is not. They are absolutely reversible.
Quantum computers are about to change science
"Quantum computing can handle 128 Qbits and that number will grow. There is excitement about.the size of calculation quantum computers will achieve- far vaster than anything we could need however the more calculations they do the less accurate they are proportionately and there is no known way round this." The former paragraph was correct on 27th February 2012, but on 29th February 2012 IBM announced it had found a way to begin cancelling the errors in quantum calculations with increasing fidelity and quantum computing was achievable. If this is correct it changes everything in this essay and quantum archaeology can be easily achieved using quantum computers alone.
Classical computers are growing enormously powerful. Mathematical methods are progressing as well as brute force to be able to give simulations and symbolic simulations of increasing complexity. It is only a matter of time before people and groups of people are simulated then it will be possible to retrodict or back plot people long dead and their memories, which are expressed as the positions of molecules in their brains.
Japan's K computer was the world's fastest when thi8s essay was begun at 10.51 petaflops, - only a fraction of the power that is coming.
YOU NEED SUB-ATOMIC DETAILS OF DISPERSED MEMORY?
The brain is made of molecules and atoms, and sub-atomic particles may be pretty irrelevant in reconstruction. Once the molecular cells are correctly reconstructed they are likely to generate their chemical and electromagnetic properties. For instance once you have correctly rebuilt a person's endocrine system it will begin producing the correct hormones. Quantum archaeology aims to reconstruct the cells of the body, inclining those upon which memory is premised working upwards from prababized DNA's and the environment.
Quantum particles need not concern us. However if they are needed, these too will be calculable by retrodiction, following the same principle...that there are many loci points in the present from which to calculate backwards and reconstruct the deceased.
Memory is important, and you must have rights to any memories that are recoverable by coming techniques. Companies may well be set up to retrieve personal memories in more and more detail that you can buy, and as we live without death, there will be plenty of time to buy them!
But a person is much more than just conscious memories and includes all the machinery of the brain and body...many of which can be simply restored by replications of DNA accurate bodies.
A probability graph can show how likely a given event is to occur.
Future computers will combine trillions of these at trillions of event scales..
EXACTLY HOW MUCH COMPUTING POWER IS NEEDED?
We are going to be manipulating far fewer than the number of atoms in the earth if we resurrect using atomic manipulation. We need to configure an equation for any given who has ever lived and we need the maths and computing to do it. If we have very little maths, we need very big processing power, and if we have very big maths, we need relatively little processing power. That is the power of mathematics, it is systems for pattern spotting and short cuts to manipulate vast numbers.
Estimates of 10/\40 operations per second have been mentioned as what is needed . This is a vast number: 10/\18 will be here in 2018-22 by Moore's Law. By 2030 post-human artificial intelligence is expected as techniques and technologies like super-recursive algorithms and quantum computers will have far surpassed one human brain in processing capacity. A recursion paradigm will emerge based on how far and fast they can improve themselves. It is expected to be very fast leading to a technological singularity by 2045...a point after which improvements are so rapid no predictions can be made.
It would be astonishing if machines can not match and surpass human intelligence because it would mean there is some aspect of biological intelligence which is beyond our science. But nothing shows that so far, and brain simulations are progressively accurate.
Too much data to process/it is too far back in time/brains have finally disintegrated, are all objections boiling down to the same thing: whether we can extract the needed information from vast amounts of data and how much calculation power can be muster?
A guide to amounts we are likely to be able to manipulate are plotable on trend graphs. This is a famous one by Hans Moravec:
http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/talks/revo.slides/power.aug.curve/power.aug.gif
(Click to enlarge)
Human work is being replaced by machines that do it billions of times better and faster. But no post human general machines have been achieved yet.
It is worth repeating that computer capacity needed for a task decreases the more maths is involved.
The more representation or abstraction you use, the less computer crunching you need. Maths is about finding short cuts to massive tasks, utilizing patterns.
Conversely the more computing power you have the less maths you will need.
Trial and error combinations are ;produced in computers at massive speeds. A process of discarding is incited where any timelines that are in conflict with known checkpoints of history are thrown away. This process of refining will go on and on until you are left with the distilled map of the person to be resurrected at the time of their death. Final checks can be made with other timelines and other resurrectee maps, and when we are sure we have the correct description, the person can be built by millions of small robots.
It's meaningless to talk of computing size without mathematical capacity. I dont know what size a computation would be needed with today's maths (if I could ever guess that accurately!) as individual mathematicians have curious ways of short cuts and equations, much probably unpublished despite the internet, so it's hard to say what is possible mathematically.
Present computing can handle incredibly accurate retrodiction because of statistical sampling. We will do progressively more detailed reconstructions using machine intelligence as it becomes available.
The brain/memory is the holy grail, but it is a blunder to think they are somehow outside the laws of science or different from eg skin cells except by size, which is only a question of factoring up.
Those factors are probably large like in the synapse but there aremany techniques to slash the multiples. eg the brain has an integrity and if parts of it are wiped by a stroke the rest can completely compensate without any memory loss. This must mean that reconstructions involve laws, which as they are being discovered in the human brain project, enables massive inflation from a much smaller number of formulas.
What laws govern what can and cant be held in memory reduces to how the physical structure of the brain, presumably compacted as DNA programmes is itself but a small set of possible combinations for retrodiction skills to modify per resurectee.
It is thought that by 2020 we will be able to do more general calculations than one human brain can presently do. At some stage in the future we will be able to simulate the local world and run it backwards and forwards with astonishing accuracy.
While some information has decayed much has remained reconfigurable, and from that the whole of the human past should. be possible to reconfigure at complex grids. You could then select anyone at all and produce the exact equation for them at any point in their lives. Companies may compete to offer resurrection of deceased loved ones sooner than is immediately obvious because of exponential growths of technology.
The rate of progress is speeding up...and that speeding up is itself speeding up. It is no longer a safe bet to say something is impossible because it is very complex.
Simulations of the entire universe are growing in detail and at some future point will have enough sophistication to model the whole of human history down to sub-atomic levels.
"Within a quarter century, nonbiological intelligence will match the range and subtlety of human intelligence. It will then soar past it because of the continuing acceleration of information-based technologies, as well as the ability of machines to instantly share their knowledge." Ray Kurzweil
By December 2011 the Korea Institute for Advanced Study in Seoul had used the Tachyon II supercomputer with 157,392GB of disk space and over 26,232 processing cores to build a simulation of the early universe. The processing took 20 days, despite the supercomputer being one of the world's fastest. This was 8800 times bigger than a similar construction 6 years before, playing with 374,000,000,000 particles instead of 10,000,000,000 in 2005 compared to just 300 particles in 1970 at Princeton.
[Click for higher resolution image.]
High-resolution simulation of a galaxy hosting a super-luminous supernova and its chaotic environment in the early Universe. Credit: Adrian Malec and Marie Martig (Swinburne University).
'Moore's law describes a long-term trend in the history of computing hardware: the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years (or 18 months)' wikipedia.
It doesn't matter whether Moore's law is a self-fulfilling prophesy or a natural law, because companies use it to plan computing developments, which ensures faster and more complex computation.
Ray Kurzweil has plotted trends of speed up and declared a Law of Accelerating Returns is valid. The underlying acceleration of technology is faster than it seems.
http://emergentbydesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/chaissonphicurve.jpg
WORK BEING DONE
Much work is being done in many fields which must converge successfully if quantum archaeology is to be a reality.
The most important of these is undoubtedly A.I. Artificial Intelligence was tabled as a separate discipline in 1956 by John MacCarthy,
"... to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves."
Despite difficulties that involved governments withdrawing funding and calling A.I. workers 'crackpots' ((the 'A.I. winter') a few people kept going in it and it revived by 2000 to become used in every part of technological society, though the elusive general problem solving machine that matched human capacity even of one brain has not been achieved at the time of writing this.
As the brain is made of sub-systems, in turn made of sub-systems and at the smallest biological level these are increasingly being simulated and described, it is a matter of time alone before we can replicate the intelligence part of the brain (much of which controls the bodies functions) and once we have replicated it in models, to make bigger and bigger general intelligences, just as have been made in the animal kingdom, which we are also studying with accelerating success.
It is already clear that size of brain does not command higher intelligence, but clear that neuron number in the neocortex is what counts.
Reverse engineering a complete map of the brain is regarded as so important for mankind's future that it has been labelled the Human Brain Project and many organizations and visionaries are racing to fund it.
By 2030 because of trends in science we are likely to have machines that far excel human capabilities, and that are recursive or self-improving.
That will speed up mutation times on a predictable acceleration. Ray Kurzweil has calculated that by 2045 the speed of innovation will have reached a technological singularity after which predictions break down.
But scientific predictions are notorious false in technology: there are list of famous, now hilarious ones, including by IBM who stated there was no commercial need for more than 5 computers in the world. Although we have a right to be cautious, what is easier to state is that progress will continue, and from the work being done, highly intelligent systems are going to emerge.
In 2012 a detailed 2 neuron chip and synapse was built at MIT with about 400 transistors to mimic a human synapse, and it is certain this will get more and more detailed.
Eventually we are going to make them better and faster than human ones and link up trillions in software distributed programmes, simulating the largest intelligence in human history. Such systems will solve problems of human illness, but also discover including how to build more intelligent ones with intelligences beyond human comprehension.
These will be superintelligences and quantum archaeologists will rush to utilize their retrodiction capacities. which will surely be subatomic in detail.
We are going quite far by long hand already!
Recently scientists extracted 139 genetic sequences from organisms. They then calculated backwards to find their most likely ancestors using "ancestral gene resurrection and manipulative genetic experiments to determine how the complexity of an essential molecular machine—the hexameric transmembrane ring of the eukaryotic V-ATPase proton pump—increased hundreds of millions of years ago."
What is astounding is that they managed to pin point an evolutionary event 800 million years ago by deduction from present day data, which they then confirmed by trials in living yeast. They synthesized the DNA inserting it into yeast to test whether it functioned and found it successfully produced a fully functioning proton pump (Gregory C. Finnigan et al., Evolution of increased complexity in a molecular machine, Nature, 2012). "Our strategy was to use 'molecular time travel' to reconstruct and experimentally characterize all the proteins in this molecular machine just before and after it increased in complexity," said the study's senior author Dr.Joe Thornton.
This is an example of first stages in quantum archaeology, using present day computing which is very crude to those expected in the coming years.
"Advances in DNA sequencing, however, have allowed us to calculate what the earlier proteins must have looked like. And scientists have now started to engineer DNA sequences that "resurrect" these long dead proteins, and examine how they function. In the latest work of this sort, a team has resurrected parts of an ancient molecular machine, and shown how some of its specialized protein components evolved." John Timmer Ars Technica 2012.
University of Minnesota scientists using similar techniques have 'resurrected' life forms last seen at the beginning of the Cambrian explosion 530 million years ago (January 16 2012 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences).
These tiny steps, almost unnoticed in the vastness of scientific work, alert the careful historian to the coming of archaeological revolution.
RESURRECTIONS ALREADY ACHIEVED
Since the debate began in technology and statistics techniques have succeeded exactly as envisaged to prove resurrection of past events, including in classes of dead species, is a reality.
It isn't just physical advances but advances in calculation and volume efficiency in data mining that enable resurrection of past patterns.
Presently we are aiming at resurrecting classes of past events: a mammoth, a DNA sequence, but in future we will be aiming to resurrect individuals within that class....a specific mammoth or a specific man and indeed we are doing so with facial and body features where there is physical remains or imprint traces already.
A proton pump from 100 million years ago was successfully recreated in a living yeast cell in 2012 at the University of Oregon.
Stephen A. Benner at the Benner Laboratory was an originator of the field of experimental paleogenetics, where genes and proteins from ancient organisms are resurrected using bioinformatics and recombinant DNA technology.
Mechanisms have been rebuilt, demonstrably accurate, of organisms 600 million years old using deduction and probability eg at University of Oregon's lab by Joe Thornton in synthetic biology "...by re-engineering proteins as they existed in the past, we can test hypothesis about their functions and mutations that caused them ....Given [the] phylogeny and the extant sequences, at any side in the sequence we can infer the most likely ancestral state using a maximum likelihood algorithm....we then use synthetic biology to synthesise that DNA."
Helen Pearson: Prehistoric proteins: Raising the dead : Nature 2012
Evolution isn't random but inevitable and follow knowable laws. Computational phylogenetics can be synthesised with other techniques to state what organic material was hundreds of millions of years ago.
Organic matter like human brains, is easier to calculate than inorganic material, because they follow fewer (evolutionary) rules, or at least they are narrower. So many data bases are being created that the scienece of syntesing them is already a profession, leading to counter-intuitive results about what the past was.
In 2012 scientists reconstructed the recreation of an ancient cricket's love song from a 165 million year old fossil of Archaboilus musicus.
As we reassemble body parts from creatures and organisms hundreds of millions of years old, is it too much of a leap of foresight to think we will complete the Quantum Archaeology Grid and infer deduce and probalizing individuals and their living brains?
We sketch classes of the ancient dead, and occasionally specific individuals at a surface layer only. Eventually we must surely reconstruct exact individuals and groups in amazing enough detail to bring them back to life.
The deflation of technology falls on a trendable graph plot eg the human genome can be mapped for a fraction of the cost 10 years ago and while everyone's DNA will be routinely mapped as gene therapy medicines become available, they all point back in time to common ancestors. so there are many time line to trace back to single events in the past. We will be able to map our ancestors DNA long before we can retrodict their memories at the point of death.
The Siberian Mammoth Museum and Japan’s Kinki University, are on a 5 year project to resurrect the woolly mammoth.
Ghengis Khan searched for immortality, but was told it was impossible.His fabulous tomb remains undiscovered by the Kentii mountain range in Mongolia.
WHAT IS AN ARCHAEOLOGY MATRIX?
I have covered this in more detail as the Quantum Archaeology Grid. Below is what a portion of it may look like (drawn from The Matrix).
Quantum Archaeology will use computer a matrix that is in motion to reconfigure near infinite space-time points to that past events can be described. Then atomic robots will reassemble. This is a frozen moment under the threshold of human biochemical actions at sub-cellular levels. It is not necessary to probability excavate for most of the reconstructions.
It should be possible to construct a matrix of history to quantum levels
using probabilities, in order to resurrect whole groups together.
A subset of the Quantum Archaeology Grid, an Archaeology Matrix is a dimension grid of check points like a three dimensional log table, and you would be able to read off points of relevance to fill in complete people. The checkpoints help locate positioning of the artefact you are trying to recreate from the past.
The world is a particle, wave, or event matrix of check points and many groups and people will help to build its archaeological structure like a family tree or Human Genome data base., It may be in everyone's interests to do so. The Archaeology Matrix could become a valuable tool for recreations and will be as detailed as our progressive technology allows.
IT HASN'T BEEN DONE YET
Objections from cryonics founder the 'suspended' Professor Robert Ettinger that a theoretically objective perspective may not encompass a subjective one - which should also be assigned validity, and may be much more important for survival in human terms - is hard to dispel. He has urged caution in quantum archaeology and gives the example of the human mind uploaded into a robot to demonstrate:
“...it may eventually be possible to simulate as large a portion of spacetime as desired, to any desired degree of accuracy. But that does not necessarily mean that a simulated person would be alive in our sense, i.e. capable of having subjective experiences.... A simulation is a description of a thing and not the thing itself.”
and again
“In general, the map is not the territory. A description of a thing is not the thing, except in the case that the "thing" is itself an abstraction or description. In particular, a description of a physical object is not that object and lacks some of the properties of the object, as well as including some properties that the object does not have. Further, an automaton that behaves like a person is not necessarily a person, i.e. alive in our sense, capable of subjective experience or feeling. In other words, a person has qualia. A quale is a physical state or phenomenon, not yet understood, but not necessarily duplicable in inorganic matter."- Robert Ettinger 2007, 2008 (to me).
Robert seems to be saying that there is something one cant describe about a person. You can ask him yourself as he's covered both ways: quantum archaeologically and also he's been cryonically suspended since engaging in this debate (an unreplyably good argument!).
The objection from qualia is a nightmare for many physicists as there is no way to disprove it nor prove it, and history has been a progression of more complex denouements about the specialness of Man. While it is true we would be foolish to assert we know everything about the composition of the brain...we clearly do not understand it yet...there is good reason to believe we will be able to completely map it and simulate it in the coming decades, and possibly as early 2020-30.
At that point simulation could be tweaked to make larger brain and theoretically yield superintelligence. Even if we are out by several factors in guessing complexity, we will at some stage be able to simulate accurately. After that we will be able to make computer simulations of past brains by retrodiction from current known coordinates.
General Relativity Professor Roger Penrose has stated that we may not know everything necessary about the brain and has advanced an idea about quantum gravity acting at the synapses to explain the deeper manifestations of human consciousness. Should this theory be correct it will reduce our workings by factors of size and not disprove our underlying method, that by applying the laws of science to probability and observation we can reconstruct things from the past that are indistinguishable from what they were.
(Click to enlarge) Synapse self-organising map,
Some philosophers have criticized transhumanism on the grounds that it is an argument to the future -banned in philosophy- and that transhumanist's absence of of a subjective valuation system for Man except as an object, is dangerous.
Extropians rebuff this by asserting the theory values Man so much it attempts a survival strategy for the assumed dead as well as for the living!
Another objection from quantum mechanics is that retrodiction traces myriad histories, not just one common past, and therefore it would be impossible to calculate the exact person as required. This is refuted on the grounds that Many Worlds Theory has returned cosmology to determinism, and the sheer scale of the calculation involved baffles people into believing it is not possible.
We may well describe many worlds, but there are likely to be ways of calculating which exact world we wish to resurrect artefacts....living or non-living....from.
Anything that has existed or will exist has definite pathways, however many parallel worlds split, and therefore are always calculable. The aim is not to capture the actual person from the past, but only to calculate their space-time or other coordinates to the Nth degree, and then to reconstruct them in the present.Ötzi, the 5,300-year-old mummy from the Alps
WHAT WILL BE RESURRECTED?
It is even now possible to resurrect a clone of some mammals including Neanderthal Man, so some form of immortality is possible with present technology; the real challenge is retrieving everyone's memories, for memories constitute the man.
How far this can be taken is dependent on our measuring and construction expertise, though most agree this is likely to leap with the advent of hypercomputers, when machines begin designing and inventing for themselves. Invention is close to the heart of Man's genius, but it cannot be a mystical process and so will be achieved mechanically.
The objection assumes some special property of a human being not accessible by the laws of science.
Techniques are likely to be discovered that can manipulate the extremely small as well as the very large, but it is thought unlikely that faithful replication beyond sub-atomic levels would be necessary to resurrect people and their memories, even if superstrings are not the smallest possible state, which they may well not be.
5,300 yr old Otzi a find in the Hauslabjoch glacier.
Otzi's (see picture above) reconstruction is a science of probables
Present day reconstructions cant do the brain yet, but it is still made of particles that may be reconfigurable with coming computing.
We can tell that Ötzi had three gallstones, Lyme disease and a weak heart, ate ibex before he was shot in the back, probably by an enemy tribesman and died half an hour afterwards. His is the oldest surviving blood sample to date.
All his memories are likely to be recreated with Quantum Archaeology.
AREN'T BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IRREVERSIBLE?
We used to think so. However maths and statistical insights mean we may be able to computerize many biochemical processes predicting and retrodicting to amazing degrees. Quantum archaeologists are not trying to reverse biological processes, but describe the ones that existed then build people back. Heat loss is a major issue but it does not confound building archaeological grids and inserting what must have been the state of deceased brains, based on correlating constructed and extant information.
Brains are no different from other organic things in nature and exist and develop and change by knowable laws and rules. It is therefore possible to rebuild them from classical physics and chemistry using coming computing machines.
At present we do not know how life comes into being, so we cant run accurate simulations of evolution, but we are getting closer to it and at some stage will run simulations of earth's history that are so accurate it may be indistinguishable from our own.
ASSEMBLY
With 3D printing you can [print off interesting pretty basic items..tools, clothes, trainers, basic food, engine parts have been 3D printed for a while.
But it is going to get much more complex with quantum robots!
Nano-nozzles will focus and fire assemblies by a myriad of techniques, and will continue improving until assembly is so detailed and accurate that identical living organisms will be made in front of your eyes from programs you download online.
The cumbersome cartridges used presently have evolved from desktop ink jet 2D printers. They 3D print by a variety of methods, including line printing and melting and you can see the continuation trend of printing as a graph that is rushing to increase in complexity.
Woodblock printing (200)
Movable type (1040)
Printing press (1454)
Etching (ca. 1500)
Mezzotint (1642)
Aquatint (1768)
Lithography (1796)
Chromolithography (1837)
Rotary press (1843)
Offset printing (1875)
Hectograph (19th century)
Hot metal typesetting (1886)
Mimeograph (1890)
Screen printing (1907)
Spirit duplicator (1923)
Dye-sublimation (1957)
Phototypesetting (1960s)
Dot matrix printer (1964)
Laser printing (1969)
Thermal printing (ca. 1972)
Inkjet printing (1976)
Stereolithography (1986)
Digital press (1993)
3D printing (ca. 2003)
(wiki)
Human (living) body parts (2010)
Full human being (2030?)
LONG-HAND TECHNOLOGIES
The big leap will be when machine intelligence takes over from man-designed systems.
Meantime we are having fun with breaking technologies which demonstrates Man is learning to manipulate energy, and that will mean forwards and backs in time, as prediction and retrodiction hot up! .
A 3d home printer
This bicycle came from a 3D printer.
2012 an elderly woman had her complete titanium jaw from a 3D printer.
In 2012 the first house was 3D printed in the UK.
Coming:
Inside, coming:
RepRap has been going one of the longest and is involved with open source programmes. Prices of 3D Printers have begum dramatically falling in 2012 from $10,000 to $1,000 and in March $350 from MakiBox.
Technologies hit the knee of the development curve then seem to suddenly appear and take off:
http://www.nickhunn.com/wp-content/gallery/general/3dfunding.pngRise of 3D printing
Circuit boards, mobiles and other electronics are all going to be printed and new businesses are springing up worldwide with new possibilities for weekly shopping. The construction of most atoms in the periodic table may be a next big step to convert domestic waste into new atomic structures, though that could be decades away. Shops may become completely different to what we have known stocking only what you cannot print at home.
All this is happening now, but from history's accelerating trend of technology , what is coming is more spectacular than anything we can dream.
At some point a move from printing body parts to a given particular alive human being (we began printing living body parts in 2007) will occur.
That printout will depend only on a detailed enough computer program being plotted out effectively. That seems an enormous undertaking, and the oft cited speed up time to sequence a specific human genome is surely an example of how fast a specific person's map will be entered into a computer once we begin to do the time line calculations.
A home laptop could hold or get the equation set for anyone who has ever lived.
If that seems like a jump, consider that transhumanists are talking about simulating the entire galaxy, and that is only restrained by how much computer power is traded against shortcut mathematics we use.
Prehistoric Man's mind cannot be unknowable by retrodiction.
You dont need remains of the dead to reassemble them!
This is the brilliant bit of Quantum Archaeology. You dont need anything left of a person to resurrect them: memories and all.
Ben Goertzel who does pioneering work in Artificial Intelligence
You are retrodicting (opposite of predicting...just means going backwards) from known present variables, a simulation of past events on a cosmic moving pool table. The world is not chaos, it is complex order, and here is the magic:
once you know the laws of science AND you have any handful of dirt to deduce from, you can construct everything that there is. That is true because everything is connected.
MOST variables will be categorized repeats eg the periodic table will underpin everything needed for reconstruction of all elements.
A man who died alone 200 years ago, or 2,000,000 years ago may look different propositions to resurrection. Not at all! It just needs many more calculations. Something that coming computers excel at.
You could analyse 10 variables in the present and retrodict back to anyone by unbroken chains of cause and effect.
Resurrection kiosks may look like this in the future.
A person's memory and life were not random, but inevitable events which all MUST leave changes collectible in the future.
From the future, many billions will point back to very few events in the past, and from very many cross-checkable starting retrodiction points. The laws governing science are being set down and new ones deduced to find short cuts to predictions covering vast amounts of raw data.
We are at the very edge, the significant beginning, of what is possible in archaeology. Our computing systems are but precursors to ones in the future. Man seems complex and history seems dead but archaeology is recovering it bit by bit, and its move to quantum methods has begun.There is no scientific reason why a local world could not be entirely reconstructed and this is solely dependent upon our measuring and calculation abilities.
Gerald Moore in 1965 theorized computer power doubled every 18 months.
Moore's Law and other trends popularized and discovered by Kurzweil indicate when there will be enough processing power to achieve simulations complex enough to map out a world, and it is expected that a 200 Qubit quantum computer may be able to do this.
It is assumed that singularity technology and Artificial General Intelligence will be required to model enough of the local universe to simulate any human being and many futurists including Vernor Vinge and Ray Kuzweil expect it when intelligent technologies reach predictable points on consistently performing trend graphs.
There were very few attempts to build accelerating intelligence and the first conference for Artificial General Intelligence was set up for March 2008; if any of the AGI projects succeed ahead of 2030, it will fulfill the criteria for resurrection by quantum archaeology.
Meticulous archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie had read trigonometry and geometry as a boy and introduced 'cross-dating' to establish details in his Egyptian and Greek digs. He was self-taught and had no formal schooling.
Oxford archaeologist T.E. Lawrence c 1910 who gave up a promising career in medieval pottery shards under Petrie.
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QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY 5/9
"No man against my fate sends me to Hades..." The Iliad
Kenington's marble effigy of Lawrence St Martin's Church, Dorset
Archaeology moves down some astonishing pathways. After opening Tutankhamen's tomb in 1922, it is about to burst onto the world stage again, by theorizing resurrection science.
Man is not so special his brain is outside the laws of physics, nor is his entire history nor thought so extreme it cannot be recreated in a laboratory with sufficient computing. Random number crunching, at worst, would chart all possibilities of all possible events in our world. That would guarantee everyone is resurrected as sets of equations or simulations. From there microrobots could rebuild them. It would also build other possible people, but your ancestors would certainly be included.
This logical argument has no valid counter arguments and cannot logically be refuted. Tipler states it is self-evident to occur at the end of time in our universe, - at the Omega point. Even that prediction may look conservative. He is a distinuished but elderly scientist and his prediction may be even faster when accelerating technology growth is multiplied by accelerating science growth. Human capacity may have passed resurrection capability in under 40 years at least as abstractions (maths) and micro robotics advanced enough to reconfigure the whole of human archaeology including living and dead peoples will surely follow. It will happen quickly because vast areas of technology and science are speeding up, helping each other to accelerate what they can do. Those breakthroughs make bigger breakthroughs happen, in turn leading to massive leaps.
In coming machines, we could compute every possible version of your ancestors. But the picture is not so bleak nor the locations of where they are impossibly innumerable. We will not have to calculate every possible human with every possible thought in every possible environment and configure complex probabilities and causal pathways to them all to find the correct one!
Resurrection is a great and ancient dream.
"All men dream...but not equally... the dreamers of the day are dangerous men for they may dream their dreams with open eyes, and make it possible." Lawrence of Arabia
We have dreampt of resurrection and archaeologists will make it happen.
REDUCING THE SAMPLES
QA will find ways of reducing the samples drawing chronology lines of knowable events in the quantum archaeology grid (which be be expressed mathematically as well as graphically, or left in computer code). One elimination procedure which would have taken a million trillion man hours for a single general history line will be done instantly by coming systems.
At each elimination zillions of impossible histories will be crossed out because they conflict with known data, and these in turn will eliminate zillions more that spend from them like branching trees. Find the exact person to describe may be like finding the exact leaf of a tree in an ancient forest, or exact snowflake in any given storm.
Most people wince at this. That is encouraging because they realize the size of calculations involved.
At first it seems ridiculous to attempt, but with the coming tools of statistics and machine intelligence, the manipulation of numbers is not only viable, it is easy.
I sat in lectures at the Pentagon-funded AI@50 where 150 brilliant scientists had gathered to assess artificial intelligence and saw the great Solomonov talking about accurate data extraction from impossibly large masses of numbers.
His lecture was electrifying as he showed how to find needles in haystacks by statistics that seemed magic. Professor Bart Selman later poached by the defence department, confirmed his work and showed even more ways to extract exact requested and specific information from zillions of data, analysts had regarded as white noise because it was too much to be useful.
I rushed to quiz them both during their lectures and by email about what and exactly how their techniques could recover specific instances, because one early stumbling block in QA was data was so large, people thought it useless: 'the answer is in there but it could never be extracted' was the general attitude. 'Never' is a shortening time in accelerating science. That which was impossible on Monday, is only unthinkable on Tuesday; by Wednesday it is merely absurd on Thursday crackpots were saying 'why not?' on Friday they are attempting it, and by the week-end mainstream scientists are achieving it everyone knew it was doable all along!
This is paraphrasing Schopenhauer's 3 stages of Truth, but that which is regarded as impossible may only be improbable, and in the vastness of the cosmos, if it is only improbable, that means it will certainly happen.
Things moving down many rivers and disparate disciplines of science and technology a re now converging, in part because the internet enabled synthesis, but also because mathematicians are inventing ways to do sums which were only in doable in fables in the 19th century.
The architecture of any QA recovery was so vast any mistake - even one error - could ruin it. I managed to get on a post grad course in mathematical logic at Oxford University which showed how to cross-check the veracity of an entire (large) system. Despite being the class dunce, I learned the basis of Z and confirmed it could be used to check huge QA resurrection calculations.
Resurrection will become a basic civil and human right, as it becomes clear that it is indeed possible to raise the ancient dead with our coming technology. That could happen soon as we construct the quantum archaeology grid - a dense matrix of events and their connections. Using coming quantum computers which will do the same as all present computers running to the end of the universe in a few seconds, this might be a very easy task.
We must outline probable scientific methods by which resurrection may happen, and invite people to contest the validity of these assertions.
People may insert into their wills the legal right only to be resurrected into specific areas or future times. Many legal issues will be thrashed out when QA becomes common knowledge and as different sciences debate its veracity.
Although wonderful things are ahead of us, things of terror - beyond the wildest horror - also await us. We may be like mayflies hatching before universal predators, with insufficient technologies of defence and as naive as island peoples looking at the first gunboats approaching.
THERE ARE MANY PAST HISTORIES YOU WONT FIND THE CORRECT ONE?
"...when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth!" Sherlock Holmes. The Sign of Four
This objection is from The Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics, that states the world is splitting into more at each event.
It is answered from statistical dynamics within Many Worlds maths.
All past and all future possible histories are correct in that they do tend to exist.
However any defined history will have effect markers in the present able to converge to tributary specificity beyond out present science to configure, and conformable as the correct histories by cross-calculation proofs as done in simultaneous equations from other markers and marker effects.
The required past, calculated within a set of known present markers, is not all the past but a narrowing field of the past as you begin to eliminate irrelevant histories by impossibilities, calculating probabilities that will tend to 100%. The short answer is we should resurrect all of them.
Computers are coming that will surpass human powers of abstraction, calculation and all sciences in all fields. we will be able to machine calculate to unimaginably small sizes our greatest minds have not get described.
WHAT ABOUT LAW OF ENTROPY?
Archaeologists are constantly restoring order! It was thought that as things tend to disorder, eventually the universe would die in a heat death of lukewarm radiation, as there wouldn't be available energy to restore order and counter information loss. This may not be true as it is thought our universe is but one of many in M Theory.
Much information recovery will be above sub-atomic levels, but even at levels down to the Planck scale, knowledge of the laws of the quantum world should enable reconstructions.
"Is MWT reversible? Hard to say for sure, since reversibility and entropy in this context can be a bit slippery, due to it's subjective nature. I can see the argument for saying it is reversible: entropy can be thought of as information loss from individual universes as they split (the information is diluted with each split), so viewed from the overall multiverse perspective there is no information loss, hence no entropy increase hence reversible. But on the other hand, there are processes (like inflation that drove the expansion of our universe) that produce heat (i.e. entropy), which are irreversible." (MC Price - to me 2012).
Despite entropy, recovery may still be possible from present data by probabilizing, and cross-referencing the huge data banks that are coming on line. We can calculate what must have been in astonishing ways. Your DNA is an historical record going back millions of years, and like tree trunk rings holding information about the environment.
Not only human DNA but all DNA holds such information.. Separately it may not say much, but synthesized it uncovers the past these archaeological techniques may counter the effects of entropy.
Particles decay by law and dont please themselves how they change! This area seems complex to us but at today's rate of progress the next 100 years will see 20,000 years of advance. it would be a brave forecaster whop thought that in 20,000 years we wouldn't have unimaginably vast computing resources! The quantum world is not chaos but complex order, and we will manipulate it and map it as Artificial intelligence arrives.
There is a list of all known sub-atomic particles . It will expand as more are found (CERN is hunting for the Higgs Boson).It is a USA government site and the best available (http://pdg.lbl.gov). It lists things like:
GAUGE AND HIGGS BOSONS (gamma, g, W, Z, ...)
gamma
g (gluon)
graviton
W boson
Z boson
Higgs Bosons (H0 and H+-),
Heavy Bosons, Other Than Higgs Bosons,
Axions (A0) and Other Very Light Bosons,
LEPTONS (e, mu, tau, neutrinos, heavy leptons ...)
electron
muon
tau
Heavy Charged Lepton
Neutrino Properties
Number of Neutrino Types
Double-beta Decay
Note on Neutrinoless Double-beta Decay
Neutrino Mixing
Heavy Neutral Leptons,
QUARKS (u, d, s, c, b, t, ...)
LIGHT QUARKS --- u, d, s
c quark
b quark
t quark
b' quark (4**th Generation)
t' quark (4**th Generation)
MESONS (pi, K, D, B, psi, Upsilon, ...)
LIGHT UNFLAVORED MESONS (S = C = B = 0)
OTHER LIGHT UNFLAVORED MESONS (S = C = B = 0)
STRANGE MESONS (S = + −1, C = B = 0)
CHARMED MESONS (C = + −1)
CHARMED, STRANGE MESONS (C = S = +−1)
BOTTOM MESONS (B = +−1)
BOTTOM, STRANGE MESONS (B = +−1, S = −+1)
BOTTOM, CHARMED MESONS (B = +−1, C = −+1)
c cbar MESONS
b bbar MESONS
NON-q qbar CANDIDATES
BARYONS (p, n, Lambda_b, Xi, ...)
N BARYONS (S = 0, I = 1/2)
DELTA BARYONS (S = 0, I = 3/2)
LAMBDA BARYONS (S = -1, I = 0)
SIGMA BARYONS (S = -1, I = 1)
XI BARYONS (S = -2, I = 1/2)
OMEGA BARYONS (S = -3, I = 0)
CHARMED BARYONS (C = +1)
DOUBLY-CHARMED BARYONS (C = + 2)
BOTTOM BARYONS (B = -1)
Magnetic Monopoles
Supersymmetric Particles
Quark and Lepton Compositeness
WIMPs and Other Particles
Quantum Archaeology will cause us to look differently on loss and tragedy, forcing a change in the human psyche.
Though much is lost, the number of lines pointing into the past are so vast that almost everything in the present would have to be wiped out for the past lost. We can draw recovery lines by plotting backwards on a quantumarchaeology grid. There is plenty of energy available because we believe we can eventually create energy and even make universes.
The Law of Entropy states things get more disordered. If an agent like a person or a machine orders an environment, it takes increasing energy to restore the order. If the universe was a closed system, this would doom any attempt to metabolize it in an intelligence. However M Theory posits that our universe is but one of many, and we may be able to create energy, and universes, and that there are infinite universes.
Data is certain arrangements events, expressed as differing energies.
Data is constantly arranging and rearranging, but it absolutely has to move according to the laws of science and not in unpredictable ways. In finite bubble like our universe that means anything has a limited number of expressions of its component data. With advancing measurement and calculation techniques, the quantum world is opening to scrutiny, and its laws are being uncovered. Even if it does not, cross referencing and other statistical techniques will enable full and essentially accurate resurrections.
Death is tragedy but can science find ways to describe the past in subatomic detail? Romeo & Juliet.
Moving atoms inside molecules were 'photographed' for the first time in 2012 using lasers. It is not such a leap from atoms to sub atoms.
Cause and effect is an astoundingly successful science theory. Coupled with probability we have powerful prediction and retrodiction tools.
Every thought you have ever had is the inevitable resultant of things moving according to scientific laws, and this was also true for your ancestors, whether they were ape men or amino acids.
It is therefore not possible that an event in our limited world history could be lost - given sufficient computing power, or great statistical techniques for recreating information. More, the amount of computing power needed for such a calculation estimated now at below 10^42 operations per second is likely to be surpassed both by quantum computers and also by classical computers given enough time. And time is what the dead have plenty of. It doesn't matter to the dead how long it takes to raise them.
It's important to note that Quantum Archaeology is not trying to reverse the cosmos, but to calculate where the state of what things must have been as mathematical formulas and spacetime coordinates. For this reason alone it does not violate the law of entropy.
The answer to this most serious of all objections to Quantum Archaeology is then that there are so many starting points available near infinite lines of calculation will aggregate to the required event points.
We manipulate quantum particles already. CERN particle accelerator is an early atom machine but it is cumbersome and expensive.
THE GENIUS OF MATHEMATICS
Maths is a sublime genius! It is a basket of short-cuts for doing things.
Logic and statistics are two of it's branches, and it can reveal answers to things that are so accurate and penetrating it looks like magic. Unfortunately it is vast subject and no-one in the world knows the whole of it. Most people have no idea of what a powerful force it is to discover things thought hidden for ever; if they did they may feel uneasy talking to mathematicians who, with a few swift calculations can deduce what you had for breakfast yesterday using observation, probability and logic.
At present the first general mathematics programme done by computers (Woolfram's Mathematica) is in widespread use. You need some maths knowledge to use it.
"Features of Mathematica include:
Elementary mathematical function library
Special mathematical function library
Matrix and data manipulation tools including support for sparse arrays
Support for complex number, arbitrary precision, interval arithmetic and symbolic computation
2D and 3D data and function visualization and animation tools
Solvers for systems of equations, diophantine equations, ODEs, PDEs, DAEs, DDEs and recurrence relations
Numeric and symbolic tools for discrete and continuous calculus
Multivariate statistics libraries including fitting, hypothesis testing, and probability and expectation calculations on over 100 distributions.
Constrained and unconstrained local and global optimization
Programming language supporting procedural, functional and object oriented constructs
Toolkit for adding user interfaces to calculations and applications
Tools for image processing[and morphological image processing including image recognition
Tools for visualizing and analysing graphs
Tools for combinatoric problems
Tools for text mining including regular expressions and semantic analysis
Data mining tools such as cluster analysis, sequence alignment and pattern matching
Number theory function library
Tools for financial calculations including bonds, annuities, derivatives, options etc.
Group theory functions
Libraries for wavelet analysis on sounds, images and data
Control systems libraries
Continuous and discrete integral transforms
Import and export filters for data, images, video, sound, CAD, GIS, document and biomedical formats
Database collection for mathematical, scientific, and socio-economic information and access to WolframAlpha data and computations
Technical word processing including formula editing and automated report generating
Tools for connecting to DLLs. SQL, Java, .NET, C++, FORTRAN, CUDA, OpenCL and http based systems
Tools for parallel programing
Using both "free-form linguistic input" (a natural language user interface) and Mathematica language in notebook when connected to the Internet" (wiki)
This has made Stephen Woolfram, its futurist creator a billionaire, but is not yet high artificial intelligence. Coming A.I.'s will allow you to talk to you computer in general terms (Apple is already this) silently and quickly. Faster than you ask it will anticipate and you. It will. do all the maths needed without you needing to know any maths at all.
What seems hidden in the past exists solely by the laws of physics and must inevitably be revealed by mathematics which will reverse engineer any situation in an instant.
IS DETERMINISM NECESSARY FOR QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY?
Von Neumann dismissed 'random' as impossible and Einstein dismissed non-determinism as impossible.
The best way to approach the conflicts in physics are to accept that laws operate at all scales and we are learning to use them to predict with amazing accuracy.
"Scientific research is based on the assumption that all events, including the actions of mankind, are determined by the laws of nature." Einstein.
QUANTUM INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
If we have to configure details of the dead down to the to the quantum scale to describe the them, that still looks possible as everything in the known universe obey laws, and as we discover them we are able to reconfigure necessary events. We could, in any case, permute ALL possible combinations of events that have ever been thus recreating all peoples who have ever lived as a starting point. From these near infinite data sets we can begin to eliminate the impossible lines by parallel cross-checking. None of this will be done by hand and all of it at speed so that we may be left with very few possible resurrection scenarios to chose from. As the quantum archaeology grid gets established, complex truth tables, and sophisticated architectural models like those enabled using "Z" called the ultimate language, which can cross-check vast numbers of elements can be used to dismiss the impossible.
Quantum information is now thought retrievable.
Once thought lost in decay, emerging ideas about refinding information are surfacing. One promising inquiry is at the University of Calgary’s Institute for Quantum Information Science (IQIS) Here researchers have demonstrated that perfectly "recovering the original quantum information from its imperfect copies." is a fact. "They also hypothesized an experiment to perform the perfect recovery of original quantum information." If successful, this may confirm Ettinger's hunch that there is a Law of Conservation of Information inside the realm of science.
We are approaching the knee of the curve of exponential quantum computation, thought likely to hit us in the 2020's. It looks like nothing much is happening then suddenly we take off. as acceleration velocity point is reached.
The knee of the curve- when quantum computing arrives - will be dramatic..
HOW DOES THIS DIFFER FROM TIPLER'S VIEWS?
Tipler predicts resurrection at the end of the universe in computer simulations. Quantum archaeology predicts resurrection in 20-40 years as physical beings, ie not inside computers. Tiper predicts all possible variations of people will be resurrected in simulations, quantum archaeology is concerned with just one time line and one history.
Tipler assumes one, finite universe, Quantum archaeology assumes an infinite multiverse of universes and also assumes energy requirements could be met by creation of universes (our universe was created therefore a universe is possible to create with enough knowledge). Tipler's hypothesis posits a superbeing at an omega point, quantum archaeology doesn't require an omega point. However the idea is tracable to his work.
THERE ISN'T ROOM TO BRING BACK THE DEAD?
We will make and find new places to live in the cosmos when we have enough science to resurrect the dead. Such a time may be closer than many think if they consider computer ability trends. Kurzweil has shown men make predictions linearly. A guess as to how long something takes is based on the past and in a straight line. Your guess considers speeds of present day developments but technological change is speeding at exponential rates which the human mind is incapable of sensing. It can only be seen accurately on trend graphs like Moore's Law.
The push to colonise space is about to begin. Artificial intelligence may hit the knee of the curve about 2030.. Carina Nebula at the edge of the Milky Way (NASA).
As advanced artificial intelligence is constructed is is theorized by some scientists that we could bend and manipulate space-time. This happens whenever you walk or move but the changes are imperceptibly small. It may be that we acquire the skill to bend dimensions skilfully enough to give a world of space to anyone who wants one in their own home. Cities and the whole earth may become just portholes to personal space which could include areas vast and luxurious. however fantastic this seems, mastery in science is coming across all disciplines which are inciting speed of discovery in others and it is probable that this will happen as it is consistent with known laws of physics.
HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE LIVED ON EARTH?
About 106,000,000,000 according to the Population Reference Bureau going back to 50,000 BCE. All of therm have the right to resurrection.
Asimov has dealt with this in his Foundation series, indicating empires will rise and fall and reinforce main branches as in genetic evolution. Asimov was exceptional because he helped set a code in science fiction where stories had to conform to possible science and couldn't be science fantasy.
Splits will undoubtedly happen and new cosmoses be created and die.
CONTINUITY STOPS SO THE RESURRECTEES ARE NOT THE SAME PEOPLE?
Despite time passing, so long as you accurately restore the deceased to their last state, repairing them to full health and youth, does not mean they are entirely different people. The key to men is their memories. There is great hope to assume we will be able to restore all memories, including some we thought were lost as we aged.
TRANSHUMANISM IS GETTING HEADLINES
Regarded as a group of crackpots initially, the vast finances they have (many are wealthy - some billionaires) and their impact on the world by forcing science fiction into science technology, means transhumanists are altering things The military and government have to examine what they are forecasting:
Growing incidence of Transhumanist terms in government and military publications.
This incurs huge duties on transhumanists to produce philosophies of high moral codes, not only to guide coming artificial technologies so that they do not cause genocide, but to give the comforts that other schools have long given, and not leave it to machines in the future to run amok to the machines' own self-evolved goals.
THE COMING OF ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE
The US Gvmt SYNAPSE project aims at mimicing the human brain.
A.G.I. (Artificial General Intelligence, also called 'Strong' and 'Super' Intelligence)) will have the biggest impact in the history of life, and possibly in the history of the known universe.
Generally in computing, memory and speed are changed or modified according to data fed into them, and data those changes themselves produce. There is a computing relationship between Intelligence, Memory, and Speed, written conveniently:
I=MS
This equation is useful in designing machine intelligence. Memory is a special thing. Our whole bodies are forms of pattern energies and modified or mutated patterns are passed on as memories from cell to new cell. It is better written 'memory modified at speed' because this is what learning is (Danny Kopec - to me AI@50 2006) When you learn something, you are modifying your memory. The speed at which you can do this makes you more or less intelligent, since it determines your success in problem solving.
The computer screen is coming alive: it can not only sense you touching it, it can now touch back.
Haptic technology raises itself out of its 2 dimensional world eg to create a keyboard you can feel. It is but a few steps to making it extend and do robotic tasks whilst you interact with it.
Haptic technology is breaking, promising truly interactive computing.
Convergent technology will join the internet with robots and 3d printers and mobile communications that will utilize the waste around you, like extracting pollution from the air, to build useful objects including food.. Permanent objects and machines may become things of the past as we gain mastery over assembly and deconstruction with coming machine intelligence.
We build bigger and bigger memory storage facilities each year (Google is building a storage centre the size of a town) and our speeds are already much faster than human. Speed is often simply the length of time it takes for a computer cycle, or traditionally, how many cycles the Central Processing Unit (C.P.U.) makes in one second. We can call the resulting processes floating operations per second (flops) and the Z3 was the first machine to achieve this in Berlin (bombed by the allies in 1943).
I J Good famously wrote "the first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make". He worked with Turing at Bletchley Park cracking war codes and his use of "Ultra" had a special meaning. It was the designated word for allied intelligence signals. Later it was taken to mean superintelligence by common usage. Good was prolific, specializing in Bayesian statistics and probability to extract and predict information patterns.
Artificial just means 'man made' from artisan and artifact, and intelligence just means 'problem solving'. The words were strung together by the late John McCarthy for the 1956 Dartmouth Park Conference where a pioneering group of scientists met and planned how they would attempt to build A.I. By 1973 they had still not build it and it was ridiculed especially by the United Kingdom as impossible because of the combinatorial explosion - the bigger you made a system the more calculations it had to make- and departments were shut down (AI winter) in the UK, USA and Japan, which was almost all of them. A few mavericks kept going in it and by 2000 weak A.I. or particular specialist intelligent systems were everywhere.
The number of machines systems using A.I. is now so vast that the world would crunch to a halt if they were withdrawn, this is particularly true of the financial markets, and developed states have protocols for emergency action during solar storms.
A.I. is being constructed using reductionism and reverse engineering theory: looking at what problem needs to be solved then constructing automatic systems, mainly in software, to solve them. Chess and Jeopardy! are examples of weak A.I.s. and they are much faster than any living human solutions.
The defeat of the world chess champion Gary Kasparov by a computer was shocking in 1997, with Deep Blue examining 200,000,000 (two hundred million) moves a second:
It's impact was that money poured in to A.I. research again and by 2003 many universities world wide had some kind of A.I. department.
The same is happening after ibm Watson beat the best Jeapardy! human player..
Convergent systems are likely to be built with the umbrella of many skills as general A.I. becomes feasible (predicted for the late 2020's by Vinge)
There is no theoretical limit to how intelligent machines can get, and sub-disciplines of genetic algorithms, neural networks, and simulations generally are hurtling forward making better and braver intelligent auto-systems.
But A.G.I. (Artificial General Intelligence) also known as strong A.I. has not yet been achieved. One reason is that almost no team is attempting it as it is thought too difficult.
"We dont know how to build artificial intelligence so we are reverse engineering human intelligence" Professor Andrew Ng (to me 2005).
The human brain with the largest complex neocortex of any species has not been reverse engineered in enough detail yet, in 2012 the synapse is still not mapped completely, although estimates from those working on the human brain project (project blue brain) think it will be available in 2018-20. the idea is that if we can model the thinking part of the human brain accurately, we can factor it up in supercomputers and get acceleration from intelligence levels.
London A.I. Club has not assumed that has has different constructs.
Human intelligence is not confined to one human brain but the group and it is evolved by natural selection to function in a given environment - the world. One human brain when simulated may be incapable of intelligence alone.
1809 A fake A.I. Napoleon Bonaparte vs The Turk Napoleon playing white was thrashed by a dwarf hidden inside.
Few scientists doubt that we will eventually build systems more intelligent in a general way than mankind, and that it may take over it's own intelligence increase, limited only by the laws of science. When this happens, any solvable problems like raising the dead will be made in the blink of an eye.
The fun thing is to try and do it by long hand and get a good enough material together from a set of patchy ideas and insufficient knowledge to advent a discipline and effect a paradigm shift in people about dead not being dead. There is no scientific reason why the dead have to remain dead, and when A.G.I. is reached, resurrection will no doubt be part of the services a family doctor can perform!
INVESTMENT FUNDING: VIEWING HISTORY BY QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY
Before physical resurrection which will require robots of astounding precision and complexity, we are likely to be able to make accurate scenarios of past events to the planck level, if trends continue. Battles, famous lives, climate events and disputed sequences will surely be laid bare for the public and blasted on the internet to help educators and entertainment.
It is therefore in large commercial companies' interests to back research into QA!
Crowds would pack cinemas to see the actual Battle of Hastings or the murder of Julius Ceasar, with skillful director's cuts between actual scenes,and full interactive senses and haptics. These will be available long before the owners of those bodies are resurrected and demand copyright duties or evoke privacy laws as they return to the centre of world events on upgrading their minds.
Although I am impatient for quantum archaeology and wish the wealthy corporations and investors to begin backing research into it, it will surely arrive by osmosis as technology snowballs. Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come. Yet the faster we have such capabilities, the sooner we can halt the pathos-filled suffering that pervades human and sentient experience. Suffering is what our bodies have evolved to deal with incursion and the elements, but Paradise Engineering seeks to find ways to correct this.
Paradise Engineering seeks to re-engineer suffering out of life forms.
TECHNOLOGY IS WRONG AND SHOULD BE STOPPED!
That may be correct, but how can you stop it?
It is not a stupid view since technology may destroy us as well as giving us resurrection.
Boss of Sun Microsystems Bill Joy wrote in the landmark article Why The Future Doesn’t Need Us:
“We are being propelled into this new century with no plan, no control, no brakes. Have we already gone too far down the path to alter course? I don’t believe so, but we aren’t trying yet, and the last chance to assert control – the fail-safe point – is rapidly approaching. We have our first pet robots, as well as commercially available genetic engineering techniques, and our nanoscale techniques are advancing rapidly. While the development of these technologies proceeds through a number of steps, it isn’t necessarily the case – as happened in the Manhattan Project and the Trinity test – that the last step in proving a technology is large and hard. The breakthrough to wild self-replication in robotics, genetic engineering, or nanotechnology could come suddenly, reprising the surprise we felt when we learned of the cloning of a mammal.” (Wired: issue 8.04 | Apr 2000).
"We cannot prevent the Singularity, that its coming is an inevitable consequence of the humans' natural competitiveness and the possibilities inherent in technology." Vernor Vinge:
The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence was founded in 2000 by one of the great pioneering minds of the age,self-taught Eliezer Yudkowsky and others to study the dangers and try to develop human friendly A.I.
Technology isn't going to stop so we have to learn to work with 'superscience', and the Ethics of A.I. was born to address the issues, building on the Foresight Institutes's learned work in nanotechnology issues.
Intelligent machines that can calculate higher and higher orders of problem solving are being built at faster and faster rates.
Sooner that it is common to admit, machines will be able to have calculations available for everyone who has every lived, at any point in their lives: memories and all! That is likely to be within the next twenty years if computing power increases as the same rate and quantum computers become available for massive calculations into history. The majority of people working in the fields think both are true.
MATHEMATICS = COMPUTING
M=C
This equations holds.
The more mathematics we have, the less computing we need. It's not an exact equation, but its generally true. Mathematics shortcuts and pattern spotting enables things like equations and class groupings, where problems can be solved symbolically and in shorthands, requiring only tiny amounts of computing power.
Computing systems are also increasingly able to do and will invent their own mathematics. Stephen Woolfram has pioneered the automation of mathematics and become a multi-billioniare selling his systems to the science community. Quantum archaeology is a fantastic field for people who love achieving shortcuts! It is also so new and will be a major part of human thought in the coming years that it will be highly rewarding.
(Click to activate) The Sieve of Eratosthenes assists finding prime numbers (wiki)
THE RULE OF LAW?
The Rule of Law is likely to be utterly robot patrolled (that began with the first traffic lights), and whereas personal computers have been plagued by viruses in the past, patrolling "lawbots" may become the norm. they are already built and being used in trial areas by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and though most dont look human hominid prototypes are already achieving running capabilities.
Robodogs at Boston Dynamics have solved walking and balance.
Great minds from the past enhanced and taking part in our expanding civilization again will help speed technology into outer space and outer dimensions. they will be instantly brought up to date with microchip surgery that doesn't disable their essential minds and will never die.
Many of us are optimistic we can meet the technological challenges, and a psyche-knowledge that we are going back for anyone who has died may spread a new confidence, a new comradeship, and a new moral set. there is a danger in crime as it will be broadcast, and resources will be too abundant and instantaneous for anyone to want to steal anything.
"What awaits is not oblivion but rather a future which, from our present vantage point, is best described by the words “postbiological” or even “supernatural.”–Hans Moravec, Mind Children (Robotics institute)
THE OBJECTION FROM QUANTUM SYNAPSE ACTION
This argument states that the human self operates at quantum and non-deterministic levels in the synapse, and could never be recaptured once dead. Penrose and Hamerhoff advanced this idea and there have been found living examples in plants,
Even if the quantum mind is proven - at the moment it is conjecture -i t must still operate by laws.
Sooner or later those laws will be discovered and space-time coordinates from the entire deceased person reconfigured.
Some particular neurons holds memories but alter and decay by predictable laws. Every neuron in the brain, like every snow flake in the skies, is slightly different. However this does not mean that its configuration of ions and structure is random, but each has been built by catalogs which can be used to reconstruct them, first in simulation tanks (see below) then when verified to the Nth degree, microrobotically.
Every event necessarily affects other events, and this must mean there is a pathway back to any event that has ever happened.
That pathway in the tiny world may look unfathomably complex and too decayed to be traced but that is merely a matter of scale, and coming computers will be able to number crunch beyond what we can imagine today.
We have already built complex dynamic models of the inside of a cell using computers, and this modelling ability in Quantum Archaeology will become case-specific with adjustments per person.
ISN'T INFORMATION LOST IRREVERSIBLY IN THERMODYNAMICS?
The argument continues that loss of information happens because there isn't enough energy to restore it. However since our universe is one of many others in M Theory, we should be able to draw energy from them for reconstructions.
There is therefore plenty of available energy to reconstruct any human being and any earth life form who has ever :lived. However we are focusing on the brain as quantum archaeologists. Better simulations of what it is are being made
The neuron in Project Blue Brain Simulation
Some processes are said to be irreversible when sub-atomic collisions allow information to be lost as heat which is thought by many physicists to be a final state. Such a view conflicts with infinite regress and it may be that final state thermodynamic heat may be just complex and not unified, allowing future superintelligent systems to analyze it effectively This process of entropy may be possible to compensate for, or may not be relevant as human systems have interchangable and therefore replaceable subsystems including atoms and molecules. This is easily demonstrated as it is the basis for gene therapy which seeks to replace a piece of DNA that is faulty with a piece spliced from someone else. The corrected person is not changed but cured and functions better.
We are already building simple simulations of the entire universe as well as positing time travel. Constructions of long dead persons will be partly enabled by massive probability calculations. Enormous compensation equations will undoubtedly be used.
Entropy refers to an isolated system. Unfortunately there isn't one, and the infinite universe may be interactive.
However this is one of the most serious challenges to quantum archaeology and needs to be thrashed out.
(click to enlarge)The 2005 Surrey University Colloquium on A.I.
OBJECTION FROM ELECTROMAGNETISM
An objection has been raised that there are EM (electromagnetic) actions in the brain which we dont know how to measure. EM is almost certainly the result of biochemical processes and not the other way round, so once you have configured the tissue and chemistry, the correct EMs will result. Also our measurement techniques are likely to improve.
DEATH IS GOOD FOR US?
It is surely up to the individuals concerned? Once they see others waking to full youth and with modern facilities they may wish to join them. It should be possible to enable them to understand exactly what resurrection is at the point of revival and consult them.
Although there is a cycle of birth and death experienced by most (though not all) life forms on earth, all life forms have one ancestor. It doesn't have to be like this. we just dont know anything else.
Dying to make room for others may have been useful when room was limited. With coming technology room wont be a problem as we are likely to be able to build homes of meteorites and manipulate matter in myriad ways.
TECHNOLOGY WILL SLOW DOWN?
Exactly the opposite is happening. Graphs plotting speeds and power of technologies show they not just accelerating, but double accelerating and the costs are to make it are falling. Many services like watching videos and other software is free. This had been predicted but not believed by futurists studying trends since the 1980's.Futurists are also predicting that between 2020-2030 machines will become smarter than humans and accelerate their own intelligence rapidly. This means that the point at which resurrection becomes possible may be from about 2030.
Click to enlarge graphs:
Technology is accelerating on a Double exponential (red line, compared to exponential growth blue). Inventions can suddenly burst into our world changing everything overnight.
(Click to enlarge) "Exponential growth and possible double exponential growth of computing power. On X axis are years, on Y axis are 10-based logarithm of computing power (FLOPS for supercomputers and IPS for typical computers, 1 MIPS on the chart is 6, 1000 MIPS is 9). Blue circle are data provided by Moravec (1998) supplemented by my two points, the blue curve is double exponential curve specified by Kurzweil (2001). The red circles are data from TOP500 list for supercomputers, the highest circles are data for sum of computing power for all top 500 supercomputers. The lower red circles represent computing power of computers number 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500. The brown lines represent single exponential approximation to the data obtained from top500 list. The red curve is double exponential curve for the sum of computing power for all machines in the list". GrzegorzKaczmarczyk.
(click to enlarge) Supercomputing power thru more than 10 years
Supercomputing speed over 60 years in flops.
Trends we can plot show that computing is accelerating.
Energy taken to perform computations is falling exponentially::
(Click to enlarge) Kooney's Law shows the increase in electrical efficiency per calculation is a trend.
Wright's Law 1936 shows faster speeds than Moore's Law.
As well as Moore's Law which accurately predicted the doubling of processing power every 16 months, Koomey's Law shows electrical efficiency of computers doubles every 1.6 years, whilst Wright's Law that transistor prices fall 50% every 1.4 years. These are very fast time scales. Prediction science is more accurate than at any time and expect machines to have human capacities in the 2030's.
A full human brain inside a computer is planned for 2023
CHAOS THEORY MAKES QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY IMPOSSIBLE?
The advent of chaos theory that sprang from the work of Alan Turing showed that the butterfly effect was present in systems. Very small changes, often from sub-systems effected the major systems. This means calculations must be more specific and more maths and computing than we have. New sciences, are certain to come, and the fun is guessing which are sure to come and which must be impossible.
WHO WILL JUDGE THE RESURRECTEES FOR THEIR PAST CRIMES?
"A lawyer's dream of heaven: every man reclaimed his property at the resurrection, and each tried to recover it from all his forefathers." Samuel Butler
Law is specific expert area which is likely to evolve with our technology; retrospective law is not usually allowed by most legal systems. But society will have evolved enough to understand crime as reactions to past events.
CAN FUTURE PEOPLES READ MY THOUGHTS?
If many of the philosophical propositions of A.I. are correct eg "intelligence has no upper limit", "learning is memory modification at speed" "consciousness is sensory input plus internal processing" we are going to be able to build A.I. and it is likely to become progressively cheaper like computers and mobile phones and 3D printers.
The first portable computer in 1975 cost $9,000 and had 16k memory. Today $9,000 would buy you a system with a billion times the memory and you would have $8,000 left!
People in the future - and that means yourself since you will be resurrected if you die and the ideas of Quantum Archaeology are correct - will probably be able to simulate all earth's history in increasing detail, and at some stage will be able to timescan any thought that has existed in men.
You can see that by drawing a graph of how complex our whole earth simulations are. Simulations are increasingly detailed. By 2030 we are likely to be able to read anything that has happened in earth's 3 billion year history past the atomic level....the size needed for human brain archaeology.
Neurons are simulated in increasing detail
WE HAVEN'T BUILT LIFE YET
This is pretty much true, but the minute scale of the building blocks are partly the issue. Measurement is improving and we have already made simple artificial life including stuff that has never existed before by knocking out mitochondrial DNA and replacing it synthetically.
IF WE CAN RAISE THE PAST CAN WE PREDICT THE FUTURE?
Yes. It's the same method. We already make predictions and live by them. A science difficulty is calculation size and being able to compact equations by sufficient progressive amounts. Predictions in the future will be massively more accurate.
A philosophical difficulty is the place of Man and the seeming refutation of free will: that may be answered with 'the compatibility argument' in philosophy, which holds that free will & determinism are not in conflict. Work will need to be done about how to determine which timeline is required, which is at present thought impossible as science, though not as philosophy.
But the people thought of as dead and therefore complete in their life cycle are not going to be dead. Their possibilities may outrun predictability and a battle will continue from today about predicting more complex patterns.
Homospaiens sapiens gained meso dominance on earth because his brain allowed him to predict better than his foes. To keep that advantage homo sapiens jungis must keep his intelligence greater than anyone or anything else...including sentient machines.
ARE THERE ANY LIMITS TO PREDICTION/RETRODICTION?
The limits are the capacity of the machine doing the calculations. If 'M Theory' is correct, then the universe may be too vast for the smartest machine ever to predict it.
However it may still be able to predict enough of it to be useful. It is also likely that coming machines will easily be able to retrodict almost all dead people and their memories, because the machines of the future are going to be very intelligent & have huge capacities.
(Click to enlarge) The is a trendable progression of intelligence. the next successful intelligence is likely to be machine intelligence, many orders greater than a man after 2025.
WHY DOESN'T RESURRECTION HAPPEN IN NATURE?
This objection is the old one that such events are against nature. However resurrection is a daily event in nature - and especially in the human body, where cells are copied as they die replaced by new identical ones. You are already a copy of the 'self' that existed years ago many times over.
I DONT WANT TO RESURRECT!
This issue has been dealt with in Time Enough for Love by Robert Heinlein. Lazarus Long ages, and is so old and feeble he wants to die and attempts suicide. Robots find him before its completed, and rejuvenate him...then he decides he wants to live after all. In Greek mythology Θάνατος (Thánatos) is related to sleep, darkness, and the underworld. Freud discoursed on it, though not specifically by the Geek name, as the counter urge to libido. The death impulse he thought was ego. It may be part of what makes aging bearable and increases as we run down. But a rejuvenated you wouldn't want death....especially when it is healthier and more powerful than it's ever been. This is also true in some practices which aim to dissolve the ego as a path to be free of suffering.
It is possible to have these basic urges out of balance psychologically and many people do without knowing it in an age of acute stress. Wanting not to resurrect is a death wish based on ignorance of what we are, and an inability to recall or have great experiences. In an infinite multiverse, these must also be infinite. The young and healthy demonstrably have a higher libido than thanatos and you can see this in spring lambs that bounce about. In classical psychoanalysis clients with a heightened death wish are treated by revealing the source of their loss and helping them face it.
Thanatos was the Greek God of Death
This seems such a big issue I have written a separate brief on it for people:
The Lazarus Long Delusion.
DOESN'T EVERYONE DIE?
Some life forms do not die. They have evolved ingenious ways to avoid death. One example of this is transdifferentiation, where one type of cell is transformed into another as the life form reverts to youth, rejuvenating for ever.
Turritopsis nutricula the warm water 'immortal jellyfish' constantly rejuvenates
There are many examples in nature that have no natural deaths.
Planarian flatworms dont die by ageing.
Planarian flatworms (above) generate a special enzyme to boost telemeres - presumed important in longevity - enabling them to live indefinitely. Bacteria, jellyfish like turritopsis nutricula, the creosote bush and many others live until a predation event or disease kills them. Hydra found in ponds and seen down a microscope do not die by aging. They reproduce by budding. They constantly renew themselves by stem cells and this process as well as the immune systems is implicated in humans and related to the FoxO gene which is particularly active in people over 100.
With immortal jellyfish, each stage of the medusae, from birth to adult can transform back into polyps. Important observations have been done in laboratory work (Piraino, Stefano; F. Boero, B. Aeschbach, V. Schmid 1996). Specimens of Rockfish the shortraker and the rougheye have been proved to live over 100 and 200 years respectively and that greater depth of water habitats is related to longer lives.
Life can be eternal for the immortal jellyfish, which is able to revert to the infant stage.
Cryptobiotic states enable survival and biologists have revived a bacterium after 250 million years encased in a salt crystal!
Scientists are rushing to slow down, arrest and reverse the aging process, and are aware of such artifices in Nature. Regenerative medicine has advanced from successes in regenerating large body parts into the cell, and will go in the subatomic body, converging with quantum archaeology as dazzling new techniques are trialed.
" We have methods for dedifferentiating cells outside the body, and some cells might in principle be induced to undergo the same process in situ, but there are lots of cells for which that would be a very bad idea, not least neurons!" Aubrey de Grey 2011 (to me).
We are rapidly advancing in understanding toward manipulation of biological and chemical processes and expect artificial systems to outperform mankind before 2045. At the point they can significantly improve themselves, recursive computing will dramatically speed to make vast calculations possible. It is guessed at that point people will cease to die as complex machines reprogramme our biology, and we will have enough computing and other capacity to start resurrecting the dead.
HOW LONG DO PEOPLE LIVE?
122 is the oldest to date by Jeanne Calment. The Singularity Hub has noted there are pockets of long lived people in
Sardinia
Okinawa
Loma Linda, California
Costa Rica’s Nicoya Peninsula
Ikaria, Greece
sharing similar characteristics including longevity diets rich in antioxidants like sweet potato, exercise, very low stress, existential meaning often with rituals, and good family and social bonds. There are individuals who live long outside those groups. Medical research is striking into aging therapies and calorie restricted diets have been proven to work in other mammals, with mega supplements under toxic doses showing extended lifespans by similar metabolic pathways in yeast, fruits flies, worms and rodents (M C Price 'How to live to 200', Longevity report 91).
As the biochemical process of aging is mapped and intervention technology devised, aging will be slowed then halted then reversed, sustaining people at their peak. That isn't coming separately from other sciences but together and at acceleration. Body functions, including brain are being supplemented from biology where they can correct malfunctions and soon where they give advantages. Immortality is well underway as a science. Within 15 years scientists are likely to begin studying resurrection seriously (it is still fringe and blasphemous at present).
The benefits of longevity affect more than just individuals as experience may be preserved.feeding in to a general quickening pace of discovery.
DOES ANYTHING IN NATURE RESURRECT?
Most things do but not with their memories, and in new bodies. The species pattern in what nature selects for renewal and springtime is the best example of this. Scientists are trying to resurrect extinct species - including hominids - and their work is promising.
I cant find anything in nature that resurrects per se although this is probably ignorance of nature's complexity.
If mankind is the first beings to raise their dead including their memories, that is an evolutionary leap.
To assert resurrection is somehow impossible is to validate death as a final position of particles or energy. There is no known final position (relative force changes) according to M Theory. Everything that is moves, and everything that moves is. In the vastness of the multiverse humans are unlikely to be the first things to effect their own resurrections. Although we dont know about them, manipulating statistics and commanding micro robots is a good a way as any. In a simple perspective, pattern recur, and resurrected people are just complex recurring patterns.
FILMS OF THE PAST
Battle of Trafalgar
The histories we portray in films are increasingly realistic with hours of research. At some point we will be able to see actual footage of every scene that has existed from every angle, including the subjective thoughts of long dead people, as the quantumarchaeology grid is assembled.
If ever there was a check on moral action from science, quantum archaeology makes it. We really are being watched by future peoples!
HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL WE RESURRECT?
Everyone.
Resurrection likely to be a basic human right, and human rights law wouldn't have to be modified very much to incorporate it. The resurrectees,and their resurrected leaders are going to demand their say in the course of recursive history as we push into space and the quantum world. Whole armies which fell in battle, people who's lives were snapped off in youth, tragic still born babies, great statesmen, scientists and mystics are all going to be awoken to full health by coming medical science causing massive shifts in our consciousness.Cut-off points for what is human and relivable and what may not be will no doubt be legislated for.
WHAT DOES 'REVERSING DYING' TO PHILOSOPHY?
Quantum archaeology ushers in speculation about the limits of numbers and identity.
If a technological singularity happens, thought unavoidable if mankind avoids catastrophe with accelerating science, everything we can anticipate is inadequate.
Absolute sentience, omniscient power, purpose, transactions and limits may continue in different forms.
Mankind is soon going to have masses of his thinking done for him by computers that presently just do simple comparing and calculating tasks. Logic has moved into machines, and their first leap could be to look like us. This is so we can understand by copying all human attributes. After that their shape and form - and our own as we merge with them - is speculative. Some think the future of intelligent entities is balls of light.
Artificially intelligent robots are already walking talking and helping men live.
"The history of logic continues as machinery." Dr Richard Wallace (to me 2002).
It may be that deduction is so brilliant in machines that inductive logic becomes obsolete. indeed induction may itself be a subset of deduction at speed in multi-perspectives or hierarchical classes Stephen Hawking has affirmed his view that we will need to merge with machines to survive.
An aim of philosophy is friendship with skill. That may be unlimited as fractal theory suggest the universe may have no limits to complexity, even as infinite regress.
The exact prediction of much more intelligent systems may be intrinsically impossible, but something can be said about markers they would have to pass from historical trends, and humans might well split into distinct competitive species; In 2001 while at Starlab Hugo De Garis writing on Kurzweilai.net anticipated the split which he saw diverging into separate beings in conflict for scare resources:
"Robot artificial intelligence is evolving a million times faster than human intelligence. This is a consequence of Moore’s law, which states that the electronic performance of chips is doubling every year or so, whereas it took a million years for our human brains to double their capacities.
It is therefore likely that it is only a matter of time before our machines become smarter than we are. It is also likely that this development will occur this century..."
and
"I foresee humanity splitting into two major ideological, bitterly opposed groups over the “species dominance” issue, i.e., should humanity build artilects or not. These two groups I label the “Cosmists” (in favor of building them) and the “Terrans” (who are opposed).
To the Cosmists (based on the word “cosmos”), building artilects will be a religion (compatible with and based upon modern science), as the destiny of the human species and as the magnificent goal of creating the next rung up the ladder of dominant species.
To the Terrans (based on the word “terra,” the earth), building such artilects means accepting the risk that one day, in an advanced state, these artilect gods might decide, for whatever reason, that the human species is so inferior and such a pest, that they should exterminate us. With their gargantuan intellects, such a task would not be difficult for them.
The Terrans, in the limit, will try to exterminate the Cosmists if the latter insist on building artilects, for the sake of preserving the survival of the human species. Since the stake is so high (namely whether the human species survives or not) the passion levels will be high. The Cosmists will anticipate the murderous hatred of the Terrans and will defend themselves."
Cosmists is a different term from the Russian cosmists whose papers had not been much translated in 2001.
Philosophy has to be based on what the philosophers are capable of doing, and what their internal goals are. In every case this means survival for themselves or their ideas.
Long dead empires will re-rise and old scores settled, unless we are clever enough to practice a higher wisdom.
If we are just to die after 60 or 80 years of life, often enduring suffering, life may seem pointless. But if we are to live for ever as a basic substrate, life is suddenly a different proposition.
THE MEANING OF LIFE
Stanford gives a good overview of the history of meaning of life.
This has bothered philosophers for centuries but in every scientific case it was assumed death was final and inevitable in the present body. Given immortality for all beings, living and presently dead, "What's the meaning of life?" suddenly becomes pointless. Life must become a basic property like the higgs boson field which gives mass to objects, or gravity which given them weight. To wish to die would be seen as symptomatic of a problem in a person and they would be cured. We are scratching the surface of depression and other maladies in biochemistry and psychoanalysis, and generally a young being who is healthy and doesn't have overwhelming psychological problems always wants to live. You can see it in spring lambs bouncing in the fields.
There are many questions. Why shouldn't every possible human life be built and given immortality? For that matter why shouldn't every possible lifeform be built as well? If we achieve the technology to build a former copy of a person, we must also be able to build all those.
Frank Tipler has answered this by positing all will indeed be built. Nick Bostrom has answered this by suggesting future civilisation may run simulations of all history, so why not all possible histories - including those that never were? All these may be viable, and despite seeming much, compared to the infinite multiverse, would occupy insignificant fractions of the cosmic space available. Far from being preposterous, total reconstructions and creation looks likely by beings in the future.
DOES QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY INVALIDATE CRYONICS?
No. If you are about to die you should rush to get frozen for safety. The more data about yourself you store the easier it may be to resurrect you. You frozen self may also have enormous cash value! You should also get your DNA print out and store it, whose cost has tumbled from billions of dollars to $100 (2014), and when available, your epigenetic print out.
The Terasem Movement Foundation will store many details about you. If you can get a cryonic suspension it is wise to get that. Quantum resurrection has not been achieved yet and there may be some unforeseeable reason why it could not work. Quantum archaeology is an important addition to resurrection science which the cryonics movement began. We dont know we will be able to reconfigure the past in enough detail, to reassemble it until we've done it; its just very likely we will, based on current trends.
Cryonics assumes future technologies to revive people, and quantum archaeology is a variation of how a past person will be re-established as a living entity.
We share common aims and it may well be that people resurrected from cryonics will approach quantum archaeology businesses to recover their lost memories both from the time of death and before that.
Robert Ettinger talked about the likelihood of resurrecting people from cryostasis, which would test "the odds that humanity will survive, develop the technology, and revive people."
Cryonics helps preserve data about a person.
There is no reason why you couldn't bring back favourite pets who will recognize you.
(Click to enlarge) 2,500yr old brain preserved in wet conditions. York, UK
QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY IS COUNTER-INTUITIVE
It is also against surface observation! We observe people dying and they have never come back. Many people have been raised to accept death is a door to an afterlife about which Man can have no knowledge. Science is at the point where many of our discoveries are the opposite of what we would instinctively believe they could be. This is because our mathematics and our machines...which are physical embodiments of our mathematics... are becoming so complicated no-one could think them up from scratch. Each builds on the previous.
Because something is counter intuitive cannot mean it is wrong, and there are many examples where logic is accepted over intuition and observation, as Wittegnstein notes, such as the earth goes round the sun even though we see the sun rising. Until the first man went above the earth, there was insufficient proof that the earth was spherical from direct observation. This proof is called empirical proof, because things can be seen. However there is also logical proof, which has to be accepted as true in science when the propositions are true, and the deduction is valid.
Quantum Archaeology is based on many propositions (which are true) and many rules (which are true); even though the conclusion seems impossible and in conflict with our instinct, we MUST accept it as true when both the propositions are true and the rules of logic have been correctly applied. Einstein discusses "true" in his 1916 work on Relativity. He redefined the Universe as Ptolomy and Copernicus had according to George Bernard Shaw. All three are dead at the time of writing...
27km CERN under France and Switzerland already manipulates particles smaller than atoms.
Although sub-atomic manipulation requires machines as big as towns, that demand will shrink following laws of miniaturization, growing in complexity and amounts able to be manipulated. Such systems are physical embodiments, but quantum archaeologists may concentrate on statistical and mathematical models and leave quantum assembly to archaeological engineers.
MAN IS CHANGING BY ADDING BITS
We began adding parts to ourselves with the first bandage, but we are now able to add biochemicals and microchips. we will add more until it is difficult to tell what is a machine and what is a man.
Our course is not certain and there are perils ahead like runaway machine intelligence that we have never had to face. Most of the hominid lines failed unable to cope with what nature set upon them. Only homosapiens continued, possibly dwindling to 300 people.
"Man is a rope, tied between beast and superman - a rope over an abyss." - Friedrich Nietzsche.
We dare not be complacent in this window of survival. Vernor Vinge alerted us to the approaching tsunami of technology and pointed out we have until 2030 before the human era is overtaken by machines so intelligent it is pointless to try and understand them. We are moving from the top predator on earth to a subordinate unless we handle this change accurately. There has never been a time when the destiny of Man was so much in the hands of visionary mavericks.
WHY WASN'T QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY DISCOVERED BEFORE
Technology. Resurrection has been argued through recorded history but hadn't enough science nor technology.
Ideas about resurrection are ancient, but until 1859 when Charles Darwin published On The Origin of Species By Means Of Natural Selection,
"All that we can do, is to keep steadily in mind that each organic being is striving to increase at a geometrical ratio; that each at some period of its life, during some season of the year, during each generation or at intervals, has to struggle for life, and to suffer great destruction. When we reflect on this struggle, we may console ourselves with the full belief, that the war of nature is not incessant, that no fear is felt, that death is generally prompt, and that the vigorous, the healthy, and the happy survive and multiply."
Evolution will not stop because we can reverse death in men. Systems are already competing for fitness and being overtaken by one more fit for the environment. Designs like the umbrella have stayed the same for thousands of years, the earliest in Egyptian cave drawings.
The ancient umbrella. Exhumed from the emperor of China's terracota army 210 BCE
Although some things in Nature reach a plateau of evolution, many change. Mankind is adapting into machines, taking them as replacement parts into his body, and will gain astonishing abilities at accelerating rates of change
Go to page 6 >>>>
QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY 6/9 HOW DEAD IS DEAD?
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We need to do the knowledge! knowledge is the most fundamental area of modern physics. We need to map every route of our evolution from stromatolites (which can be both organic and non-organic, our ancestors) to modern man, tracing lines of connection on the quantum archaeology grid.These lines of connection are the laws of physics. Unknown laws will be discovered as we trace these lines, and many unknown lines will be discovered as we inserted the laws of physics.It is indeed possible to draw such lines, in near infinite complexity and the enormity of the wildly speculative attempt to capture the laws of science (Einstein) need not dissuade us, for it is only a concern about the size of calculation. Coming techniques may answer it, and present maths and sciences can have a surprising success rate in reconstructions that look like sleight of hand.Arthur C Clarke had toyed with the idea of resurrection but may have been unaware of algorithmic probability breaking statistics which I was lucky enough to be inducted to by Solomonov. Specific results can be extracted from white noise which seemed truly unimaginable to me at the beginning. Configuring what must have been is like assembling jigsaws:
“If there is any way in which we can ever observe the past, it must depend upon technologies not only unborn but today unimagined. Yet the idea does not involve any logical contradictions or scientific absurdities…"
"The reconstruction of the past is an idea even more fantastic than its observation; it includes that, and goes far beyond it. Indeed, it is nothing less than the concept of resurrection...""
"Suppose that sometime in the future our descendants acquire the power to observe the past in such detail that they can record the movement of every atom that ever existed. Suppose they reconstruct, on the basis of this information, selected people, animals, and places from the past. So, though you actually dies in the Twenty-First Century, another ‘you’, complete with all memories up to the moment of observation, might suddenly find yourself in the far future, continuing to live a new existence from then onwards.” Profiles of the Future (1999) Arthur C Clarke
The biggest tool by far will be post-human general machine intelligence. Once that arrives (expected in the 2020's though there have been false dawns since the 1950's) resurrection will be instantaneous and myriad other problems will be also have been solved However Quantum Archaeology is a sporting attempt to do it long hand.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1353535561157/home/cartoon.jpg?height=400&width=355[/img]
Our society works at stopping dying, slowing dying, combating diseases (which is all dying is). We try to secure enough food and healthy living conditions, and as much medical intervention as we can. Some of us take supplements with proto lifestyle imperatives to extend life and arrange cryonic suspension. Truly good minds like Michael West and Aubrey Ge Grey are specifically working on extending life or eliminating the causes of death to reach 'longevity escape velocity.'
In this rush to not die, few considered the already dead.It was assumed these were beyond help because death itself had become mystical in cultural denial, since there was no conceivable way the death could be reversed to tribal peoples, and those tribal memes comforted the vast masses men who never went into battle nor learned the 'fear not' rule of the battle hardened warrior cry "Today is a good day to die!"Death denial and its consequent attribution with special qualities is part of deceit that is built into Nature. in its simplest form deceit is seen as camouflage. As it perculates up into intelligence, expanding the simple programs to complex one, deceit becomes proficiency in mysticism - a professor of deceit is almost as popular as the comedian, and they both reduce stress and anxiety, fear and worry and achieve communal bonding.It is absurd to suppose philosophy does not engage the average man: his every waking moment is dominated by it, and the more he can reduce what he should do and conclude to a list of maxims, the less stressed and therefore the happier he will be. Even in a state of seeming hell, the person on their death bed with a sufficient mental library of maxims is visibly happier than one whop have yet to conclude on life's mysteries, and among the most useful of these was denial of death itself as no more mysterious than any other biochemical process. Relief is best assured by inciting the imagination and giving maxims of resurrection or continuity. There can now be given honestly because they are certainly true. The mathematics and statistics for resurrection are already enough to begin it.Widespread acceptance in the scientific community that we are working on medical archaeology to resurrect the dead & that it is just a matter of time before it succeeds, will profoundly change society's view of existence. Pacing, law, rectitude,assiduousness of duty, self-discipline and endeavor, assistance to each other and kindness itself will be seen as beneficial. Because every thought and deed can be shown to be viewable from the future.It wont be all good. But it wont be all bad. Mankind will graduate to a higher school and a bigger pond. The dangers on this larger stage will be immense, but the quality and potential of life much greater. Commercial companies will store your life equations updating them every second in case you are killed and need to be resurrected - and there will be a boom in the insurance business.PREDICTION IS RETRODICTION-REVERSEDPeople are less certain where the limits of science are. [img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology/_/rsrc/1322496576910/home/ptolemy-2nd-century-ad-granger.jpg?height=400&width=336[/img]
Ptolemy of Alexandria (90-168 C.E.) observed the world and stars and noticed the eternal laws of Cause & Effect, collating and refining systems.
""Of the prediction itself, one portion is regional;.....Another division of the prediction is chronological.....A part, too, is generic;.....And finally there is the specific aspect, by which we shall discern the quality of the event itself" — Tetrabiblos Ptolemy c.120 C.E.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology/_/rsrc/1323598692340/home/ephemeris-tabular-may-june-2008.gif?height=345&width=400[/img]
(Click to enlarge) The Ephemeris :the roots of Quantum Archaeology are ancient and lie in astronomy and astrology which tried to make predictions based on planetary motions.
[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1337368788673/home/horarcht.gif?height=370&width=400[/img]
The roots of retrodiction are in alchemy and astrology
This fantastic - almost insane fanaticism among astrologers to dowse the past and divine the future, demanded such skill in statistics and mathematics few could do it. Spurred on by potential rewards of transmutation and prediction they pioneered stupendous techniques which are today the basis of mathematics, statistics and cryptology.
[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1338814391480/home/kenngruppenbuch.jpg?height=274&width=400[/img]
The German Enigma Code Book
WHAT IS RESURRECTED WONT BE HUMAN!?[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1350399860861/home/Female_cyborgs5.jpg?height=400&width=330[/img]
This issue fascinates futurists. Technology wont just be enabling resurrection of the ancient dead to new bodies, but to super-human bodies. The senses will be heightened and the brain to deal with them far better. Neither the body nor brain are mystical just complicated. Although their assembly in history was from simple parts, the accumulation of complexity is bigger than anything conscious man has ever built. by many factors. But it wont stay like that. A generation in computing is less than 18 months, while for men it remains at about 18 years. Progress is accelerating. Kurzweil said his best achievement was the Law of Accelerating Returns: showing technology development is accelerating and accelerating on top of that, on predictable trends. If Quantum Archaeology takes the 20-40 years guessed, the world it enters will have sped to amazing levels of capabilities far beyond what are imagined. Ethiopians and transhumanists believe that humanness itself will change, increasing its humanity, more degrees of freedom, flexibility, speed of action and thought, higher intelligence, and shapes and abilities hard to define.The acceleration of modification from one form to another may not plateau and any projection may be good only for a few moments before another form surpasses it to meet its environment, which wont just be outerspace, but the inner world of infinite dimensions and contexts. Invention has generally come about to meet a challenge, but invention like abstract art will strike out by launch and not to achieve anything in particular.WHAT ABOUT MY DEAD PET?There will be no scientific barrier to resurrecting any living thing, and quantum archaeology is a natural progression from cloning.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1352868692172/home/images.jpeg?height=338&width=400[/img]
Pets like men have plot points in history
THE EXISTENTIAL QUESTION[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1345717870773/home/ape.jpeg?height=298&width=400[/img]
Predictions and warnings are set out in fiction.
Sometime - probably in the next 40 years (from 2012) mankind is going to have the capacity to build machines that could out-think all human civilization. Not many futurists (people's whose profession it is to make accurate predictions for money) doubt this will occur. That point has many names, including 'The Singularity'. When it happens the human era is over: Man is no longer top of the food chain nor the dominant intelligence on earth or in the known cosmos, and unless he has modified and upgraded fatser than his machines, he may be at their mercyIncepting that enormous power, many futurists think accelerating intelligence will be achieved at a speed far greater than human mutating intelligence increase (the Flynn effect states human general IQ's raise 6 points per generation).Between one generation of machine intelligence and another there may be a doubling in brilliance (measured in computers as MS, Memory modification multiplied by Speed) The time span would not be one human generation of 20 years, but perhaps a second, then half a second, then 1/4 of a second.This acceleration would itself accelerate past asymptotic growth capacity.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1354728324653/home/As.jpg[/img]
It is the end of the world we have known, though some peoples may chose to continue to live with minimal machinery, their lives could may be unaffected by such an event. Is the Singularity a catastrophe or a great advance? That is the most pressing question in A.I. today and whole institutions have been set up to study it, both government-funded and enthusiast or charity funded. The prediction may be utterly wrong, and no such event may occur. Few scientists believe this and Stuart Armstrong at the Future of Humanity Institute has drawn graphs of opinions from different communities charting responses at Oxford.My own view after years studying it, is that the extinction of life is a likely occurrence as A.I. emerges, and much of my own work at the London A.I. Club was to find a containment protocol for runaway artificial intelligence. If it contained, the future looks spectacular by way of facilities, and resurrection of the dead almost certain.IS SCIENCE CAUSAL?What has absolutely caused a riot in science and philosophy is the split in two camps:1. Cause & Effect people (called 'determinists')and 2. Randomists (who believe things exist by mysterious forces)Both put technology as proof they are correct quantum technology is growing. They truce on the quantum world and the large world having different sets of laws, but no-one really believes this and there is an impasse. The randomists are charging at full cry, throwing Galileo's first maxim away (observation then explanation) with their explanations at present, building breaking technologies like quantum systems.The two positions are clearly set out in just two maxims, one by Einstein the other by Planck.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1354119195232/home/bonkers.jpg?height=274&width=320[/img]
Einstein (who discovered Relativity):“Scientific research is based on the idea that everything that takes place is determined by laws of nature, and therefore this holds for the action of people." Planck (who invented the quantum theory):"All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force... We must assume behind this force the existence of a conscious and intelligent Mind. "[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1334378104593/home/Hermes.jpg?height=400&width=275[/img]
Hermes Trismegistus said to have lived 48 centuries ago.The jury is still out! That quantum events behave strangely may not mean Cause & Effect is deceased and were it dead, determinism could still be useful. Time seems weird in the quantum world. Stuff like quantum entanglement seems to show things can move otherthings in contravention of time limits We dont know much about quantum events yet and to chuck away Causality without being able to observe could be even more bizare!"People like us, who believe in physics, know that the distinction between past, present, and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion." - EinsteinEinstein was sure Quantum Theory had lost its reason in its explanation for what was going on in the quantum. Though he accepted what could be observed measured and predicted, he scoffed at the idea things were non-causal and stated we simply didn't understand yet and it would eventually return to Cause and Effect. The Many Worlds Interpretation claims to have returned the quantum world to Cause and Effect in some important areas. We cant go small enough to measure the intricate complexities of the quantum world which look very odd compared to classical physics.However, it has laws there, and we are using them. Some scientists gamble that the Quantum World will eventually be observed to indeed be Cause and Effect and new ideas are awaited.Meanwhile we predict probabilistically which is astonishingly like all big systems where there's too much data to predict causally. Periodically scientists come forward who claim to have overturned Einstein, but at least one, at CERN, has had the decency to resign when Einstein was proved accurate yet again that nothing moves faster than light..Einstein is the greatest scientist in the history of the world to date and his scientific judgements should be weighed deeply. From a peer group including his wife and family of scientists, his solar struggle was heroic and in his lifetime was already a legend compared to Ptolemy, Copernicus, Newton, Aristotle and Euclid. There is no-one, not even Nobel prize winners who come near his grasp of elementary science.If that seems to be lionising him I challenge you to read his first paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. Couched in simple language within a few ideas you are inside the mind of a giant which stretched the mankind.
The oldest science laws I can find, which may be just legend, are those of Hermes Trismegistus, Hermes.Three Times Great, (Thoth).- 1. Mentalism (everything is mind of the One")
- 2. Correspondence ("as above so below" - fractal theory)
- 3. Vibration ("everything vibrates")
- 4. Polarity ("everything exists in opposites")
- 5. Rhythm ("everything has rhythms")
- 6. Cause and Effect ("everything but One is causes and effects of other things")
- 7. Gender ("everything has male and female aspects")
In case you think this essay gone mad discussing astrology and the mythical Hermes, I cite them only as part of the history of science and the emergence of cause and effect. Planck who was a churchwarden, cites mentalism as a given, and a cosmic intelligence, leaping in his last two sentences with no apparent link.
Correspondence seems part of a deeper idea that there are repeating patterns in our universe which is necessarily limited while there are laws. But it is certainly true generally, and the orbit of electrons has often been compared t the orbit of planets.
This could be sub-atomic structures or large structures:[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1337126941758/home/volcano.jpg?height=225&width=400[/img]
An underwater volcano
[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology2/_/rsrc/1328126665658/home/project_image_bose.jpg?height=278&width=400[/img]
An actual snap of the quantum world: the.Bose–Einstein condensate. Quantum Statistics is a field Einstein worked in.
[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1352133035462/home/1_SL.jpg?height=208&width=320[/img]
Man strives for perfect patternation.
As long as there are laws in the quantum world we will be able to predict and retrodict and that means quantum archaeology. The search is on to find them.
Quantum archaeology assumes there are laws governing every human action and therefore the past can be reconstructed by back plotting via the laws of science. I am purposely pounding this because at present QA is almost unknown, although at London Futurists, the speaker, Giulio Prisco called for a vote 12 of 48 attendees, some notable, thought quantum archaeology possible.
"There is no matter as such. All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particle of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system of the atom together. We must assume behind this force the existence of a conscious and intelligent mind. This mind is the matrix of all matter.” - Max Planck
Matter exists as much as force exists and is utterly dependent on observation for description. It is as valid a perspective as force is. The theoretical conflict between pure and applied mathematics is only resolvable by experiment which has to include observation or it cannot be accepted as explanation.
Quantum Archaeology can accommodate emerging science, but that cannot be a dismissal of valid perspectives, but only an incorporation of them. The search for ultimate truth is as bogus as the quest for the longest sentence possible or the infinite Turing machine. None could be empirically observed, and Wittgenstein's 7th (maxim) in Tractatus - That of which we can say nothing we must pass over in silence- may be the better course. Or else abandon science for speculations without experiment.It s not explanations of the quantum world which are building technology but empirical research and manufacturing.It's about building the past back up, and deals with how to recreate anything long gone by mathematical calculation - in or out of computers.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1336247838369/home/435_archaeology.jpg[/img]
160 Billion of people who died since 50,000 BC, may be resurrected in 40 years time.
If you had a favourite toy as a child, or a house or castle, even whole cities that were bombed with all the people in them, you can build them back again by retrodiction then quantum machine assembly.
It is an historian's paradise, because you can assemble living, dead, and never alive objects.
You just have to decide what scale of archaeology you wish to pursue and set your controls accordingly. It is likely to be a huge industry long before we can do simulations of the human galaxy.
Techniques like algorithmic probability enables vast data to be whittled down to assemble specific details.
I'M OLD, I DONT WANT TO RESURRECT. (THE LAZARUS LONG DELUSION).
You can only have unbiased judgment in a state of well-being, on the whole. But the mind in the body suffering, deludes itself of its impartiality.
A surprising number of people dont want resurrection unaware of this delusion. I have found only two reasons for this:
1. When young they realized death was inevitable and so have programmed themselves to accept death. Challenging it causes revolution in the psyche;
2. They are unaware of the body's effect on their reasoning. They haven't read Time Enough For Love by Robert Heinlein. Lazarus Long is centuries old and commits suicide. Before complete, police bots find and rejuvenate him. He feels great and wants to live again. This must happen to everyone I believe because we are beings bonded by biological urges that filter into us as our mind.
Nature has built us with a progressive death wish as we age to make degeneracy into death bearable. Some Freudians call it Thanatos. Libido is what you see in young animals bouncing around. When you resurrected back to youth your body will be full of libido and you will want to live without any psychology or argument from quantum archaeologists.
People confuse death with the cessation of suffering. You cant need to die to stop suffering: to stop suffering you have to get to full health and peace.
The only honest way to test it is to try both states: Try being dead and try being young again - and see which you prefer!
I'm not kidding. That should be possible in systems well within quantum archaeology's skills.
Some people are locked in ego and may find it hard to believe their essential tastes and drives are products of their biology, their biology is a product of chemistry and their chemistry of the laws of physics.
Some organized groups centuries old will challenge this, but my experience of studying them is they change where they have, to in order to survive. When people are resurrected in front of your eyes, false assumptions will crumble and the groups change or membership will ebb away. The profound change in our psyche is that death doesn't exist, soon aging and ill health as we know it wont exist, and everything we have accepted as immutable facts of philosophy will be laughed at: "In those days you n know people used to die...can you imagine thinking you could ever die?"
The word will have to take on a new meaning to have any meaning at all.
Quantum Archaeology is not a challenge to morality, it is one of the most moral attempts so far in man's technology.WHY YOU SHOULDN'T COMMIT SUICIDE.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1352137027446/home/cag4.jpg[/img] Seneca, an early humanist, was forced to commit suicide by the Emperor adapted here in Caligula (1979)1. Because suffering is going to be reversed. You wont have had it. the present you is not the final judge of reality. Like winding a film of history back, history is likely to be changed and the suffering taken out, without any loss of identity. This is a hard area in philosophy and outside the scope of this essay.2. Because you wont have any say in what the world will become.
3. Because QA is NOT certain. 4. Because suicide doesn't give you rest, or relief: you cease to exist.If you die, you will probably be resurrected, but the world in which you surface will be built by other people using artificially intelligent machines.
Your return is unlikely to be unconditional at first: you will have to obey the laws that have evolved while you where not there.
The maximum game strategy is to survive as long as you can. Many will not have to die but just get rejuvenation. They will be able to control investments and some may influence policy.
Suiciding out might only be useful as last resort, attempting it is illegal in many nations. Feeling you dont want to live is a normal part of the spectrum of human emotions.
Depressed we have the Lazarus Long delusion -.that life isn't worth it, but undepressed we dont feel that at all. If depression persists you could have a treatable illness and should seek help. Over the counter anti-depressants can lift someone out of suffering quickly.
There is a cost/benefit judgement of living/not living, but QA certainly must be part of that process.Logically, there is no longer a terminal illness.[REVISE - keep your opinions out ....just state the facts]
HOW DOES QUANTUM ARCHAEOLOGY DIFFER FROM TIPLER'S OMEGA POINT THEORY?
Quantum archaeology does not reply on a Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics (nor on any other explanation of the quantum world that involves a universal wavelength of infinite superpositions). It worlds with or without it. With a causal or any other lawful state, although as causality is best understood, this essay is written from that position. As long as laws govern the state of things, quantum archaeology suggests resurrection is feasible soon.
In Tiplerian ontology, human or other technology accelerates until our universe is metabolised as an intelligent system. Here, since it would necessarily be intelligent, it would simulate all possible scenarios of history, re-engineering all of them to eliminate suffering (see David Pearce's Paradise Engineering)¬ and also to enable immortality. This Tipler theorizes would necessarily happen at the Omega point- the point when all physical events in our universe had been harnessed.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1345097081090/home/Omega-Point.jpg?height=225&width=400[/img]
An Omega Point in Tiplerian philosophy enables our universe to re-engineer itself.
Quantum Archaeology assumes only ONE timeline, ONE linear history, and looks to ONE resurrection at a much earlier point ie as soon as Superintelligence has been achieved. This is presently estimated to be when computers can simulate the whole of human history ( estimated by Nick Bostrom to require a system with a capacity for floating operation points up to 10^40) and micro machines do sufficient dynamic reconstructions of molecular events to effect human resurrections.
Ettinger pointed out the danger of relying solely on quantum archaeology and abandoning storing data of dying people in cryonic suspensions as QA hadn't been achieved yet and was still theory until it did.
It is obviously easier to recover information about a deceased person whose body is stored in sub-zero temperatures, than one about whom you have no physical remains.
However Quantum Archaeology must fail if it could not reconstruct the body and memories of any deceased person eg by using an historical logic graph or quantum archaeology grid.
Quantum archaeology may fail, because like cryonics, and all futurism, it is an argument to the future, and cryonics, and other mitigations like recording events from your life and regular and increasingly accurate brain scan cartographs, is an important safety precaution.
Arguments to the future are banned in philosophy, but futurists necessarily use them for planning and prediction.
We can know some things about the future, barring catastrophe:
1. It will come.
2. It will be more high-tech.
3 Things will be cheaper.
4. We will have more understanding of how things work.
5. Things once thought possible but too difficult will be done routinely.
6. Some things thought impossible will be done routinely.
These happenings have held since the industrial revolution and long before that, and can be drawn on trends which may calculate the speed of change (The Law of Accelerating Returns, Moore's Law, Kooney's Law, Wright's Law, Rose's Law). This is regarded as inevitable progress, - the wider public expects progress, and to that extent are hardened futurists.
M-Theory indicates our universe is not the only one, but one among countless others.
If true, we could never achieve but a local Omega Point. Gödel's incompleteness theory would prevent capture of total information by a universe of itself. The amount of difficult or impossible may be insignificant for early resurrectees, and more for later ones who have more memories.
At some near point men are going to stop dying. Scientists are already working on halting and reversing aging. "The seven types of aging damage proposed by de Grey (The Seven Deadly Things)Main article: Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence- Cancer-causing nuclear mutations/epimutations: These are changes to the nuclear DNA (nDNA), the molecule that contains our genetic information, or to proteins which bind to the nDNA. Certain mutations can lead to cancer, and, according to de Grey, non-cancerous mutations and epimutations do not contribute to aging within a normal lifespan, so cancer is the only endpoint of these types of damage that must be addressed.
- Mitochondrial mutations: Mitochondria are components in our cells that are important for energy production. They contain their own genetic material, and mutations to their DNA can affect a cell’s ability to function properly. Indirectly, these mutations may accelerate many aspects of aging.
- Intracellular aggregates: Our cells are constantly breaking down proteins and other molecules that are no longer useful or which can be harmful. Those molecules which can’t be digested simply accumulate as junk inside our cells. Atherosclerosis, macular degeneration and all kinds of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease) are associated with this problem.
- Extracellular aggregates: Harmful junk protein can also accumulate outside of our cells. The amyloid senile plaque seen in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients is one example.
- Cell loss: Some of the cells in our bodies cannot be replaced, or can only be replaced very slowly - more slowly than they die. This decrease in cell number causes the heart to become weaker with age, and it also causes Parkinson's disease and impairs the immune system.
- Cell senescence: This is a phenomenon where the cells are no longer able to divide, but also do not die and let others divide. They may also do other things that they’re not supposed to, like secreting proteins that could be harmful. Immune senescence and type 2 diabetes are caused by this.
- Extracellular crosslinks: Cells are held together by special linking proteins. When too many cross-links form between cells in a tissue, the tissue can lose its elasticity and cause problems including arteriosclerosis and presbyopia." (wikipedia August 2012)
There will be few people to resurrect at some point because life technology and back-up safety will be so good, almost no-one will die.
There may be no culpability in our legal systems, in favour of enquirey into what the problem is? There is already an observable trend in abolishing the death sentence in favour of imprisonment and rehabilitation.
But if maintained as some states do, death sentence may only hold until that civilization had passed away. The EU has no death penalty, and the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office states on its website:
"The UK opposes the death penalty in all circumstances as a matter of principle. We believe it undermines human dignity, there is no conclusive evidence of its deterrent value, and any miscarriage of justice leading to its imposition is irreversible and irreparable."FCO [img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1345095784583/home/chair.jpg[/img]
MORALITY
Judgement is not something that is easy to develop into a science, and reflects the values of contemporary society. Mercenaries, for instance, have defended civilisation by military murders for pay. Are these good or bad acts? Have any killings now been done, and if not, how should mercenaries be judged? Is there a position beyond good and evil, that any humanist would instantly recognize: that all human kind is intrinsically valuable, infinitely valuable, and death no longer makes life pointless, and crime an intelligent response to a futile existence that was sure to end in suffering and disintegration? [img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1345098545548/home/Bel.jpg?height=366&width=400[/img]
The last of the Romans, and arguably the world's greatest general, Belisarius blind and begging at the gates of Constantinople. (David)
Their profession was defended in the famous poem: Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries These, in the day when heaven was falling The hour when earth's foundations fled, Followed their mercenary calling, And took their wages, and are dead. Their shoulders held the sky suspended; They stood, and earth's foundations stay; What God abandoned, these defended, And saved the sum of things for pay. A.E. Housman
What it s morality? How is it continuous? Is the subject once again per se valuable since possible immortality and resurrection exploded onto the stage of thinkers? Or has objectivity swept the value of a person into the same balance as respective groups of atoms patternations? How will Quantum Archaeology, transhumanist technologies and sciences change our inner worlds and everyday thoughts that make us what we are in the present? What will the present mean with no time limit? Will we be able to claim our causal pasts for interest as part of our identity all the way to infinity!?
One thing is clear: our thoughts can never be the same. Death is abolished by order of the state of science. That must follow from acceptance that QA is not impossible. For if it is not impossible, in the infinite cosmos, quantum archaeology will certainly happen.
Not even the many talented graduates who read this paper will be able to move the paradigms of assumed values in their inner worlds. It will take massive shifts in the collective psyche.
Should people who were executed by the State be compensated on resurrection? What of people who successfully concealed their crimes (which can now be played in 3D on any personal computer that has a quantum archaeology grid software-to-video converter)?
The massive lifeboat of quantum archaeology will go back for at least the entire human race, and pull people out of the sea-death of the past, to indefinite life in the continuous present.<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/home/the-lifeboat-william-lionel-wyllie.jpg?attredirects=0">[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1352870333025/home/the-lifeboat-william-lionel-wyllie.jpg?height=216&width=400[/img]
The Lifeboat by Wyllie
WONT TECHNOLOGY SLOW DOWN?
In 2002 HG Wells' The Time Machine showed an interactive hologram from the future:[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1341903129806/home/vox.jpg?height=170&width=400[/img]
In 2011 non-interactive holograms were being put into Manchester and Luton airports[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1341903624134/home/air.jpg?height=254&width=400[/img]
The airport hologram is not yet as sophisticated as Vox from Hollywood, but it isn't far off and will upgrade rapidly, driven by profits and because it saves labor. Labour saving is one of the great drivers of technology and it is possible to sketch trends showing that no-one will need to work as mechanization advances. That at least is a general aim.
Ray Kurzweil has proved the acceleration of innovative technology doesn't slow, even during wars.(The Singularity is Near) Presently human ingenuity and labour is used to produce inventions, but we will see mechanization of intelligent work. Recursive artificially intelligent machines are being attempted in many different approaches like expert systems, language manipulation, artificial neural brains, genetic devices, and reverse engineering of biosystems. They are achieving fantastic degrees of success. Progress is not slowing, nor is it it staying constant. It is accelerating on an acceleration when plotted logarithmically. We cant observe it intuitively as our minds work linearly but configured on a trend graph we see how fast it is...and how predictable. 100 years invention at today's rate will be done in 20 years.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1334374662813/home/acceleration%20of%20technology.jpg?height=314&width=400[/img]
EVEN IF IT COULD HAPPEN IT WONT HAPPEN FOR CENTURIES?My guess is 20-40 years for Quantum Archaeology, during which serious attempts will be made on resurrection. I base that on trends, where maths and stats are and systems in development and prototyping.The information held in frozen brains in cryonic facilities will be helpful constructing detailed quantum archaeology grids, and could even be financially viable to the estates of the suspenders, because when you have reassembled one set of memories you have more time lines into the others....back into history. No person was born without others, and soon our human archaeology grid will fill up with enough detail to geometrically construct the rest by permuting the laws of physics then eliminating impossible pathways.The explosive nature of exponential growth means that new sciences unfold very quickly once they are started. A discovery in one field quickens discovery in another. The Law of Accelerating Returns (Kurzweil's Law) shows how this is so. "An analysis of the history of technology shows that technological change is exponential, contrary to the common-sense “intuitive linear” view. So we won’t experience 100 years of progress in the 21st century — it will be more like 20,000 years of progress (at today’s rate). The “returns,” such as chip speed and cost-effectiveness, also increase exponentially. There’s even exponential growth in the rate of exponential growth. Within a few decades, machine intelligence will surpass human intelligence, leading to The Singularity — technological change so rapid and profound it represents a rupture in the fabric of human history. The implications include the merger of biological and nonbiological intelligence, immortal software-based humans, and ultra-high levels of intelligence that expand outward in the universe at the speed of light." (Ray Kurzweil 2001)It is probable that people now living will be supervising resurrections of our ancient ancestors.Other technologies are being brought into production that will mean more facilities and the cosmos is a vast area for our scientists to work in.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1331706791394/home/davinci.jpg[/img][img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1331706961452/home/daVinciRobot.jpg[/img]
Da Vinci's papers for a robot were found in 1950. A rendering of what it would have looked like.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1340490247721/home/Shadow_TVBIPED.jpg?height=400&width=265[/img]
Shadow Robots UK where I hung out briefly have among the most advanced robotics in the world.
DOES ANYTHING ELSE IN NATURE RESURRECT?
Arguably yes. Atoms are exactly interchangeable and therefore the same combinations of them reappear as molecules spontaneously.
A virus can become a non-living thing, and then under correct conditions it can revert to a living, reproducing thing. Whilst dead it has no metabolism. Nothing is happening inside it. It can exist for ever in that state[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1333836618842/home/flu_virus_diag.gif[/img]
The flu virus.
REVERSE ENGINEERING DEATH & THE LOCAL UNIVERSE
There doesn't seem anything in nature that resurrects like we intend to resurrect. The quantum archaeology premise is astonishingly simple: for something to die and disintegrate, it has to do so by laws. if you know the laws you should know how to reverse that, no matter how disintegrated it is, because decay leaves reactions, even if it runs for a billion years. This is the same general sketch we use to do simulations of the early universe.RESURRECTING THE DEAD IS TOO COMPLICATED TO BE POSSIBLE? It was once too complicated to sequence the human genome or go to the moon. What we can analyze and describe is growing bigger every year, every month. Every week we make more discoveries, find more rules of physics and more data can be manipulated more efficiently. It is likely that tiny space-time events will be manipulated too, and complete enough descriptions of any historic person at the very instant of their death will be calculable. [img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology/_/rsrc/1341883004011/home/kolmogorov.jpg[/img]
Kolmogorov discovered Axiomatic Probability Theory
HOW CAN YOU RESURRECT MEMORIES?[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology/_/rsrc/1321412172618/home/recorded%20data.jpg?height=336&width=400[/img]
Vast calculations in coming computers will describe long dead people.
There is no physical difference nor greater difficulty describing memories than recreating past bodies or past brains. It is the same process, and it is the same scale of reconstruction for body cells and brain cells. Memories are just the biochemistry involving neurons and chemistry, as molecules and atoms in the brain.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology/_/rsrc/1321484989267/home/graph.jpg.png?height=291&width=400[/img]
from what looks like a mass of random data, distinct infomration can be accurately extracted by modern statitics.
Humans share a common past we are already constructing a matrix of our history in increasing detail. This matrix is being filled in by sketching verifiable points. I think these could be called check points...points in space time about which a lot of specific detail is known. Traditionally that has needed testimony or artefacts. original sources, but with mathematical calculation plus computation we can assemble a vast and specific ephemeris of events.From this ephemeris...not unlike the ones used by astrologers, but in massive detail... it may be possible to 'read off' enough plot points to construct a good enough map of any human being who has ever lived.If this seems fanciful, so must Aristotle's attempts to dissect and record human and animal bodies to understand how they function.We have to discover/construct the rules and plot backwards from present states according careful values as junctions and crossroads of events, to enable massive historical simulation. the sheer scale of the undertaking is beyond humans but my guess is it is not beyond humans and computers.The task is lessened dramatically because you are seeking only specific time lines as check points.These checkpoints may become as important as laws to quantum archaeologists, because simulations and retrodictions will depend on them.We can retrodict to our parents DNA (a lot of it) from our own.A checkpoint could be a given human ancestor DNA 2 million years ago, or an event like a battle 100 years back which is mapped in minute detail.Anything that conflicts with these checkpoints would be in error and would have to be redrawn or abandoned. Like classical archaeology you are trying to fill in the gaps based on probabilities.WOULDN'T TIME TRAVEL BE QUICKER?[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology6/_/rsrc/1355175225530/home/Tardis1.jpg?height=240&width=320[/img]
Yup. It's thought likely to happen at a technological singularity although there are opposing views on its viability. This paper is arguing for an archaeological method of resurrection and does not assume time travel or strong artificial intelligence which would obviously make it very easy.QUANTUM ARCHEOLOGY IS NOT AN EMPIRICAL ARGUMENT?That is true, Quantum Archaeology is an argument to the future which is banned in philosophy! However futurism is what we live by. Jeff Hawkins has even declared that human intelligence is prediction. "Evidence must be empirical, or empirically based, that is, dependent on evidence or consequences that are observable by the senses." wikiSpecifically we can test the predictions quantum archaeology makes like the speeding of computer power, the increasing of skill in maths and science and the convergence of technology. Science is the art of incredibly accurate predictions, which we call laws, and quantum archaeology is within the scientific method, and in agreement with one major interpretation of the Quantum Theory, The Many Worlds Interpretation, which is entirely causal and is the simplest explanation which fits all the facts. Here worlds split at any measurement (a measurement in this sense is any event that causes an action " an interaction") and takes no account of whether the event is a major one like two galaxies colliding, or two quantums interacting.WITHIN A SUBJECTIVE FRACTION OF A SECOND FROM DYING, RESURRECTION WILL OCCUR FOR THE VICTIM[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology3/_/rsrc/1324417509156/home/firing_squad_2.jpg[/img]
What happens next?
I DON'T WANT THE FUTURE READING MY MIND?Although there may be privacy cloaks or other devices, it is probable every action and thought any person has ever had will be a matter of public record or calculation.It may be possible to know the exact thoughts of William the Conqueror in 1066 during the battle of Hastings, one by one, feeling by feeling, movement by movement on the mobile device you have just bought. indeed if there were not possible quantum archaeology would not be possible, because it bets that we will continue to get better at mathematics and computing.At the moment we are doomed to only understand people who's experiences we have had; worse - we commit actions against high logic the moral code or the Way, because we can get away with it. So long as we aren't caught, we can and do cheat against the system.But Quantum Archaeology puts this onus on Man: that our actions are judged by anyone who wants to look at them. Thoughts and all.
That has to result in a people who act knowing the future can see them.
What a shake up for the psyche!
It may surely lead to moral action and a better society because however technologically advanced it becomes cooperation is likely to pay off..[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology3/_/rsrc/1325711553599/home/Brent%20Lovett%203d_color_led_cube-gi.jpg?height=306&width=400[/img]
(Click to enlarge) Space-time coordinates will be calculated from many directions to describe exact details of minute events in the past.
WHO ARE WE GOING TO RESURRECT?
The number of people who have died is vast. There are about 60 billion alone just going back to the great pyramid construction by some estimates.
The BBC did some research and estimates it at 107 billion to 50,000 BCE and other 160 billion for the same date range.* Going back to our beginnings means so many billions is not possible to guess meaningfully., and there can be no demarcation : this is Man this is not man. Many people died at birth, many more before the age of 10. Many in battle; more in pestilences.
Our whole structure of language must change to incorporate this, and people will need time to adopt to this massive paradigm shift in our psyche.
Everything. Not just everyone. Everything that has ever walked, talked, quacked, thought, lived, and died. That sounds preposterously megalomaniac until you look at what coming computing facilities are going to be able to do.
The dead are going to be raised and tweaked for immortality using approaching science that is presently beyond what we can comprehend as fantastic. Many predictors are hard techies these days, and point to a fast approaching time when we wont be able to know what the next second will bring as machine systems invent and program themselves. For good or ill, our lives are about to change radically for ever. We are on the brink of delivering huge technical change for all the world....not just the rich, that will make us seem like superbeings com[pared to our present facilities.
Quantum Archaeology is not confined just to raising people back to life but to recreating the living past. Space is unbounded and there is plenty of room for a mere few billion years of life's evolution.
WHAT KIND OF WORLD WILL THE RESURRECTED COME BACK TO?
Crime is falling in the developed world. That is due to better education and higher wealth and opportunities. We are accelerating technology and it is pervasive. but still clumsy and obvious. It will become discrete and subtle. many think we will merge with machines, enhancing out capabilities, and that has already started with bone and cosmetic augmentation and first generation brain chips for depression and motor control which reside directly on the brain.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology5/_/rsrc/1337539628290/home/AIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.jpg?height=266&width=400[/img]
The world be be more advanced, faster cleaner and populations lower. We will have access to improved everything and science fiction cannot adequately describe what is coming.it is possible by 2030 that artificial intelligence will have become truly recursive building better A.I. systems itself which in turn build better ones. There is no known limit to intelligence and some writers have predicted we could touch the edge of our universe, changing the structure of matter as we go.
DOESN'T MARKOV STOCHASTICISM MEAN INFORMATION CANT BE RESCUED?
A Markov position of events or data could be said to be one where the history of the unit data is irrelevant as regards the future.The implication of this opbjection is that once a certain configuration of events has taken place, any measurement of them could not decide what had come before. Identical measurements of zillions of units could have utterly different histories.
This could be true if you only trying to find one unit of data, but the data quantum archaeology deals with is vast, and the cross referencing even vaster.
Nor are the units set by size, but vary according to where the hunt for certainty is going.
The Markov objection doesn't hold in a dynamic system that is having multiple simultaneous and time differentiated measurements, because everything is being measured, including positions before the unit Markov event.
WHEN ARE WE GOING TO START RESURRECTING PEOPLE?
We could start right now by constructing adequate theories and funding PhD's. Many of the topics needed are already active in other disciplines like computing and statistics. There is enough information to set up a university department of Quantum Archaeology: linking to existing supercomputer grids will enable initial, superficial resurrections. However if post-human artificial general intelligence is achieved, resurrections will take place if they are possible. It is likely top possible in 20-40 years.FUTURE GOVERNMENTS WILL HAVE TO INCLUDE PRESENTLY DEAD PEOPLE
There is no death for man, there has never been final death. Equipped with instant updating helmets, non-invasive and so cheap as to me meaningless, the heroes of the past are going to be prominent members of our earth civilization and demand to contribute, lead and inspire. The resurrected dead will out number those who were born and never died, by many many times. We will be in a tiny minority and the most advanced politics will be called for. Developing technology will mean instant translation and enough to eat; little or no diseases as compared to the past, and the expectation of eternal life except for the most horrific crimes. Even in our entire civilization sentences someone to death in an infinite universe they world be unlikely to stay dead.[img]http://web.archive.org/web/20130708160649im_/https://sites.google.com/site/quantumarchaeology3/_/rsrc/1327029981104/home/209.jpg?height=289&width=400[/img]
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Cicero defeats the plot to overthrow the Republic by Catiline in the Roman Senate, both are presently deceased, but will they continue their conflict in the coming age?* http://www.prb.org/Articles/2002/HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth.aspx¬ But David Pearce like many transhumanists see huge changes coming: "the coming evolutionary transition could have three stages. In the first biological humans will rewrite their genetic source code and bootstrap their way to super-intelligence. In the second, cybernetic brain implants will allow us to fuse our minds with artificial intelligence and to “upload” ourselves onto less perishable substrates. In digital nirvana, the distinction between biological and non-biological machines will effectively disappear. In the third there will be an ultra-rapid “Intelligence Explosion” and an era of non-biological super-intelligence. Post-human super-intelligence may or may not be human-friendly." (2012)
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