I don't know if the active ingredient in willow bark that is responsible for this lifespan extension is salicylic acid, but it is very likely given the increase in metabolism of yeast given the willow bark extract. It is worth noting that willow bark extract was the most potent of all 10,000+ ingredients with lifespan extension features that the team tested. It is also worth noting that the extract extended both average and maximum lifespan several-fold, and it is the latter that is the goal of most anti-aging research.
Btw, there are several other studies showing lifespan extension from aspirin and pure salicylic acid. I have already posted some of them on the forum.
The willow bark extract (PE21) was standardized for 25%+ salicin, which is a pro-drug for salicylic acid and has action very similar to aspirin.
Salicin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The concentration that had the strongest life extending effect was 0.1% of the extract as part of the diet. I emailed the authors and the response I got was that the human equivalent dose of would be 41mg/kg and 82mg/kg of the willow bark extract, which was standardized to 30% salicin. So, this means 12.5mg/kg or 25mg/kg salicin for a human daily. Now, salicin is a prodrug for salicylic acid just like aspirin, but the good news is that you need less aspirin to get the same levels of salicylic acid than by ingesting salicin. The coefficient is about 0.63 for aspirin, so the above doses of salicin would equate to about 7.9mg/kg and 15.75mg/kg aspirin daily. This corresponds pretty well to the optimal therapeutic aspirin doses seen clinically - i.e. 500mg - 1,500mg daily.
http://www.epsce.com/userfiles/A Novel More Potent Salicin Content.pdf
"...A typical 500 mg dose of aspirin is equivalent to 794 mg of salicin [7]. To round off these numbers, 800 mg of Salicin is equivalent to 500 mg of Aspirin; it will take approximately 38 drops of White Willow buds to equal the 500 mg of aspirin and 19 drops as an alternative to 250 mg of aspirin. All of this is just an approximation and not an exact certification but helps us how to gauge therapeutic levels."
Reference [7] from above quote: Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine | Annals of Internal Medicine
https://raypeatforum...most-400.10141/