10 replies to this topic

[BioHacker=Life]

Let's review the research.

 

 

1. Piracetam counters oxidative stress due to pesticides.

 

 

Effect of piracetam and vitamin E on phosphamidon-induced impairment of memory and oxidative stress in rats.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/22325038

 

"Thus, the results of the study showed that both PIR and vitamin E attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by PHOS in the rat brain."

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/21784034

 

"Results of the present study show that ascorbic acid and piracetam have the potential to reverse cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by propoxur in the brain."

 

 

2. Piracetam prevents stroke like hypoxia-reoxygenation induced oxidative stress.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/21193009

 

"Results showed that Piracetam and Vinpocetine supplementation significantly prevented the fall of mitochondrial membrane potential, rise in ROS generation and reduction in antioxidant levels associated with the hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. In conclusion, the present study establishes that both Piracetam and Vinpocetine give neuroprotection against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in primary hippocampal cell culture."

 

3.  Piracetam attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited significant cytotoxicity, impaired mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species generation.

 

Metabolic Enhancer Piracetam Attenuates the Translocation of Mitochondrion-Specific Proteins of Caspase-Independent Pathway, Poly [ADP-Ribose] Polymerase 1 Up-regulation and Oxidative DNA Fragmentation.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/29532444

 

 

" In total, our findings indicate the interference of piracetam in mitochondrion-mediated caspase-independent pathway, as well as its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Graphical Abstract Graphical abstract indicating the novel interference of metabolic enhancer piracetam (P) in neuronal death mechanisms."

 

4. Piracetam protected testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischaemia/reperfusion injury

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/26589469

 

"Biochemical and histopathological testicular injury were evaluated. When the tissue was examined by TOS values, Group 3, Group 4 and Group 5 (Piracetam) were significantly lower than Group 2."

 

5. Metabolic enhancer piracetam attenuates rotenone induced oxidative stress: a study in different rat brain regions.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/26994419

 

" After treatment the glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated in brain homogenate. In vivo study showed that pretreatment of piracetam offered significant protection against rotenone induced decreased GSH and increased MDA level though the protection was region specific."

 

6. Piracetam improves mitochondrial dysfunction following oxidative stress.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/16284628

 

"In conclusion, therapeutically relevant in vitro and in vivo concentrations of piracetam are able to improve mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and/or aging. Mitochondrial stabilization and protection might be an important mechanism to explain many of piracetam's beneficial effects in elderly patients."

 

7. Piracetam reduced OGD-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting the oxidative stress and decreasing excitatory amino acids release and lowering P53/Bax protein expression in OGD cells.

 

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/24570112

 

8. Piracetam presents analgesic activity upon a variety of inflammatory stimuli by a mechanism dependent on inhibition of cytokine production and oxidative stress

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/23474372

 

 

9. Piracetam protects against statin induced mitochondrial oxidative stress.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/23333250

 

10. Piracetam protects against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative DNA damage

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/21920458

 

11. Piracetam-induced improvement of memory is associated with protection against oxidative stress and maintenance of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and ADA activities, and suggest the purinergic system as a putative target of piracetam.

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/23677777

 

 

The majority of research studies on Piracetam and OS does not support it increases OS but rather the opposite from many causes ranging from pesticides, stroke and heart attack, statin use, and inflammation.

 

Edited by BioHacker=Life, 02 February 2019 - 02:47 AM.

[gamesguru]

Multiple studies suggesting pro-oxidant effect in the brain at higher doses.

 

from: https://link.springe...1064-011-0450-1

MDA decreased in striatum and cortex by the lower doses of vinpocetine or piracetam but increased in cortex and hippocampus and in cortex, hypothalamus and striatum by the higher dose of vinpocetine or piracetam, respectively along with decreased TAC. GSH increased by the higher dose of piracetam and by vinpocetine which also decreased serum nitric oxide. 

 

from: https://link.springe...0580-015-2182-0

These results suggest that while the low therapeutic doses of the nootropic drugs piracetam, vincamine, and vinpocetine display anti-oxidant and neuroptotective effects, their high doses are likely to have prooxidant and proinflammatory properties.

[BioHacker=Life]

Multiple studies suggesting pro-oxidant effect in the brain at higher doses.

 

from: https://link.springe...1064-011-0450-1

 

from: https://link.springe...0580-015-2182-0

 

2 studies showed as the other 11 studies confirmed it reduces and protects against OA. In 2 studies 1 against Model of Toxic Demyelination caused by a lab chemical  mutagen and another against aluminum poisoning it was effective in low doses but not overdoses in reducing OA.

 

So unless you plan to start eating aluminum foil by the pound or drinking lab chemicals and taking higher doses of Piracetam you''re fine.

 

Not really relevant to anyone here. 

[gamesguru]

That's great if it reduces osteoarthritis, that's great if it reduces oxidation in the myelin.

 

But what interests me here is "cortex and hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum", things everyone has, things that might be affected differently than cartilage and myelin.

[BioHacker=Life]

That's great if it reduces osteoarthritis, that's great if it reduces oxidation in the myelin.

 

But what interests me here is "cortex and hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum", things everyone has, things that might be affected differently than cartilage and myelin.

 

It only affected those areas with those taking aluminum or mutagens. In studies where they did not consume those and took piracetam there were no changes to them. 

[gamesguru]

It only affected those areas with those taking aluminum or mutagens. In studies where they did not consume those and took piracetam there were no changes to them. 

 

Are there studies specifically investigating piracetam and oxidation or excitotoxicity?  I don't think there are any ruling it out.

 

And of course there is a study on preventing oxidative effects of toxins.  We all have toxins in our life.  And what was found was that the higher dose of piracetam made oxidation worse in particular brain areas. And that is concerning, and that needs further studies to confirm (or rule out) before jumping to any conclusions.

[BioHacker=Life]

Are there studies specifically investigating piracetam and oxidation or excitotoxicity?  I don't think there are any ruling it out.

 

And of course there is a study on preventing oxidative effects of toxins.  We all have toxins in our life.  And what was found was that the higher dose of piracetam made oxidation worse in particular brain areas. And that is concerning, and that needs further studies to confirm (or rule out) before jumping to any conclusions.

 

What do you think the studies are above? They are all the studies on oxidation. You're really retarded and/or mentally fucked up aren't you? It's like you lack conscious awareness of what's right in front of you.

 

Do you hide in your closet 24/7 afraid of the world because you don't understand it?

[gamesguru]

What do you think the studies are above? They are all the studies on oxidation. You're really retarded and/or mentally fucked up aren't you? It's like you lack conscious awareness of what's right in front of you.

 

Do you hide in your closet 24/7 afraid of the world because you don't understand it?

 

According to you they are studies involving aluminium and therefore not pure studies on piracetam on its standalone effects.  Nothing in the world is standalone, we are all forced by many drivers.

[prunk]

Piracetam often makes me aggressive and confrontational, which I actually sometimes like, cos usually I'm too kind (and pussy).

Edited by prunk, 07 February 2019 - 11:21 AM.

[BioHacker=Life]

Piracetam often makes me aggressive and confrontational, which I actually sometimes like, cos usually I'm too kind (and pussy).

 

Likely it's effects on adrenal hormones.

[BioHacker=Life]

6. Piracetam improves mitochondrial dysfunction following oxidative stress.

 

This is the most important study as it does not involve adding a toxin to see how protective it is in the equivalent of humans just taking Piracetam.

 

"5.--In conclusion, therapeutically relevant in vitro and in vivo concentrations of piracetam are able to improve mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and/or aging. Mitochondrial stabilization and protection might be an important mechanism to explain many of piracetam's beneficial effects in elderly patients."

 

Piracetam does not in anyway increase oxidative stress levels in humans. It protects them from OS and does so in a number of pathways even working at the mitochondrial level similar to R-Lipoic acid. This makes it not only neuroprotective but another choice for antiaging.

Edited by BioHacker=Life, 08 February 2019 - 02:32 AM.