.
P A Y W A L L E D S O U R C E : Ageing Research Reviews
Highlights
• Immune system is emerging as a direct regulator of senescent cells accumulation.
• Immune dysfunctions in aging are a milieu immunosenescence and cellular senescence.
• Nutraceuticals improve diverse facets of immunosenescence and cellular senescence.
• Nutrition oriented immunotherapeutic strategy against SC is pragmatic and desirable.
Abstract
The role of increased tissue senescent cell (SC) burden in driving the process of ageing and associated disorders is rapidly gaining attention. Amongst various plausible factors, impairment in immune functions is emerging as a critical regulator of known age-associated accumulation of SC. Immune cells dysfunctions with age are multi-faceted and are uniquely attributed to the independent processes of immunosenescence and cellular senescence which may collectively impair immune system mediated clearance of SC. Moreover, being functionally and phenotypically heterogenic, immune cells are also liable to be affected by senescence microenvironment in other tissues. Therefore, strategies aimed at improving immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells can have pleiotropic effects on ageing physiology including the accumulation of SC. In this regard, nutraceutical’s immunomodulatory attributes are well documented which may have implications in developing nutrition-oriented immunotherapeutic approaches against SC. In particular, the three diverse sources of bioactive ingredients, viz., phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria and omega-3-fatty acids have shown promising anti-immunosenescence and anti-cellular senescence potential in immune cells influencing aging and immunity in ways beyond modest stimulation of immune responses. The present narrative review describes the preventive and therapeutic attributes of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, probiotic microbes and omega-3-fatty acids in influencing the emerging nexus of immunosenescence, cellular senescence and SC during aging. Outstanding questions and nutraceuticals-based pro-longevity and niche research areas have been deliberated. Further research using integrative approaches is recommended for developing nutrition-based holistic immunotherapeutic strategies for ‘healthy ageing’.
O U T L I N E :
1. Introduction
2. Immunity and ageing: emerging concepts
3. Immune cell dysfunctions in ageing: an interplay of immunosenescence and cellular senescence?
4. Role of senescent cells in promoting immune dysfunctions during ageing
5. Nutrition, ageing and the immune system
5.1. Nutritional modulation of immunosenescence
5.2. Nutraceuticals, cellular senescence and immunosenescence
6. Unanswered questions, niche research areas and challenges
7. Conclusion
.
