I've always wondered why we can't just inject recombinant telomerase. If telomerase can't enter cells from outside, then how do feeder cells work? Generally feeder cells are irradiated mouse embryonic stem cells that secrete growth factors including telomerase, which cause the cell culture to continue dividing.
The question for this fragment is does it lengthen telomeres; not all do? Having scanned the paper, it appears the answer is yes, although it isn't tested.
Of note, GV1001 treatment markedly elevated the level of GRHL2, a transcription factor with diverse biological functions and a multitude of target genes, including hTERT, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p63, microRNA-200 family genes and epidermal cell differentiation complex genes (24–26,36). GRHL2 promotes epithelial cell proliferation in part through the transcription regulation of hTERT; the ectopic overexpression of GRHL2 in primary NHOKs led to marked extension of cell life span with continued expression of hTERT and telomerase activity (25). As GV1001 is derived from the hTERT protein sequence, the fact that GV1001 enhanced GRHL2 may indicate a feed-forward mechanism by which it further elevates the level of hTERT through the expression of GRHL2