As we get closer to the holiday season, this review returns to its monthly format after a brief foray into a bi-monthly issue. Now that I have caught up with these reviews, we will take a look at how 16:8 time restricted eating in healthy, normal weight individuals can still reduce weight and fat mass, as well as improve the immune system and make their gut microbiome younger; how ergothioneine could improve cognition in older individuals with mild cognitive impairment; and for the first time, two Canadian Content Studies, the first of which looks at how senolytics could help with multiple sclerosis, while the second investigates how pterostilbene targets the hallmarks of aging.
In the Supplemental Section, you’ll find in Diet, how the purple colour of fruits and vegetables reduces mortality; in Exercise, how a home exercise program can prevent falls; in Combinations, how resveratrol and vitamin C reduce oxidative stress in women; in Exosomes, how extracellular vesicles could combat Alzheimer’s and arthritis; in Reproductive Health, how stem cells extended the reproductive life of monkeys; and, in Stem Cells, how vision was restored through their use. And, of course, much more!
(To make these suggestions easier to find, I’ve marked them with ***)
Canadian Longevity Association News
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November 2024 Highlights:
In this study of intermittent fasting, participants undertook a 16:8 Time Restricted Eating regimen over 30 days. Over that time, despite not reducing their caloric intake, the participants lost weight and fat mass, their senescent immune cells decreased, and their gut microbiome had a more youthful profile.
*Time-restricted eating reveals a “younger” immune system and reshapes the intestinal microbiome in humans Full Text
In this small year-long study in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, 25 mg of ergothioneine (the main active ingredient in mushrooms) three times a week, saw improvements in learning ability and memory, though other cognitive tests did not improve. A common marker for neurodegeneration and damage, neurofilament light chain (which is also elevated in traumatic brain injuries), remained stable while it increased substantially in the placebo group
*Investigating the efficacy of ergothioneine to delay cognitive decline in mild cognitively impaired subjects: A pilot study Full Text
Canadian Content Studies
I was delighted to find this study, as it is the first Canadian senolytic study that I am aware of. Researchers from McGill University looked at how a senolytic, Navitoclax, can impact a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. After first confirming that senescent microglia (a type of immune cell in the brain) play a role in disease progression, they then went about removing those cells. The results were that compared to the control, the treated mice had decreased disease severity, improved sight and neuronal survival, reduced demyelination and inflammation.
Senolytic treatment diminishes microglia and decreases severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Full Text CAN
In this study, researchers from the University of British Columbia, looked at how pterostilbene (found in blueberries and closely related to resveratrol) targets the hallmarks of aging via the up and down regulation of related genes. Several hallmarks were positively affected, with decreases in inflammatory immune responses having the biggest number of changed genes. “Pterostilbene target genes are enriched with functions that are tightly connected to slowing down aging and potentially increasing lifespan.”
Pterostilbene Targets Hallmarks of Aging in the Gene Expression Landscape in Blood of Healthy Rats Full Text CAN
Further Canadian content is indicated by CAN
Supplemental Section
Lifestyle
*The effect of multidomain lifestyle intervention on health care service use and costs - secondary analyses from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial Full Text
*Lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity related to chronic disease: a population-based cohort study Full Text
Fasting/Dietary Restriction – certainly the cheapest & also one of the most effective anti-ageing interventions currently available. It comes in many flavours, but I fast for at least 12 hours every day.
Ramadan fasting model modulates biomarkers of longevity and metabolism in male obese and non-obese rats Full Text
Energy metabolism dysregulation, cerebrovascular aging, and time-restricted eating: Current evidence and proof-of-concept findings Full Text
Diet – let food be thy medicine…
*Association of dietary anthocyanidins intake with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases mortality in USA adults: a prospective cohort study Full Text***
Impact of Coffee Intake on Human Aging: Epidemiology and Cellular Mechanisms Full Text
*Nut consumption and disability-free survival in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study Full Text
Exercise – if you could bottle the benefits of exercise, it would be the biggest blockbuster drug of all time.
*Acute exercise boosts NAD+ metabolism of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Full Text
*High-intensity interval exercise is more efficient than medium intensity exercise at inducing neurogenesis Full Text
*Association of cognitive performance with overall, dosage, intensity, and domain physical activity in aging: NHANES 2011–2014 Full Text
*Effect of a home-based exercise program on subsequent falls among community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty: A sub-group analysis of a randomized controlled trial Full Text*** CAN
Non-prescription Supplements (in alphabetical order)
NOTE - the supplements selected below are not exhaustive. They reflect what I thought were the most interesting ones back in 2019, with only a few updates since. I do individual searches for each and simply do not have time to do all others. Additionally, I’ve noticed how a lot of natural supplements affect the same genetic pathways, so I think that there is a lot of overlap and redundancy.
Astaxanthin – which is behind the pink colour of salmon & shrimp. Considered the most powerful carotenoid, it has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuro-protective and skin-protective qualities.
*Impact of astaxanthin supplementation on markers of cardiometabolic health and tactical performance among firefighters Full Text
The effect of long term astaxanthin supplementation on the antioxidant status of racing Arabian horses – preliminary study Full Text
Curcumin – the spice which gives curries their yellow colour. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. Needs to be taken with black pepper (piperine) to improve bioavailability.
*Safety and efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Full Text
*Impact of exercise intervention with or without curcumin supplementation on body fat composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism in obese adults: A meta-analysis
Fisetin
Nanoformulated fisetin ameliorates Alzheimer's disease via reducing proinflammatory cytokines and activating the NRF2/HO-1 pathway
Melatonin
Therapeutic effects of melatonin on the lungs of rats exposed to passive smoking Full Text
Melatonin ameliorates age-related sarcopenia by inhibiting fibrogenic conversion of satellite cell Full Text
Nicotinamide MonoNucleotide (NMN)
Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects STAT1 from oxidative stress-induced degradation to prevent colorectal tumorigenesis Full Text
*Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Full Text
Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves the ovarian reserve of POI by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis of ovarian granulosa cells Full Text
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)
*Effect of nicotinamide riboside on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial Full Text
Nicotinamide Riboside Ameliorates Fructose-Induced Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Mice by Activating Browning of WAT, and May Be Also Related to the Regulation of Gut Microbiota Full Text
Resveratrol
*Effects of resveratrol supplementation on inflammatory markers, fatigue scale, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial
The Cognitive Restoration Effects of Resveratrol: Insight Molecular through Behavioral Studies in Various Cognitive Impairment Models Full Text
Preclinical evidence and possible mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of resveratrol in diabetic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Full Text
Other available supplements or natural substances (in alphabetical order)
Cannabidiol, a Strategy in Aging to Improve Redox State and Immunity in Male Rats Full Text
*Carnosine Supplementation Has No Effect on Inflammatory Markers in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial Full Text
The Impact of Vitamin E Supplementation on Oxidative Stress, Cognitive Functions, and Aging-Related Gene Expression in Aged Mice Full Text
*Higher Magnesium Intake Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Frailty in Older Adults
High Blood Pressure and Impaired Brain Health: Investigating the Neuroprotective Potential of Magnesium Full Text
Anti-aging natural supplements: the main players in promoting healthy lifespan Full Text
Combinations
Sex Differences in Response to Diet Enriched with Glutathione Precursors in the Aging Heart Full Text GlyNAC
*The Administration of Resveratrol and Vitamin C Reduces Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women—A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Full Text***
*Interaction between green tea and metformin and its effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight women: a randomised clinical trial Full Text
*Human Supplementation with AM3, Spermidine, and Hesperidin Enhances Immune Function, Decreases Biological Age, and Improves Oxidative–Inflammatory State: A Randomized Controlled Trial Full Text
*Metformin plus lifestyle interventions versus lifestyle interventions alone for the delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Full Text
Prescription Supplements
Metformin
Metformin: decelerates biomarkers of aging clocks Full Text
Metformin restores autophagic flux and mitochondrial function in late passage myoblast to impede age-related muscle loss Full Text
Metformin effectively alleviates the symptoms of Alzheimer in rats by lowering amyloid β deposition and enhancing the insulin signal Full Text
Miscellaneous Molecules & Prescription Drugs
*The effects of Dapagliflozin in a real-world population of HFrEF patients with different hemodynamic profiles: worse is better Full Text
*Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Improve Body Composition by Increasing the Skeletal Muscle Mass/Fat Mass Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A 52-Week Prospective Real-Life Study Full Text with Metformin
GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors: new anti-aging tools? Full Text
Novel Molecules
Healthy longevity-associated protein improves cardiac function in murine models of cardiomyopathy with preserved ejection fraction Full Text
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine improves diastolic dysfunction by alleviating mitochondrial injury in the aging heart Full Text
Other Areas of Interest (in alphabetical order)
Ageing Clocks & other biomarkers of ageing
*Metabolite signatures of chronological age, aging, survival, and longevity Full Text
*Trends of genetic contributions on epigenetic clocks and related methylation sites with aging: A population-based adult twin study Full Text
*Estimation of physiological aging based on routine clinical biomarkers: a prospective cohort study in elderly Chinese and the UK Biobank Full Text
Exosomes (small packets of information released by cells)
Intranasal Spray Alleviates Early Alzheimer’s in Mice Full Text***
Finding Cells That Send Signals Against Arthritis Full Text***
Epigenetics & Cellular Reprogramming
Study of Direct Reprogramming Challenges Consensus Full Text CAN
Genetics including CRISPR
*FOXO3 Longevity Genotype Mitigates Risk Posed by Hypertension on Incident Coronary Artery Disease in Middle-aged Men: Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program Full Text
*Genetic variants associated with longevity in long-living Indians Full Text
Lifespan Lengthening Interventions
A small-molecule screen identifies novel aging modulators by targeting 5-HT/DA signaling pathway Full Text
The soil Mycobacterium sp. promotes health and longevity through different bacteria-derived molecules in Caenorhabditis elegans Full Text
Endogenous chondroitin extends lifespan by inhibiting VHA-7-mediated tubular lysosome formation Full Text
Microbiome
Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between gut microbiome and longevity Full Text
Alleviating D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mice by Modulating Gut-Liver Axis Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TY-Y10 Full Text
Gut microbiota and epigenetic age acceleration: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study Full Text
2′-Fucosyllactose ameliorates aging-related osteoporosis by restoring gut microbial and innate immune homeostasis Full Text
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, a tool to transfer healthy longevity Full Text
Observational Studies
*Slowed epigenetic aging in Olympic champions compared to non-champions Full Text
*The association between sleep duration trajectories and successful aging: a population-based cohort study Full Text
*Factors associated with high nutrition risk by 10-year age group: Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Full Text CAN
*Sociodemographic determinants of mobility decline among community-dwelling older adults: findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on ageing Full Text CAN
Opinion/Editorials/Theory/Policy
*Attitudes towards geroprotection: measuring willingness, from lifestyle changes to drug use Full Text
A scenario for an evolutionary selection of ageing Full Text
Digital Doppelgängers and Lifespan Extension: What Matters? Full Text
The Epistemic Policies of Anti-Ageing Medicines in the European Union Full Text
Promoting the Concept Healthy Ageing for Use in Gerontological Health and Social Care Policy and Practice Full Text
Other Ageing Biology
Negative effects of lifespan extending intervention on resilience in mice Full Text
Elevated glucose levels increase vascular calcification risk by disrupting extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism Full Text
Isolating the direct effects of growth hormone on lifespan and metabolism in mice Full Text
Reproductive Health
Stem cell transplantation extends the reproductive life span of naturally aging cynomolgus monkeys Full Text***
*The role of anti-aging approaches in managing hypogonadism in sedentary older males Full Text
Building an Atlas of Human Ovarian Aging Full Text
Reviews
*The effect of altered sleep timing on glycaemic outcomes: Systematic review of human intervention studies Full Text CAN
The Quest for Eternal Youth: Hallmarks of Aging and Rejuvenating Therapeutic Strategies Full Text
The mitochondrial integrated stress response: A novel approach to anti-aging and pro-longevity Full Text
Senolytics/Senescent Cells
Restoration of hair follicle inductive properties by depletion of senescent cells Full Text
Skin & Beauty
*TFC-1326 Compound Reduces Clinical Signs of Skin Aging. Evidence From In Vitro Human Adipose and Skin Models and Pilot Clinical Trial Full Text
*The Role of Cacao Powder in Enhancing Skin Moisture and Reducing Wrinkles: A 12-Week Clinical Trial and In Vitro Study Full Text
Comparing the Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone Versus Combined With Microneedles or Radiofrequency for Neck Wrinkle Treatment Full Text
Stem Cells
*World-first stem-cell treatment restores vision in people Full Text***
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia integrate into mouse retina and recapitulate features of endogenous microglia Full Text
*Clinical outcomes of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell combined with high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis are correlated with stem cell stemness and senescence Full Text
Telomeres
Influence of diet and exercise on leukocyte telomere length, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats Full Text
Odds & Sods
Predation affects the evolution of sex-specific longevity Full Text
*Cannabis Use and Age-Related Changes in Cognitive Function From Early Adulthood to Late Midlife in 5162 Danish Men Full Text
Convergent evolution associated with the loss of developmental diapause may promote extended lifespan in bees Full Text
Oxidative Stress in an African Ground Squirrel, a Case of Healthy Aging and Reproduction Full Text
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***Disclaimer 1 – I am NOT a doctor or indeed a scientist. All the information pertained within is for information purposes only; use at your own risk. Please consult with a healthcare practitioner if you need medical advice.***
**Disclaimer 2 – In no way should supplements be a replacement for an unhealthy diet or lifestyle. A varied, plant dominant dietary pattern is the cornerstone for health. Try to eat the rainbow – the greater the variety, the greater the benefit. Even though I might take a supplement derived from a plant source, I still eat the plant in question. Also, make sure you move as much as possible – that is what we evolved to do.**
*Also bear in mind that most of the studies mentioned above are in rodents, not humans. Rodents, needless to say, do not always react the same way to drugs as humans do – witness the countless times cancer or another disease has been cured in rodents only to subsequently fail human trials. I have *starred any human trials.*
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