Now for the most frighteningly powerful papers every man and pregnant woman should read.
The papers below indicate the sources and results of this deadly serious emergency - no, plague - afflicting men all over the first world. If trends continue as the final paper indicates then there is no future for humanity. None at all.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1:
Inhibition of Testicular Steroidogenesis by the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Is Associated with Reduced Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Secretion and Decreased Steroidogenic Enzyme Gene Expression in Rat Leydig CellsAbstract:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/14605012Full PDF:
http://endo.endojour.../2/592.full.pdfABSTRACT
"Exposure of humans to bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer in polycarbonate plastics and a constituent of resins used in food packaging and dentistry, is significant. In this report exposure of rats to 2.4 microg/kg.d (a dose that approximates BPA levels in the environment) from postnatal d 21-35 suppressed serum LH (0.21 +/- 0.05 ng/ml; vs. control, 0.52 +/- 0.04; P < 0.01) and testosterone (T) levels (1.62 +/- 0.16 ng/ml; vs. control, 2.52 +/- 0.21; P < 0.05), in association with decreased LHbeta and increased estrogen receptor beta pituitary mRNA levels as measured by RT-PCR. Treatment of adult Leydig cells with 0.01 nm BPA decreased T biosynthesis by 25% as a result of decreased expression of the steroidogenic enzyme 17alpha-hydroxylase/17-20 lyase. BPA decreased serum 17beta-estradiol levels from 0.31 +/- 0.02 ng/ml (control) to 0.22 +/- 0.02, 0.19 +/- 0.02, and 0.23 +/- 0.03 ng/ml in rats exposed to 2.4 microg, 10 microg, or 100 mg/kg.d BPA, respectively, from 21-35 d of age (P < 0.05) due to its ability to inhibit Leydig cell aromatase activity. Exposures of pregnant and nursing dams, i.e. from gestation d 12 to postnatal d 21, decreased T levels in the testicular interstitial fluid from 420 +/- 34 (control) to 261 +/- 22 (P < 0.05) ng/ml in adulthood, implying that the perinatal period is a sensitive window of exposure to BPA. As BPA has been measured in several human populations, further studies are warranted to assess the effects of BPA on male fertility."
------------------------------------------------------
A 25% drop in Testosterone synthesis from only 0.01 nanomolars of BPA. That's because BPA metabolizes within both the rat and human bodies into MBP [Wikipedia:MBP
http://en.wikipedia....4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene ], a xenoestrogen with a HUNDRED to a THOUSAND (yes you read that right) times more potency than BPA's ability to agonize estrogen receptors. Worse - as another paper shows - the male fetus is permanently damaged for life by apoptosis - cellular suicide - of Leydig cells in the womb due to exposure. This explains the population-wide Testosterone decreases seen in men during the last fifty years as they are born with less-than-necessary complements of Leydig cells. The normal decline in Testosterone biosynthesis with aging starts at a much lower level to begin due to in-utero cell suicides and drops faster than normal due to further later life exposure to these xenoestrogens.
Not only do men born these days come out of the womb already deficient and damaged but they suffer vastly accelerated drops in Testosterone synthesis and thus circulation - with a particularly nasty cliff reached when the negative-feedback HPTA system reaches its maximum level of retrocompensation and can no longer increase Testosterone production by sending more LH to the testicles. After that point - when the remaining living Leydig cells are churning out their absolute maximum Testosterone production - the system has run out of compensatory capacity for further production decreases. It can no longer compensate for either age-caused or Leydig-loss-caused declines in Testosterone production ability. After that point production drops like a stone over the cliff.
MBP - BPA's in-vivo metabolite whose estrogenic power is 100x to 1000x stronger than BPA itself - fits quite nicely into both Estrogen Receptor alpha and beta:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 2:
3D Models of MBP, a Biologically Active Metabolite of Bisphenol A, in Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Estrogen Receptor BetaAbstract:
http://www.plosone.o...al.pone.0046078Full PDF:
http://www.plosone.o...resentation=PDFTo read a more accessible summary of this paper:
BPA's Real Threat May Be After It Has Metabolizedhttp://ucsdnews.ucsd...has_metabolizedABSTRACT "Bisphenol A [BPA] is a widely dispersed environmental chemical that is of much concern because the BPA monomer is a weak transcriptional activator of human estrogen receptor ? [ER Alpha] and ER Beta in cell culture. A BPA metabolite, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-?ene[MBP], has transcriptional activity at nM concentrations, which is 1000-fold lower than the concentration for estrogenic activity of BPA, suggesting that MBP may be an environmental estrogen. To investigate the structural basis for the activity of MBP at nM concentrations and the lower activity of BPA for human ER Alpha and ER Beta, we constructed 3D models of human ER Alpha and ER Beta with MBP and BPA for comparison with estradiol in these ERs.
These 3D models suggest that MBP, but not BPA, has key contacts with amino acids in human ER Alpha and ER Beta that are important in binding of estradiol by these receptors. Metabolism of BPA to MBP increases the spacing between two phenolic rings, resulting in contacts between MBP and ER Alpha and ER Beta that mimic those of estradiol with these ERs. Mutagenesis of residues on these ERs that contact the phenolic hydroxyls will provide a test for our 3D models. Other environmental chemicals containing two appropriately spaced phenolic rings and an aliphatic spacer instead of an estrogenic B and C ring also may bind to ER Alpha or ER Beta and interfere with normal estrogen physiology. This analysis also may be useful in designing novel chemicals for regulating the actions of human ER Alpha and ER Beta."
------------------------------------------------------
By an order of magnitude the greatest BPA, DEHP and other xenoestrogen exposure for the wealthy populations of First World countries is canned foods. Unlike home plastic food containers which store food - often in the cold of a refrigerator which limits the leach-rate - for a week or two at a time, metal cans spend months or years in warehouses, months on store shelves and often weeks or months in home cupboards before use.
During these months or years the can liners are leaching testicle-cell-destroying, Testosterone-declining xenoestrogens into their contents.
By the time your average food can is opened for consumption the food it contains is saturated with these chemicals.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 3:
Food Packaging and Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethyhexyl) Phthalate Exposure: Findings from a Dietary InterventionAbstract:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....les/PMC3223004/Full PDF:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....ehp.1003170.pdfABSTRACT
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are high-production-volume chemicals used in plastics and resins for food packaging. They have been associated with endocrine disruption in animals and in some human studies. Human exposure sources have been estimated, but the relative contribution of dietary exposure to total intake has not been studied empirically.
Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of food packaging to exposure, we measured urinary BPA and phthalate metabolites before, during, and after a fresh foods dietary intervention.
Methods: We selected 20 participants in five families based on self-reported use of canned and packaged foods. Participants ate their usual diet, followed by 3 days of fresh foods that were not canned or packaged in plastic, and then returned to their usual diet. We collected evening urine samples over 8 days in January 2010 and composited them into preintervention, during intervention, and postintervention samples. We used mixed-effects models for repeated measures and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to assess change in urinary levels across time.
Results: Urine levels of BPA and DEHP metabolites decreased significantly during the fresh foods intervention [e.g., BPA geometric mean (GM), 3.7 ng/mL preintervention vs. 1.2 ng/mL during intervention; mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy hexyl) phthalate GM, 57 ng/mL vs. 25 ng/mL]. The intervention reduced GM concentrations of BPA by 66% and DEHP metabolites by 53-56%. Maxima were reduced by 76% for BPA and 93?96% for DEHP metabolites.
Conclusions: BPA and DEHP exposures were substantially reduced when participants' diets were restricted to food with limited packaging.
------------------------------------------------------
If anyone thinks they can easily avoid these vile toxin-leaching cans, think again: tests of canned foods found that 92% of cans leach BPA:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 4:
No Silver Lining: An Investigation Into BPA Canned FoodsAbstract:
http://environmental...pa-canned-foodsFull PDF:
http://environmental...eport final.pdfSelected excerpts from the Executive Summary "BPA was detected in 46 of 50, or 92%, of the canned food samples."
"Our study details potential exposure to BPA from not just one can, but from meals prepared with canned food and drink that an ordinary North American person might consume over the course of a day. It shows that meals involving one or more cans of food can cause a pregnant woman to ingest levels of BPA that have been shown to cause health effects in developing fetuses in laboratory animal studies."
------------------------------------------------------
Those fetal health effects include Sertoli cell suicide - apoptosis - induced by DEHP exposure. The next and most important paper of this entire exposition finds this effect. DEHP - the other most-commonly used plasticizer besides BPA you've never heard of - is a killer of these cells. From Wikipedia:DEHP [
http://en.wikipedia....is(2-ethylhexyl)_phthalate ]:
"This compound is the most common of the class of phthalate plasticizers, accounting for an almost 54% market share in 2010."
THIS TESTICULAR TOXICANT HAS ACHIEVED ALMOST 54% OF MARKET SHARE.
MUST HAVE STOLEN SOME FROM YER OLD PAL BPA, EH?
A REAL WINNER IN THE RACE TO END MANHOOD.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 5:
Effects of Mono (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate [DEHP], a Testicular Toxicant, on Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Binding to Membranes from Cultured Rat Sertoli CellsAbstract:
http://www.biolrepro...ontent/48/3/454Full PDF:
http://www.biolrepro.../3/454.full.pdfABSTRACT
The widely used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a male reproductive toxicant. Its toxicity has been shown to be due primarily to the action of its metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on Sertoli cells. We have previously shown that at least one of the sites of action of MEHP on the Sertoli cell is the cAMP second messenger system. MEHP inhibits the ability of FSH but not isoproterenol, forskolin, or cholera toxin to stimulate cAMP accumulation in cultured Sertoli cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To further characterize this effect of MEHP, we prepared a light membrane fraction from control and MEHP-treated Sertoli cells cultured from 18-day-old Fischer 344 rats and measured FSH binding in a radioligand receptor assay using 25I-labeled human FSH (25I-hFSH). MEHP inhibited FSH binding when preincubated with Sertoli cells in culture but not when added simultaneously with 25I-hFSH to the purified membrane preparation. Attenuation of FSH binding was evident after a 3-h preincubation with 100uM MEHP (18%) and was maximal after 15-24h of preincubation (70-90%).
Preincubation of Sertoli cells for 24h with 100uM DEHP had no effect on FSH binding. Half-maximal inhibition occurred atapproximately 0.1uM MEHP. Scatchard analysis indicated a four-fold decrease in FSH affinity with no change in receptor concentration. Exposure of Sertoli cells to MEHP amplified the attenuating effect of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) on FSH binding, suggesting that the action of MEHP may be at the level of the GTP-binding protein that couples the FSH receptor to the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit. This effect of MEHP is age-independent over the range of 18-45 days. The active metabolites of the other phthalates toxic in vivo, i.e., monobutyl phthalate and monopentyl phthalate, also reduced FSH binding to Sertoli cell membranes but only from the older animals. Monomethyl phthalate, which is not a testicular toxicant in vivo, had no effect on FSH binding from animals at any age tested. We conclude that the ability of certain phthalate esters to reduce FSH binding to Sertoli cell membranes is likely to be at least a part of the mechanism responsible for their testicular toxicity.
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 6:
DEHP: One of the Top 6 Chemical Threats to Humans (2011)Article:
http://articles.merc...a-does-not.aspxSelected Quotes "Chemical manufacturers say they will seek approval from the European Union to continue use of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a plastic-softening phthalate that the EU is banning."
"DEHP is highly lipophilic (fat soluble). When used in PVC plastic, DEHP is loosely chemically bonded to the plastic and readily leaches into blood or other lipid-containing solutions in contact with the plastic."
"This leaching of DEHP into humans via the solution with which it is in contact increases the risk of certain adverse health outcomes. Animal studies show that exposure to DEHP can damage the liver, kidneys, lungs, and reproductive system, particularly the developing testes of prenatal and neonatal males."
------------------------------------------------------
Our loving chemical manufacturers want to keep dosing us with DEHP until there are neither Testosterone nor men left.
They have a special - perhaps pedophilic - attraction to dosing prenatal and neonatal males to achieve maximum destructive effect.
But what of humans? None of the studies above have checked men's testicles for Leydig or Sertoli death and repression, or decreased Testosterone production.
Men aren't rats yet so maybe they won't be affected. Sorry guys:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 7:
Human testis steroidogenesis is inhibited by phthalatesAbstract:
http://humrep.oxford.../27/5/1451.fullFull PDF:
http://humrep.oxford...1.full.pdf html Background: Phthalic acid esters are widely used in the manufacture of plastics. Numerous studies have shown that these phthalates impair testicular testosterone production in the rat. However, the scarce and contradictory data concerning humans have cast doubt over whether these compounds are also anti-androgenic in man. We therefore investigated the direct effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on organo-cultured adult human testis and a human cell line.
Methods: Adult human testis explants or NCI-H295R adrenocortical human cells were cultured with DEHP or MEHP. The effects of ketoconazole, used as a reference molecule, were also assessed.
Results: In both models, DEHP and MEHP significantly inhibited testosterone production. The effects of both phthalates appeared to be specific for steroidogenesis, as INSL3 production by Leydig cells was not altered. Furthermore, the phthalates of interest had no effect on inhibin B production by Sertoli cells or on germ cell apoptosis. As only a small fraction of the phthalates added was found in the testis explants, and as these compounds were found to be metabolized, we estimate that the anti-androgenic effects observed occurred at concentrations of phthalates that are of the same order of magnitude as exposures reported in the literature for men.
Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that DEHP and MEHP can inhibit testosterone production in the adult human testis. This is consistent with recent epidemiological findings of an inverse correlation between exposure to MEHP and testosterone concentrations.
------------------------------------------------------
Next we turn to the predictable results of this hormone war, starting with the beerbelly and heart-attack inducing Metabolic Syndrome:
Wikipedia: Metabolic Syndrome [
http://en.wikipedia....abolic_Syndrome ]
The perverse Metabolic Syndrome comes regardless of how much exercise one undertakes - so long as circulating Testosterone is insufficient no amount will help.
Despite the cause being well-known by now, at this time the Wikipedia article contains not a mention of Testosterone.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 8:
Toxic Plastics: Bisphenol A Linked To Metabolic Syndrome In Human TissueFull Article:
http://www.scienceda...80904151629.htmChoice Quote: "They found that exposing human tissues to BPA levels within the range of common human exposure resulted in suppression of a hormone that protects people from metabolic syndrome."
------------------------------------------------------
That unnamed hormone which protects against metabolic syndrome - which 25% of Americans now have - is in fact Testosterone:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 9:
Hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome- implications for testosterone therapyAbstract:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/16093964Full PDF:
http://www.med.unc.e...ic syndrome.pdfABSTRACT Purpose: Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, is highly prevalent in the United States. When left untreated, it significantly increases the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that hypogonadism may be an additional component of metabolic syndrome. This has potential implications for the treatment of metabolic syndrome with testosterone. We reviewed the available literature on metabolic syndrome and hypogonadism with a particular focus on testosterone therapy.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive MEDLINE review of the world literature from 1988 to 2004 on hypogonadism, testosterone and metabolic syndrome was performed.
Results: Observational data suggest that metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with hypogonadism in men. Multiple interventional studies have shown that exogenous testosterone has a favorable impact on body mass, insulin secretion and sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure, which are the parameters most often disturbed in metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions: Hypogonadism is likely a fundamental component of metabolic syndrome. Testosterone therapy may not only treat hypogonadism, but may also have tremendous potential to slow or halt the progression from metabolic syndrome to overt diabetes or cardiovascular disease via beneficial effects on insulin regulation, lipid profile and blood pressure. Furthermore, the use of testosterone to treat metabolic syndrome may also lead to the prevention of urological complications commonly associated with these chronic disease states, such as neurogenic bladder and erectile dysfunction. Physicians must be mindful to evaluate hypogonadism in all men diagnosed with metabolic syndrome as well as metabolic syndrome in all men diagnosed with hypogonadism. Future research in the form of randomized clinical trials should focus on further defining the role of testosterone for metabolic syndrome.
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 10:
Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Predict the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes in Middle-Aged MenAbstract:
http://care.diabetes...27/5/1036.shortFull PDF:
http://care.diabetes...6.full.pdf htmlABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In men, hypoandrogenism is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, but the role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes is not well understood. We assessed the association of low levels of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in men.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Concentrations of SHBG and total and calculated free testosterone and factors related to insulin resistance were determined at baseline in 702 middle-aged Finnish men participating in a population-based cohort study. These men had neither diabetes nor the metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS: After 11 years of follow-up, 147 men had developed the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program criteria) and 57 men diabetes. Men with total testosterone, calculated free testosterone, and SHBG levels in the lower fourth had a severalfold increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.4; 1.7, 1.2-2.5; and 2.8, 1.9-4.1, respectively) and diabetes (2.3, 1.3-4.1; 1.7, 0.9-3.0; and 4.3, 2.4-7.7, respectively) after adjustment for age. Adjustment for potential confounders such as cardiovascular disease, smoking, alcohol intake, and socioeconomic status did not alter the associations. Factors related to insulin resistance attenuated the associations, but they remained significant, except for free testosterone.
CONCLUSIONS: Low total testosterone and SHBG levels independently predict development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Thus, hypoandrogenism is an early marker for disturbances in insulin and glucose metabolism that may progress to the metabolic syndrome or frank diabetes and may contribute to their pathogenesis.
------------------------------------------------------
And finally, the most devastating result of this war on hormonal integrity: a multigenerational decline in American men's circulating Testosterone that continues to worsen every year.
This decline is not limited to American men but extends to all men who are exposed to the main cause: xenoestrogens leaching from cans and secondarily from other sources.
This decline is already devastating their health and will soon bankrupt the entire medical establishment along with the funding governments - which could in fact be an excellent thing since it's headed there anyway for many other but similar reasons:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 11: A Population-Level Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels in American MenAbstract:
http://jcem.endojour.../1/196.abstractFull PDF:
http://jcem.endojour...6.full.pdf html
ABSTRACT
Context: Age-specific estimates of mean testosterone (T) concentrations appear to vary by year of observation and by birth cohort, and estimates of longitudinal declines in T typically outstrip cross-sectional decreases. These observations motivate a hypothesis of a population-level decrease in T over calendar time, independent of chronological aging.
Objective: The goal of this study was to establish the magnitude of population-level changes in serum T concentrations and the degree to which they are explained by secular changes in relative weight and other factors.
Design: We describe a prospective cohort study of health and endocrine functioning in randomly selected men of age 45?79 yr. We provide three data collection waves: baseline (T1: 1987?1999) and two follow-ups (T2: 1995-1997, T3: 2002-2004).
Setting: This was an observational study of randomly selected men residing in greater Boston, Massachusetts.
Participants: Data obtained from 1374, 906, and 489 men at T1, T2, and T3, respectively, totaling 2769 observations taken on 1532 men.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were serum total T and calculated bioavailable T.
Results: We observe a substantial age-independent decline in T that does not appear to be attributable to observed changes in explanatory factors, including health and lifestyle characteristics such as smoking and obesity. The estimated population-level declines are greater in magnitude than the cross-sectional declines in T typically associated with age.
Conclusions: These results indicate that recent years have seen a substantial, and as yet unrecognized, age-independent population-level decrease in T in American men, potentially attributable to birth cohort differences or to health or environmental effects not captured in observed data.
------------------------------------------------------
Observing Figure 1, note that generation T3 born in the years 2002-2004 shows not only a lower starting Testosterone than previous generations T1 and T2, but that it also shows a very fast decline with age. This is consistent with men who are both born with a substandard or inadequate complement of Leydig cells and also exposed to high levels of xenoestrogens during later life.
All this writing has made me hungry. There's some delicious canned Ravioli in my closet just waiting to be eaten.
Dear reader, you must be hungry too. I'm sure you can find something to quell that appetite in your cupboard though it might require a can opener.
Over and out.
Now for the most frighteningly powerful papers every man and pregnant woman should read.
The papers below indicate the sources and results of this deadly serious emergency - no, plague - afflicting men all over the first world. If trends continue as the final paper indicates then there is no future for humanity. None at all.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1:
Inhibition of Testicular Steroidogenesis by the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Is Associated with Reduced Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Secretion and Decreased Steroidogenic Enzyme Gene Expression in Rat Leydig CellsAbstract:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/14605012Full PDF:
http://endo.endojour.../2/592.full.pdfABSTRACT"Exposure of humans to bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer in polycarbonate plastics and a constituent of resins used in food packaging and dentistry, is significant. In this report exposure of rats to 2.4 microg/kg.d (a dose that approximates BPA levels in the environment) from postnatal d 21-35 suppressed serum LH (0.21 +/- 0.05 ng/ml; vs. control, 0.52 +/- 0.04; P < 0.01) and testosterone (T) levels (1.62 +/- 0.16 ng/ml; vs. control, 2.52 +/- 0.21; P < 0.05), in association with decreased LHbeta and increased estrogen receptor beta pituitary mRNA levels as measured by RT-PCR. Treatment of adult Leydig cells with 0.01 nm BPA decreased T biosynthesis by 25% as a result of decreased expression of the steroidogenic enzyme 17alpha-hydroxylase/17-20 lyase. BPA decreased serum 17beta-estradiol levels from 0.31 +/- 0.02 ng/ml (control) to 0.22 +/- 0.02, 0.19 +/- 0.02, and 0.23 +/- 0.03 ng/ml in rats exposed to 2.4 microg, 10 microg, or 100 mg/kg.d BPA, respectively, from 21-35 d of age (P < 0.05) due to its ability to inhibit Leydig cell aromatase activity. Exposures of pregnant and nursing dams, i.e. from gestation d 12 to postnatal d 21, decreased T levels in the testicular interstitial fluid from 420 +/- 34 (control) to 261 +/- 22 (P < 0.05) ng/ml in adulthood, implying that the perinatal period is a sensitive window of exposure to BPA. As BPA has been measured in several human populations, further studies are warranted to assess the effects of BPA on male fertility."
------------------------------------------------------
A 25% drop in Testosterone synthesis from only 0.01 nanomolars of BPA. That's because BPA metabolizes within both the rat and human bodies into MBP [Wikipedia:MBP
http://en.wikipedia....4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene ], a xenoestrogen with a HUNDRED to a THOUSAND (yes you read that right) times more potency than BPA's ability to agonize estrogen receptors. Worse - as another paper shows - the male fetus is permanently damaged for life by apoptosis - cellular suicide - of Leydig cells in the womb due to exposure. This explains the population-wide Testosterone decreases seen in men during the last fifty years as they are born with less-than-necessary complements of Leydig cells. The normal decline in Testosterone biosynthesis with aging starts at a much lower level to begin due to in-utero cell suicides and drops faster than normal due to further later life exposure to these xenoestrogens.
Not only do men born these days come out of the womb already deficient and damaged but they suffer vastly accelerated drops in Testosterone synthesis and thus circulation - with a particularly nasty cliff reached when the negative-feedback HPTA system reaches its maximum level of retrocompensation and can no longer increase Testosterone production by sending more LH to the testicles. After that point - when the remaining living Leydig cells are churning out their absolute maximum Testosterone production - the system has run out of compensatory capacity for further production decreases. It can no longer compensate for either age-caused or Leydig-loss-caused declines in Testosterone production ability. After that point production drops like a stone over the cliff.
MBP - BPA's in-vivo metabolite whose estrogenic power is 100x to 1000x stronger than BPA itself - fits quite nicely into both Estrogen Receptor alpha and beta:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 2:
3D Models of MBP, a Biologically Active Metabolite of Bisphenol A, in Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Estrogen Receptor BetaAbstract:
http://www.plosone.o...al.pone.0046078Full PDF:
http://www.plosone.o...resentation=PDFTo read a more accessible summary of this paper:
BPA's Real Threat May Be After It Has Metabolizedhttp://ucsdnews.ucsd...has_metabolizedABSTRACT"Bisphenol A [BPA] is a widely dispersed environmental chemical that is of much concern because the BPA monomer is a weak transcriptional activator of human estrogen receptor ? [ER Alpha] and ER Beta in cell culture. A BPA metabolite, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-?ene[MBP], has transcriptional activity at nM concentrations, which is 1000-fold lower than the concentration for estrogenic activity of BPA, suggesting that MBP may be an environmental estrogen. To investigate the structural basis for the activity of MBP at nM concentrations and the lower activity of BPA for human ER Alpha and ER Beta, we constructed 3D models of human ER Alpha and ER Beta with MBP and BPA for comparison with estradiol in these ERs.
These 3D models suggest that MBP, but not BPA, has key contacts with amino acids in human ER Alpha and ER Beta that are important in binding of estradiol by these receptors. Metabolism of BPA to MBP increases the spacing between two phenolic rings, resulting in contacts between MBP and ER Alpha and ER Beta that mimic those of estradiol with these ERs. Mutagenesis of residues on these ERs that contact the phenolic hydroxyls will provide a test for our 3D models. Other environmental chemicals containing two appropriately spaced phenolic rings and an aliphatic spacer instead of an estrogenic B and C ring also may bind to ER Alpha or ER Beta and interfere with normal estrogen physiology. This analysis also may be useful in designing novel chemicals for regulating the actions of human ER Alpha and ER Beta."
------------------------------------------------------
By an order of magnitude the greatest BPA, DEHP and other xenoestrogen exposure for the wealthy populations of First World countries is canned foods. Unlike home plastic food containers which store food - often in the cold of a refrigerator which limits the leach-rate - for a week or two at a time, metal cans spend months or years in warehouses, months on store shelves and often weeks or months in home cupboards before use.
During these months or years the can liners are leaching testicle-cell-destroying, Testosterone-declining xenoestrogens into their contents.
By the time your average food can is opened for consumption the food it contains is saturated with these chemicals.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 3:
Food Packaging and Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethyhexyl) Phthalate Exposure: Findings from a Dietary InterventionAbstract:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....les/PMC3223004/Full PDF:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....ehp.1003170.pdfABSTRACTBackground: Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are high-production-volume chemicals used in plastics and resins for food packaging. They have been associated with endocrine disruption in animals and in some human studies. Human exposure sources have been estimated, but the relative contribution of dietary exposure to total intake has not been studied empirically.
Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of food packaging to exposure, we measured urinary BPA and phthalate metabolites before, during, and after a fresh foods dietary intervention.
Methods: We selected 20 participants in five families based on self-reported use of canned and packaged foods. Participants ate their usual diet, followed by 3 days of fresh foods that were not canned or packaged in plastic, and then returned to their usual diet. We collected evening urine samples over 8 days in January 2010 and composited them into preintervention, during intervention, and postintervention samples. We used mixed-effects models for repeated measures and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to assess change in urinary levels across time.
Results: Urine levels of BPA and DEHP metabolites decreased significantly during the fresh foods intervention [e.g., BPA geometric mean (GM), 3.7 ng/mL preintervention vs. 1.2 ng/mL during intervention; mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy hexyl) phthalate GM, 57 ng/mL vs. 25 ng/mL]. The intervention reduced GM concentrations of BPA by 66% and DEHP metabolites by 53-56%. Maxima were reduced by 76% for BPA and 93?96% for DEHP metabolites.
Conclusions: BPA and DEHP exposures were substantially reduced when participants' diets were restricted to food with limited packaging.
------------------------------------------------------
If anyone thinks they can easily avoid these vile toxin-leaching cans, think again: tests of canned foods found that 92% of cans leach BPA:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 4:
No Silver Lining: An Investigation Into BPA Canned FoodsAbstract:
http://environmental...pa-canned-foodsFull PDF:
http://environmental...eport final.pdfSelected excerpts from the Executive Summary"BPA was detected in 46 of 50, or 92%, of the canned food samples."
"Our study details potential exposure to BPA from not just one can, but from meals prepared with canned food and drink that an ordinary North American person might consume over the course of a day. It shows that meals involving one or more cans of food can cause a pregnant woman to ingest levels of BPA that have been shown to cause health effects in developing fetuses in laboratory animal studies."
------------------------------------------------------
Those fetal health effects include Sertoli cell suicide - apoptosis - induced by DEHP exposure. The next and most important paper of this entire exposition finds this effect. DEHP - the other most-commonly used plasticizer besides BPA you've never heard of - is a killer of these cells. From Wikipedia:DEHP [
http://en.wikipedia....is(2-ethylhexyl)_phthalate ]:
"This compound is the most common of the class of phthalate plasticizers, accounting for an almost 54% market share in 2010."
THIS TESTICULAR TOXICANT HAS ACHIEVED ALMOST 54% OF MARKET SHARE.
MUST HAVE STOLEN SOME FROM YER OLD PAL BPA, EH?
A REAL WINNER IN THE RACE TO END MANHOOD.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 5:
Effects of Mono (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate [DEHP], a Testicular Toxicant, on Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Binding to Membranes from Cultured Rat Sertoli CellsAbstract:
http://www.biolrepro...ontent/48/3/454Full PDF:
http://www.biolrepro.../3/454.full.pdfABSTRACTThe widely used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a male reproductive toxicant. Its toxicity has been shown to be due primarily to the action of its metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on Sertoli cells. We have previously shown that at least one of the sites of action of MEHP on the Sertoli cell is the cAMP second messenger system. MEHP inhibits the ability of FSH but not isoproterenol, forskolin, or cholera toxin to stimulate cAMP accumulation in cultured Sertoli cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To further characterize this effect of MEHP, we prepared a light membrane fraction from control and MEHP-treated Sertoli cells cultured from 18-day-old Fischer 344 rats and measured FSH binding in a radioligand receptor assay using 25I-labeled human FSH (25I-hFSH). MEHP inhibited FSH binding when preincubated with Sertoli cells in culture but not when added simultaneously with 25I-hFSH to the purified membrane preparation. Attenuation of FSH binding was evident after a 3-h preincubation with 100uM MEHP (18%) and was maximal after 15-24h of preincubation (70-90%).
Preincubation of Sertoli cells for 24h with 100uM DEHP had no effect on FSH binding. Half-maximal inhibition occurred atapproximately 0.1uM MEHP. Scatchard analysis indicated a four-fold decrease in FSH affinity with no change in receptor concentration. Exposure of Sertoli cells to MEHP amplified the attenuating effect of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) on FSH binding, suggesting that the action of MEHP may be at the level of the GTP-binding protein that couples the FSH receptor to the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit. This effect of MEHP is age-independent over the range of 18-45 days. The active metabolites of the other phthalates toxic in vivo, i.e., monobutyl phthalate and monopentyl phthalate, also reduced FSH binding to Sertoli cell membranes but only from the older animals. Monomethyl phthalate, which is not a testicular toxicant in vivo, had no effect on FSH binding from animals at any age tested. We conclude that the ability of certain phthalate esters to reduce FSH binding to Sertoli cell membranes is likely to be at least a part of the mechanism responsible for their testicular toxicity.
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 6:
DEHP: One of the Top 6 Chemical Threats to Humans (2011)Article:
http://articles.merc...a-does-not.aspxSelected Quotes"Chemical manufacturers say they will seek approval from the European Union to continue use of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a plastic-softening phthalate that the EU is banning."
"DEHP is highly lipophilic (fat soluble). When used in PVC plastic, DEHP is loosely chemically bonded to the plastic and readily leaches into blood or other lipid-containing solutions in contact with the plastic."
"This leaching of DEHP into humans via the solution with which it is in contact increases the risk of certain adverse health outcomes. Animal studies show that exposure to DEHP can damage the liver, kidneys, lungs, and reproductive system, particularly the developing testes of prenatal and neonatal males."
------------------------------------------------------
Our loving chemical manufacturers want to keep dosing us with DEHP until there are neither Testosterone nor men left.
They have a special - perhaps pedophilic - attraction to dosing prenatal and neonatal males to achieve maximum destructive effect.
But what of humans? None of the studies above have checked men's testicles for Leydig or Sertoli death and repression, or decreased Testosterone production.
Men aren't rats yet so maybe they won't be affected. Sorry guys:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 7:
Human testis steroidogenesis is inhibited by phthalatesAbstract:
http://humrep.oxford.../27/5/1451.fullFull PDF:
http://humrep.oxford...1.full.pdf htmlBackground: Phthalic acid esters are widely used in the manufacture of plastics. Numerous studies have shown that these phthalates impair testicular testosterone production in the rat. However, the scarce and contradictory data concerning humans have cast doubt over whether these compounds are also anti-androgenic in man. We therefore investigated the direct effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on organo-cultured adult human testis and a human cell line.
Methods: Adult human testis explants or NCI-H295R adrenocortical human cells were cultured with DEHP or MEHP. The effects of ketoconazole, used as a reference molecule, were also assessed.
Results: In both models, DEHP and MEHP significantly inhibited testosterone production. The effects of both phthalates appeared to be specific for steroidogenesis, as INSL3 production by Leydig cells was not altered. Furthermore, the phthalates of interest had no effect on inhibin B production by Sertoli cells or on germ cell apoptosis. As only a small fraction of the phthalates added was found in the testis explants, and as these compounds were found to be metabolized, we estimate that the anti-androgenic effects observed occurred at concentrations of phthalates that are of the same order of magnitude as exposures reported in the literature for men.
Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that DEHP and MEHP can inhibit testosterone production in the adult human testis. This is consistent with recent epidemiological findings of an inverse correlation between exposure to MEHP and testosterone concentrations.
------------------------------------------------------
Next we turn to the predictable results of this hormone war, starting with the beerbelly and heart-attack inducing Metabolic Syndrome:
Wikipedia: Metabolic Syndrome [
http://en.wikipedia....abolic_Syndrome ]
The perverse Metabolic Syndrome comes regardless of how much exercise one undertakes - so long as circulating Testosterone is insufficient no amount will help.
Despite the cause being well-known by now, at this time the Wikipedia article contains not a mention of Testosterone.
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 8:
Toxic Plastics: Bisphenol A Linked To Metabolic Syndrome In Human TissueFull Article:
http://www.scienceda...80904151629.htmChoice Quote: "They found that exposing human tissues to BPA levels within the range of common human exposure resulted in suppression of a hormone that protects people from metabolic syndrome."
------------------------------------------------------
That unnamed hormone which protects against metabolic syndrome - which 25% of Americans now have - is in fact Testosterone:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 9:
Hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome- implications for testosterone therapyAbstract:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/16093964Full PDF:
http://www.med.unc.e...ic syndrome.pdfABSTRACTPurpose: Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, is highly prevalent in the United States. When left untreated, it significantly increases the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that hypogonadism may be an additional component of metabolic syndrome. This has potential implications for the treatment of metabolic syndrome with testosterone. We reviewed the available literature on metabolic syndrome and hypogonadism with a particular focus on testosterone therapy.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive MEDLINE review of the world literature from 1988 to 2004 on hypogonadism, testosterone and metabolic syndrome was performed.
Results: Observational data suggest that metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with hypogonadism in men. Multiple interventional studies have shown that exogenous testosterone has a favorable impact on body mass, insulin secretion and sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure, which are the parameters most often disturbed in metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions: Hypogonadism is likely a fundamental component of metabolic syndrome. Testosterone therapy may not only treat hypogonadism, but may also have tremendous potential to slow or halt the progression from metabolic syndrome to overt diabetes or cardiovascular disease via beneficial effects on insulin regulation, lipid profile and blood pressure. Furthermore, the use of testosterone to treat metabolic syndrome may also lead to the prevention of urological complications commonly associated with these chronic disease states, such as neurogenic bladder and erectile dysfunction. Physicians must be mindful to evaluate hypogonadism in all men diagnosed with metabolic syndrome as well as metabolic syndrome in all men diagnosed with hypogonadism. Future research in the form of randomized clinical trials should focus on further defining the role of testosterone for metabolic syndrome.
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 10:
Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Predict the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes in Middle-Aged MenAbstract:
http://care.diabetes...27/5/1036.shortFull PDF:
http://care.diabetes...6.full.pdf htmlABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: In men, hypoandrogenism is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, but the role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes is not well understood. We assessed the association of low levels of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in men.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Concentrations of SHBG and total and calculated free testosterone and factors related to insulin resistance were determined at baseline in 702 middle-aged Finnish men participating in a population-based cohort study. These men had neither diabetes nor the metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS: After 11 years of follow-up, 147 men had developed the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program criteria) and 57 men diabetes. Men with total testosterone, calculated free testosterone, and SHBG levels in the lower fourth had a severalfold increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.4; 1.7, 1.2-2.5; and 2.8, 1.9-4.1, respectively) and diabetes (2.3, 1.3-4.1; 1.7, 0.9-3.0; and 4.3, 2.4-7.7, respectively) after adjustment for age. Adjustment for potential confounders such as cardiovascular disease, smoking, alcohol intake, and socioeconomic status did not alter the associations. Factors related to insulin resistance attenuated the associations, but they remained significant, except for free testosterone.
CONCLUSIONS: Low total testosterone and SHBG levels independently predict development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Thus, hypoandrogenism is an early marker for disturbances in insulin and glucose metabolism that may progress to the metabolic syndrome or frank diabetes and may contribute to their pathogenesis.
------------------------------------------------------
And finally, the most devastating result of this war on hormonal integrity: a multigenerational decline in American men's circulating Testosterone that continues to worsen every year.
This decline is not limited to American men but extends to all men who are exposed to the main cause: xenoestrogens leaching from cans and secondarily from other sources.
This decline is already devastating their health and will soon bankrupt the entire medical establishment along with the funding governments - which could in fact be an excellent thing since it's headed there anyway for many other but similar reasons:
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 11: A Population-Level Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels in American MenAbstract:
http://jcem.endojour.../1/196.abstractFull PDF:
http://jcem.endojour...6.full.pdf html
ABSTRACTContext: Age-specific estimates of mean testosterone (T) concentrations appear to vary by year of observation and by birth cohort, and estimates of longitudinal declines in T typically outstrip cross-sectional decreases. These observations motivate a hypothesis of a population-level decrease in T over calendar time, independent of chronological aging.
Objective: The goal of this study was to establish the magnitude of population-level changes in serum T concentrations and the degree to which they are explained by secular changes in relative weight and other factors.
Design: We describe a prospective cohort study of health and endocrine functioning in randomly selected men of age 45?79 yr. We provide three data collection waves: baseline (T1: 1987?1999) and two follow-ups (T2: 1995-1997, T3: 2002-2004).
Setting: This was an observational study of randomly selected men residing in greater Boston, Massachusetts.
Participants: Data obtained from 1374, 906, and 489 men at T1, T2, and T3, respectively, totaling 2769 observations taken on 1532 men.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were serum total T and calculated bioavailable T.
Results: We observe a substantial age-independent decline in T that does not appear to be attributable to observed changes in explanatory factors, including health and lifestyle characteristics such as smoking and obesity. The estimated population-level declines are greater in magnitude than the cross-sectional declines in T typically associated with age.
Conclusions: These results indicate that recent years have seen a substantial, and as yet unrecognized, age-independent population-level decrease in T in American men, potentially attributable to birth cohort differences or to health or environmental effects not captured in observed data.
------------------------------------------------------
Observing Figure 1, note that generation T3 born in the years 2002-2004 shows not only a lower starting Testosterone than previous generations T1 and T2, but that it also shows a very fast decline with age. This is consistent with men who are both born with a substandard or inadequate complement of Leydig cells and also exposed to high levels of xenoestrogens during later life.
All this writing has made me hungry. There's some delicious canned Ravioli in my closet just waiting to be eaten.
Dear reader, you must be hungry too. I'm sure you can find something to quell that appetite in your cupboard though it might require a can opener.
Over and out.
Edited by Isochroma-Reborn, 05 September 2013 - 04:54 AM.