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Chemically induced LTP?

ciltep pde4 forskolin ltp

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#1351 Michalis.Biochem

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Posted 30 March 2013 - 10:00 AM

This thread has yet again sparked my interest for noots.
So as I was searching for a cheap pde4 inhibitor, I came across pentoxyfilline. Which I've got readily available, do you think it would work for the intended purpose, or should I stick with quercetin/luteolin?


I did not see anything about pentoxyfiline being a selective PDE4 inhibitor as opposed to a general PDE inhibitor in the literature so I personally don't think it would be worth the risk, especially given the side effect profile. There is one selective PDE4 inhibitor that is approved: roflumilast. It is used as an anti-inflammatory for people with chronic lung diseases. From what I've read on the lung problem forums, the gastrointestinal side effects are bad but tolerable given that it gives such relief to these people who are going through a lot of pain to keep breathing. A forum user tried this earlier in the thread but had to quit because of the well known GI side effects of this drug.


I'll try to get my hands on some luteolin then, since it seems to be working for most of the people here.

However there is a thing that has been bothering me since I first found this thread. Your stack works to improve long term memory but some people has mentioned problems with their short term memory while on this stack. Is there a way to mitigate or even reverse this?

Additionally, I would like to add that the only stack that has been consistently working for me so far is the good ol caffeine/theanine combo with racetams/hydergine leaving me disappointed. I don't know if that makes any sense about my neurochemistry, but can I adjust your stack's dosages according to that?

#1352 abelard lindsay

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Posted 30 March 2013 - 04:10 PM

I'll try to get my hands on some luteolin then, since it seems to be working for most of the people here.

However there is a thing that has been bothering me since I first found this thread. Your stack works to improve long term memory but some people has mentioned problems with their short term memory while on this stack. Is there a way to mitigate or even reverse this?


In case you didn't see it, I updated the first post with some of what we discovered in the course of the thread:

Some users have reported diminished working memory while taking the stack, especially when taking higher does of forskolin or when taking the stack with Quercetin, which is not recommended.


The general experience of thread users is that Quercetin in the stack is very stimulating, almost too much so and causes short term memory issues that go away after stopping the stack. The stack I'm currently taking (see update to first post of the thread) in my experience doesn't really have significant short term memory issues. The main problem is that if I take the stack around 8am I get pretty lethargic about 2pm unless I take some NALT and 200mg Caffeine. After I take that, I'm usually fine for the rest of the day.

Edited by abelard lindsay, 30 March 2013 - 04:11 PM.


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#1353 Reformed-Redan

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Posted 30 March 2013 - 04:34 PM

I'll try to get my hands on some luteolin then, since it seems to be working for most of the people here.

However there is a thing that has been bothering me since I first found this thread. Your stack works to improve long term memory but some people has mentioned problems with their short term memory while on this stack. Is there a way to mitigate or even reverse this?


In case you didn't see it, I updated the first post with some of what we discovered in the course of the thread:

Some users have reported diminished working memory while taking the stack, especially when taking higher does of forskolin or when taking the stack with Quercetin, which is not recommended.


The general experience of thread users is that Quercetin in the stack is very stimulating, almost too much so and causes short term memory issues that go away after stopping the stack. The stack I'm currently taking (see update to first post of the thread) in my experience doesn't really have significant short term memory issues. The main problem is that if I take the stack around 8am I get pretty lethargic about 2pm unless I take some NALT and 200mg Caffeine. After I take that, I'm usually fine for the rest of the day.

Kepp us updated on your experience with Zembrin

#1354 abelard lindsay

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Posted 31 March 2013 - 01:05 AM

So I took Zembrin today and 5mg Forskolin. it made my cambridgebrainsciences scores come in on the low end of where they normally do for paired associates and spatial search . Grammatical reasoning was slightly up Odd One Out was flat. For cognitive enhancement, I prefer regular Kanna. The crash in the afternoon was epic too. I couldn't stop feeling tired even with NALT and Caffeine.

On the plus side I felt really cheerful for a couple of hours and I cracked all kinds of jokes and entertained people with all kinds of silly immitations so it's certainly a good anti-depressant, IMHO. My day rewind was also unusually good, so maybe there are some enhanced LTP effects. I went to a museum today and I could trace my whole visit around the museum and remember what was in each room pretty easily. This is obviously not a stack I would want to take everyday, especially with the afternoon crash. Maybe I could pour the capsule and forskolin out and put it in water and sip it throughout the day to modulate it.

Edited by abelard lindsay, 31 March 2013 - 01:07 AM.


#1355 Reformed-Redan

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Posted 31 March 2013 - 01:06 AM

Lol, if you don't want your Zembrin can I buy it from ya? :D

#1356 abelard lindsay

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Posted 31 March 2013 - 02:49 AM

Lol, if you don't want your Zembrin can I buy it from ya? :D


Naah.. Perhaps I will use Zembrin for weekend study sessions because of the LTP effects but not for test day because of the somewhat negative working memory effects.

Edited by abelard lindsay, 31 March 2013 - 02:50 AM.


#1357 Michalis.Biochem

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Posted 31 March 2013 - 08:16 AM

I'll try to get my hands on some luteolin then, since it seems to be working for most of the people here.

However there is a thing that has been bothering me since I first found this thread. Your stack works to improve long term memory but some people has mentioned problems with their short term memory while on this stack. Is there a way to mitigate or even reverse this?


In case you didn't see it, I updated the first post with some of what we discovered in the course of the thread:

Some users have reported diminished working memory while taking the stack, especially when taking higher does of forskolin or when taking the stack with Quercetin, which is not recommended.


The general experience of thread users is that Quercetin in the stack is very stimulating, almost too much so and causes short term memory issues that go away after stopping the stack. The stack I'm currently taking (see update to first post of the thread) in my experience doesn't really have significant short term memory issues. The main problem is that if I take the stack around 8am I get pretty lethargic about 2pm unless I take some NALT and 200mg Caffeine. After I take that, I'm usually fine for the rest of the day.


I am already aware of your first post.

Anyway, I was wondering what's your take on the various racetams or any other nootropic agent that is not mentioned in your first for that matter.

I was thinking about adding huperzine A to the stack, as a semi permanent addon(3 times per week or so). What do you think about that? Galantamine has been mentioned, and from what I saw it was beneficial.
Oh and another thing, I am considering getting a B complex, do you have anything to recommend?

#1358 xsiv1

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Posted 31 March 2013 - 11:35 AM

I'll try to get my hands on some luteolin then, since it seems to be working for most of the people here.

However there is a thing that has been bothering me since I first found this thread. Your stack works to improve long term memory but some people has mentioned problems with their short term memory while on this stack. Is there a way to mitigate or even reverse this?


In case you didn't see it, I updated the first post with some of what we discovered in the course of the thread:

Some users have reported diminished working memory while taking the stack, especially when taking higher does of forskolin or when taking the stack with Quercetin, which is not recommended.


The general experience of thread users is that Quercetin in the stack is very stimulating, almost too much so and causes short term memory issues that go away after stopping the stack. The stack I'm currently taking (see update to first post of the thread) in my experience doesn't really have significant short term memory issues. The main problem is that if I take the stack around 8am I get pretty lethargic about 2pm unless I take some NALT and 200mg Caffeine. After I take that, I'm usually fine for the rest of the day.


I am already aware of your first post.

Anyway, I was wondering what's your take on the various racetams or any other nootropic agent that is not mentioned in your first for that matter.

I was thinking about adding huperzine A to the stack, as a semi permanent addon(3 times per week or so). What do you think about that? Galantamine has been mentioned, and from what I saw it was beneficial.
Oh and another thing, I am considering getting a B complex, do you have anything to recommend?


If you're taking a dopamine precursor, a multi and b complex is a good idea since copper, B's and C all play a role in how efficiently it's converted.

#1359 abelard lindsay

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 05:23 AM

I took Zembrin with Artichoke yesterday and got a bit of Tinnitus toward the end of the day and had some very strange dreams. I took some Magnesium Threonate (NMDA antagonist and neuroprotectant) and GABA to get rid of it. I don't recommend the two be used together. I took Zembrin again today without Artichoke and felt really good all day, even serene. Work productivity was good and I felt fairly social. The crash was tolerable today, so it could have been due to other factors on Saturday. I really really enjoy watching computer science lectures on Coursera while taking this. My retention has been really good. I wonder what mixing this with Sunifram would be like, since that increases LTP.

#1360 norepinephrine

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 06:07 AM

Are you referring to Zembrin on its own, or in addition to forskolin?

#1361 abelard lindsay

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 06:13 AM

Are you referring to Zembrin on its own, or in addition to forskolin?


With 5mg Forskolin.

#1362 Reformed-Redan

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 06:41 AM

^That's too bad. As a college student a LTP stack would help a lot. Can anyone think of an actual objective test for this?

I'm looking over this thread and it's kind of late. I don't really see any consistent results from this stack. The best responders are users who use ADD meds and the COMT activity of the compounds taken potentiate their ADD meds. The focus factor of this stack comes purely from the NE and DA inhibition AFAIK. The cAMP inhibition that should lead to greater conversion of STM's to LTM's hasn't been objectively verified. All I'm reading are subjective effects.

I've been lurking the forums for a little bit and thought I'd share my experiences with CILTEP after reading this thread all the way through the other day. Not being a trained neuroscientist, I'll leave my experiences mainly to subjective and speculative aims.

In short, the main effect I've found from forskolin+artichoke extract has been stimulant potentiation. It was mentioned by someone else that they were able to cut down their Adderall dosage substantially after starting CILTEP, and I've found a similar case with my caffeine intake. Inasmuch, the effects from caffeine also become more pronounced and focused - i.e., more as if I were on a prescription ADHD drug. I definitely experienced what Abelard Lindsey described - a strengthened ability to tackle topics like my math and econ. studies while maintaining relative fascination with the information. Khan lectures become easier to watch back-to-back, and I can read without distraction for longer. Actually, akin to when I've tried Adderal before, I can study for an hour or two straight without looking up or checking the time, and as such, time goes by much faster but with increased productivity.

Secondly, from reading this thread, conducting research on cAMP, and my own experiences, a dopaminergic effect seems to be one of the main factors at play. My motivation, drive and focus are markedly increased, but with a fairly serious side effect. In the first week, sleep quality was visibly deteriorating each night as I couldn't unwind at the end of the night - and even if I could, I'd wake up more frequently during sleep, and only muster 6 hours of mediocre rest before being unable to fall back asleep upon waking.

By the end of the first week of CILTEP, on top of this, I noticed some bruxism - clenching my jaw and grinding my teeth involuntarily, to the point wherhe a co-worker noticed while we were out at the bar and asked if I was taking Adderall. I take a daily dose of 200mg magnesium (glycinate and lysinate, Albion) but apparently this wasn't enough. Thus, when the lack of sleep really started to become performance-inhibiting and the bruxism had increased to the point where the corners of tongue were starting to get swollen and wounded from teeth gnashing, I took a spread out dosage of 1000mg Mg., and have since been increasing my daily dosage to 600-800mg a day. The initial 1000mg reversed my problems pretty quickly, and the subsequent dosing has made the CILTEP effect more manageable - i.e., prior, I'd work on a math problem and skip ahead 3 steps in my head but still come out to the right answer. This was cool, but I'm not particularly confident in my abilities given I've only restarted taking math courses after a 5 year hiatus, so the hasty thought processing was a little unwanted. Now, I don't quite do that as much.

The third mechanism that CILTEP seems to act on, and has only been partially discussed in this thread, is boosting testosterone levels. I believe it was zrbarnes who noticed the beneficial physical effects of increased lean mass and performance - this sounds much in line with what the bodybuilding world uses forskolin for. I've noticed the same, and being a fairly serious athlete myself, welcomed the effects, but I think in terms of mental performance, the boost in T could also give explanation behind motivation. Of course, this may be a simplistic conclusion.

I should probably mention what I take, in addition to magnesium, to synergise. (All supplements were started prior to CILTEP and added one-by-one to observe effects.) A few 500mg ALCAR dosages throughout the day seem to add to the stimulative effect, as does 2-3 sublingual coenzymated B-complex pills (one of my favorite supps., especially for focus and wakefulness). I take creatine @ 5g a day both for the physical and mental effects, and it seems to increase my working memory slightly. I also take Jarrow Green Tea extract for the caffeine, L-theanine, EGCG and catechins, usually 2 first thing in the morning (~80mg caffeine) with an espresso, and then more as needed as the espresso wears off. In the early afternoon I usually take a brief powernap or meditate while the caffeine wears away, and don't dose past 2pm ever due to how it affects my sleep later. Finally, I take ginkgo/gotu kola in tincture form and have found it to be mainly synergistic with CILTEP, at least for me (and is also among my favorite nootropics - much more consistently predictable than piracetam, although a tolerance seems to build in about a week's time). At night, I take L-tryptophan @ 500mg to boost melatonin.

Someone mentioned above that if you take CILTEP, you should cut out everything else at first to gauge effects. I'd be curious to know who's tried it without any form of stimulant or dopamine-boosting agent, as it'd seem to be much less useful in my view without. Additionally, it seems somewhat irresponsible to recommend CILTEP without taking adequate magnesium, at least in my experience.

Well I don't have to look further, just stumbled on this after my previous post. Ho-hum, just more dopamine, eh.

#1363 abelard lindsay

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 06:05 PM

Well I don't have to look further, just stumbled on this after my previous post. Ho-hum, just more dopamine, eh.


Yeah, just a cheap sustainable all-natural dopamine stack. Ho-hum.

Anyway, I'd like to see what you guys think of the Zembrin/Forskolin (Z/F) stack since it is a far more selective and stronger PDE4 inhibitor than Luteolin. I think we might have gotten carried away with Luteolin/Forskolin early because of the good dopaminergic results early on, probably due to broad spectrum PDE inhibition. the Z/F stack is certainly different. I can watch several hours of computer science lectures and remember what was said the next day, so anecdotally, that's something. I wish there was a good test like cambridgebrainsciences for LTP. The best I can do is seeing with how much clarity I can recall the previous day, but that's quite subjective.

Edited by abelard lindsay, 02 April 2013 - 06:05 PM.


#1364 health_nutty

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 06:34 PM

How much Zembrin are you taking?

#1365 abelard lindsay

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 07:16 PM

How much Zembrin are you taking?

25mg is the dosage in the pills I am taking. Zembrin is a concentrated kanna extract, I listed the vendor earlier in the thread.

#1366 peakplasma

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 07:40 PM

Anyway, I'd like to see what you guys think of the Zembrin/Forskolin (Z/F) stack since it is a far more selective and stronger PDE4 inhibitor than Luteolin. I think we might have gotten carried away with Luteolin/Forskolin early because of the good dopaminergic results early on, probably due to broad spectrum PDE inhibition. the Z/F stack is certainly different.

I'm still chewing the Kanna powder (unfortunately, not the Zembrin extract) but i'm inclined to agree that Kanna-Zembrin brings something special beyond Luteolin.

Over this last weekend I managed to learn and execute a new recipe that I actually managed to prepare to an adequate level. For once, my family didn't have to politely conceal a grimace of disgust at my abominable cooking attempt!

Edited by peakplasma, 02 April 2013 - 07:42 PM.


#1367 peakplasma

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 08:25 PM

Also, to clear-up any confusion

Kanna (sceletium tortuosum) contains alkaloids (1.0-1.5%): mesembrine, mesembrenone, mesembrenol, mesembranol, tortuosamine.

Mesembrine is an SSRI and a weak inhibitor of PDE4 while Mesembrenone is a stronger inhibitor of PDE4 (IC50's < 1 μM). Alkaloid ratios naturally vary and Mesembrine can sometimes make up to 90% of the alkaloids of Kanna.

Zembrin is a standardized extract which contains a better balance of the 4 major alkaloids mesembrine, mesembrenone, mesembrenol, mesembranol (see here).

Looking at our most recent version of the SIDI for sceletium extraction, here is the content of the 4 major alkaloids : mesembrine, mesembrenone, mesembrenol, mesembranol:
Total alkaloids: 0.35-0.45%

Mesembrenol + Mesembrenone NLT 60% of total alkaloid
Mesembrine NMR 20% of total alkaloid
Mesembranol : present
It is important to note that sceletium varies significantly in total alkaloid content 0.05 – 2.3% as well as alkaloid composition (eg. mesembrine may be 0-90% of total alkaloids). So, it is significant that the cultivar chosen to be used in Zembrin has a low mesembrine content and that the final ingredient is standardized to the specifications shown above.


I personally think Zembrin looks like a good, well-researched product.

Edited by peakplasma, 02 April 2013 - 08:26 PM.


#1368 norepinephrine

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 09:15 PM

I'd be into being a guinea pig for Zembrin. I'll look into buying some after the next paycheck.

#1369 Reformed-Redan

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 09:54 PM

If you were to use kanna for Pde4 for Inhibiting properties should you use fermented or unfermented kanna? Thank you.(

#1370 peakplasma

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Posted 02 April 2013 - 10:55 PM

If you were to use kanna for Pde4 for Inhibiting properties should you use fermented or unfermented kanna? Thank you.(

Unfermented Kanna contains high levels of mesembrine, a weak PDE4 inhibitor; while in fermented Kanna much of the mesembrine is converted to Δ-7-mesembrenone.

Δ-7-mesembrenone is extremely similar to mesembrenone (more specifically known as Δ-4-mesembrenone). It is established that Δ-4-Mesembrenone is a desireable PDE4 inhibitor.. but I cannot find any research on whether Δ-7-mesembrenone is as well.

Here is what their structures look like...

Posted Image

Fig. 1. (a) Δ7 mesembrenone, (b) Δ4 mesembrenone (also known as mesembrenone), c) mesembranol, (d) mesembrine and (e) epimesembranol.

Edited by peakplasma, 02 April 2013 - 11:43 PM.


#1371 abelard lindsay

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Posted 03 April 2013 - 03:52 AM

If you were to use kanna for Pde4 for Inhibiting properties should you use fermented or unfermented kanna? Thank you.(

Unfermented Kanna contains high levels of mesembrine, a weak PDE4 inhibitor; while in fermented Kanna much of the mesembrine is converted to Δ-7-mesembrenone.

Δ-7-mesembrenone is extremely similar to mesembrenone (more specifically known as Δ-4-mesembrenone). It is established that Δ-4-Mesembrenone is a desireable PDE4 inhibitor.. but I cannot find any research on whether Δ-7-mesembrenone is as well.


This is why I went with Zembrin. The lab results for its PDE4 inhibition effects were very strong and unambiguous.

#1372 Reformed-Redan

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Posted 03 April 2013 - 04:27 AM

Isn't this a double edged sword with increasing cAMP drastically? You supposedly get the benefit of increased LTP; but, your working memory is impaired and your normal signalling in the PFC is disrupted as increased levels of cAMP has shown. In fact decreased levels of cAMP have been shown to increase working memory and cognitive function in the PFC. Worth looking over if the positive results of this thread have been largely due to dopamine and NE.
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#1373 Q did it!

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Posted 03 April 2013 - 04:34 AM

Isn't this a double edged sword with increasing cAMP drastically? You supposedly get the benefit of increased LTP; but, your working memory is impaired and your normal signalling in the PFC is disrupted as increased levels of cAMP has shown. In fact decreased levels of cAMP have been shown to increase working memory and cognitive function in the PFC. Worth looking over if the positive results of this thread have been largely due to dopamine and NE.


I have been thinking the same thing myself after being on CILTEP for over a month but memory (long term) has improved (mostly with memorization of numbers). Sunifiram and Coluratetam are supposed to boost LTP but these are still in the infant stages with testing in the community as is the CILTEP stack.

#1374 Reformed-Redan

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Posted 03 April 2013 - 04:47 AM

Isn't this a double edged sword with increasing cAMP drastically? You supposedly get the benefit of increased LTP; but, your working memory is impaired and your normal signalling in the PFC is disrupted as increased levels of cAMP has shown. In fact decreased levels of cAMP have been shown to increase working memory and cognitive function in the PFC. Worth looking over if the positive results of this thread have been largely due to dopamine and NE.


I have been thinking the same thing myself after being on CILTEP for over a month but memory (long term) has improved (mostly with memorization of numbers). Sunifiram and Coluratetam are supposed to boost LTP but these are still in the infant stages with testing in the community as is the CILTEP stack.

Can you give a better description on how much has your memory improved? Thanks.

You can have a list you memorize clean and then compare how you recall it after a week then a month and try the same thing on CILEP. Dunno, just to have some real data on this stack.

#1375 abelard lindsay

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Posted 03 April 2013 - 06:06 AM

Isn't this a double edged sword with increasing cAMP drastically? You supposedly get the benefit of increased LTP; but, your working memory is impaired and your normal signalling in the PFC is disrupted as increased levels of cAMP has shown. In fact decreased levels of cAMP have been shown to increase working memory and cognitive function in the PFC. Worth looking over if the positive results of this thread have been largely due to dopamine and NE.


With regards to Cambridge brain sciences, my working memory scores are slightly reduced on Zembrin to the lower bound of the range I usually test in. However, I find I can watch coursera lectures for literally hours and remember the material well. So maybe Zembrin isn't the greatest thing for test day, but it works great for studying. Maybe I get better fluid intelligence scores from the raw Kanna because of its 5ht-transporter effects, and got better long term memory from Zembrin ,perhaps because of its pde4 effects,

It's important to note that long term memory is a biochemically different system from fluid intelligence and short term memory.

#1376 Daruman

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Posted 03 April 2013 - 10:51 PM

Does anyone have a generalized list of recreational substances that one SHOULD NOT combine with the CILPT stack?

People have been combining small doses of amphetamines. Would it appear stimulants are safe in moderation? (Except for nicotine) Does CILPT lower toxicity threshold?

Some common drugs to consider might be cannabis, psychedelics, MDMA, opioids, dissasociatives, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and stimulents. (Some of these are obvious, but a post containing them all could be beneficial for harm reduction.)

First hand experiences would be great, so is research.

#1377 norepinephrine

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Posted 04 April 2013 - 03:52 AM

As has been described on here by multiple users, the effects of going overboard on stimulants are fairly unpleasant. I keep ashwagandha around as an antidote; abelard uses GABA.

If you're using a <95% extract of forskolin, drinking alcohol is going to add further stress to your liver. Other than that, I've gone out drinking during the night after dosing CILTEP in the morning, and was considerably more uppity than if I had imbibed coffee alone earlier that day. This was also at the point where one early morning dose would effect me for considerably longer than it does now.

#1378 abelard lindsay

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Posted 04 April 2013 - 05:45 AM

Hmm... I wonder if taurine would be a good addition to the stack. Basically taurine appears to positively modulate the CREB pathway in prenatal rats leading to more brain growth.

http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23433181

Nutr Neurosci. 2013 Feb 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Antenatal taurine supplementation improves cerebral neurogenesis in fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction through the PKA-CREB signal pathway.
Liu J, Liu Y, Wang XF, Chen H, Yang N.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
This study seeks to explore whether antenatal supplement of taurine may improve the brain development of fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) via the protein kinase A-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element protein (PKA-CREB) pathway.
METHODS:
Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into control group, IUGR model, and IUGR with antenatal taurine supplement group. Brain tissues were obtained immediately after rats were born. PKA-CREB signal pathway activity and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry stains, whereas immunoreactive cells of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by immunohistochemistry stains.RESULTS:
The results showed that: (1) In the IUGR group, a greater number of PCNA and NSE immunoreactive cells were found in brain tissues compared with controls, and prenatal taurine supplementation led to a further increase. (2) Expression of PKA, CREB, and GDNF were increased in mRNA and protein levels due to taurine supplementation.DISCUSSION:
Antenatal taurine supplementation shows effects of promotion of cell proliferation and activation of neurotrophic factors on fetal rat brain in a model of IUGR by activating the PKA-CREB signal pathway, increasing expression of neurotrophic factors, and promoting cell proliferation to counteract neuron loss caused by IUGR. PMID: 23433181

Here's another interesting Taurine/Creb/LTP study. My reading of it suggests that Taurine has some synergy with CREB phsophorylation which is not related to its effects on cAMP. http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/12559119

Neuropharmacology. 2003 Jan;44(1):26-39.
Taurine-induced synaptic potentiation and the late phase of long-term potentiation are related mechanistically.
del Olmo N, Handler A, Alvarez L, Bustamante J, Martín del Río R, Solís JM.
Source
Servicio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. de Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
Abstract

The application of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) induces a long-lasting increase of synaptic efficacy and axon excitability (LLP-TAU) in rat hippocampal CA1 area. After taurine withdrawal, LLP-TAU lasted at least 3 h. This fact prompted us to assess whether the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of this particular potentiation were similar to those implicated in the late phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP). In the presence of KN-62, an inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, taurine perfusion (10 mM, 30 min) did not affect the induction of LLP-TAU. However, LLP-TAU maintenance was completely suppressed by KT5720, an inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Moreover, the late phase of LLP-TAU was blocked by inhibiting protein synthesis with anisomycin. In addition, taurine perfusion increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), although did not affect cAMP levels. These features of LLP-TAU do not appear to be caused by the activation of D1/D5 dopamine receptors, as taurine also induced synaptic potentiation in the presence of SCH23390, an antagonist of this type of receptors. Finally, the late phase of both L-LTP and LLP-TAU occluded mutually. These results suggest that taurine triggers the sequence of some of the molecular events involved in the induction of L-LTP.

PMID:12559119



#1379 norepinephrine

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Posted 04 April 2013 - 04:32 PM

Given magnesium is more or less a requisite for any kind of chronic stimulant use, maybe magnesium taurate would be an ideal form for the stack.

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#1380 Reformed-Redan

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Posted 04 April 2013 - 05:08 PM

Just got Artichoke and forskohlii from Swanson. Will see how it works.





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