76 replies to this topic

[niner]

Hmmm not so sure about that. To me it feels like the positive effects fade away after max 1 week

What sort of effects are you seeing that fade after 1 week? How much c60-oo do you take?

[GVA]

Hi bcelliott, thanks for posting! It's great to have someone with your expertise on board. What are your thoughts about the structure of the presumed C60 olive oil adduct? Olive oil is about 8% polyunsaturates, which might lead to a Diels-Alder coupling with C60, and an epoxide-mediated coupling is another thing that has been suggested as a way that C60 might react with saturated fatty acids. Franco Cataldo has discussed the spectrosopic evidence that C60 forms a compound with vegetable oils (refs are around here somewhere, I can find them if you'd like to take a look), but I don't think anyone has ever nailed down the structures. (I'm assuming more than one structure, given the mixed fatty acid composition of vegetable oils.)

I think several reactions are possible, depending upon oil temperature, level of oxygen exposure, and amount of light. Typical 1,2 addition products as well as Diels-Alder and multiple radical additions are certainly possible.

Out of curiosity, I looked for a charge transfer peak around 450 in the visible absorption spectrum of my homemade C60-OO, and found a very weak peak there. Mine was made by room temperature stirring in the dark with minimal oxygen, so I wouldn't expect a large yield of addition products under those conditions, but these products should increase with increased heat and oxygen. I would also expect that a clear bottle of C60-OO that has a violet color would gradually gain a reddish/brown tint over time if left exposed, since the majority of functionalized C60 compounds have a reddish color in solution.

Nailing down the identity of the addition compounds would be a bear of a problem--one I wouldn't enjoy! You'd have to chromatographically separate the products out of the oil into something like toluene, then collect enough to examine via NMR, mass spec, and electrochemistry. As you'll probably get a mixture of mono-, bis-, and higher poly-adducts of differing types having varying regiochemistry on the C60 cage, this would end up being an expensive, time-consuming project with little interest to most people. Sounds like the perfect grad student research project!

As of “To The Question On The Formation Possibility Of Some “Adducts” Of Ñ60 With Fatty Acids During C60 Dissolution In Olive Oil”, Pl see info on the following thread - http://www.longecity...iple-in-c60-oo/
Sincerely yours, GVA

[somecallmetim]

HHM,


I assume by now that you have tried the HyFn products you received. Any noticeable effects worth mentioning?

[HHM]

HHM,


I assume by now that you have tried the HyFn products you received. Any enoticeable effects worth mentioning?

Yes I just finished the received HyFn. I haven't noticed any effect whatsoever. With c60-oo i did experience prononced effect on skin and hair

Edited by HHM, 19 April 2013 - 06:51 PM.

[somecallmetim]

HHM,


I assume by now that you have tried the HyFn products you received. Any enoticeable effects worth mentioning?

Yes I just finished the received HyFn. I haven't noticed any effect whatsoever. With c60-oo i did experience prononced effect on skin and hair

Thanks for the response. What kind of dosage protocol did you follow?

[Walter Derzko]

Last time I saw such an amazing list of properties the label said, "Finest Snake Oil". Is this likely to be real? C60 is certainly beginnning to look like the nearest thing to the elixir of life but that just makes me cautious, on the basis of the old adage, "if it looks too good to be true it probably is."

The explanation is simple: Most chronic human diseases are triggered by oxidative stress or excess free radicals. Carbon 60 hydrated fullerenes attracts excess free radicals to the clustered water surface that forms around the Carbon 60. The free radicals then self-neutralize by exchanging electrons.

Last time I saw such an amazing list of properties the label said, "Finest Snake Oil". Is this likely to be real? C60 is certainly beginnning to look like the nearest thing to the elixir of life but that just makes me cautious, on the basis of the old adage, "if it looks too good to be true it probably is."

The explanation is simple: Most chronic human diseases are triggered by oxidative stress or excess free radicals. Carbon 60 hydrated fullerenes attracts excess free radicals to the clustered water surface that forms around the Carbon 60. The free radicals then self-neutralize by exchanging electrons.

Last time I saw such an amazing list of properties the label said, "Finest Snake Oil". Is this likely to be real? C60 is certainly beginnning to look like the nearest thing to the elixir of life but that just makes me cautious, on the basis of the old adage, "if it looks too good to be true it probably is."

The explanation is simple: Most chronic human diseases are triggered by oxidative stress or excess free radicals. Carbon 60 hydrated fullerenes attracts excess free radicals to the clustered water surface that forms around the Carbon 60. The free radicals then self-neutralize by exchanging electrons.

[Walter Derzko]

New Research on Carbon 60 Hydrated Fullerenes

Stabilizing effects of hydrated fullerenes C60 in a wide range of concentrations on luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, and peroxidase in vitro.
Electromagn Biol Med. 2015 Jun;34(2):160-6. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1036077.

Voeikov VL1, Yablonskaya OI.
Author information
• 1Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation and.
Abstract
Hydrated fullerene (HyFnC60) is a highly hydrophilic supra-molecular complex consisting of unmodified С60 fullerene molecule enclosed into a hydrated shell. It has been shown in numerous experiments that aqueous solutions of HyFnC60 manifest a wide range of biological activities both in vivo and in vitro even at very low concentrations of HyFnC60. We used a spectrophotometric method and a method of biochemoluminescence to demonstrate that HyFnC60 in concentrations below 10(-9 )M down to 10(-23 )M stabilizes peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bacterial luciferase against inactivation due to long-term incubation of the enzymes at room temperature and also against heat inactivation. In addition, HyFnC60 was able to "revive" heat inactivated enzymes. These effects cannot be explained by the direct action of the fullerene molecules upon the enzymes. We suggest that the effects of HyFnC60 on the enzymes are related to the ability of hydrated fullerene C60 molecules to organize thick aqueous shells around them. One of the specific properties of water phase in these shells is its ability to optimize redox reactions, which can support enzyme stability against factors deteriorating their structure.
KEYWORDS:
C60; enzymes; fullerene; hydrated fullerene; redox reactions; ultra-low concentrations; water

http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/26098530

Attached Files

•  C60HyFn - Stabilizing effects on enzymes.pdf   278.62KB   0 downloads

[Walter Derzko]

Carbon 60 Hydrated Fullerenes has a positive effect on CNS mitochondria

Conference: VI Congress of the Ukrainian Society of Neuroscience, At Kyiv, Ukraine ABSTRACT Chemically non-modified hydrated C[60] fullerene (C[60]HyFn) has been earlier demonstrated to exert neuroprotective activity generally through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decrease of oxidative cell damage under various pathological conditions. However, little is known about cytoprotective mechanisms, which C[60]HyFn manifests in certain CNS cell types. This work is aimed to clarify whether C[60]HyFn could diminish rates of ROS generation induced by mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin A (AmA) as an origin of oxidative cytotoxicity in the primary cell culture of rat astrocytes. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was evaluated by immunoblot and used as a marker of functional activity of astrocytes and a hallmark of reactive astrocytosis. C[60] fullerene water solution was produced without using any solubilizers and chemical modification and contains both single C[60]HyFn and their labile nanoassociates with the size of 3-72 nm. Incubation of astrocytes with AmA in the range of concentration of 1-10 μM for 24 h caused dose-dependent cell death. Pre-treatment of cell culture with C[60]HyFn in the final concentration of 0.5 μM for 24 h significantly improved viability of astrocytes affected by AmA. The most important finding concerns antiradical activity of C[60]HyFn that strongly correlates with its cytoprotective efficacy. As it was shown with using of dihydroethidium dye followed by fluorescence analysis at 520 nm, intense formation of ROS occurred in astrocytic cultures in the presence of AmA. Pre-treatment of cells with 0.5 μM of C[60]HyFn considerably diminished rate of ROS formation induced by toxicant. In ...[...]

Protective effects of nanostructures of hydrated C[60] fullerene against oxidative cytotoxicity in astrocytes (PDF Download Available). Available from: http://www.researchg...y_in_astrocytes [accessed Jul 3, 2015].

http://www.researchg...y_in_astrocytes

Attached Files

•  Mitochondria Protective effects of nanostructures of hydrated C60 fullerene against oxidative cytotoxicityin astrocytes 00134.pdf   263.57KB   3 downloads

Edited by Walter Derzko, 03 July 2015 - 03:51 PM.

[niner]

We used a spectrophotometric method and a method of biochemoluminescence to demonstrate that HyFnC60 in concentrations below 10(-9 )M down to 10(-23 )M stabilizes peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bacterial luciferase against inactivation due to long-term incubation of the enzymes at room temperature and also against heat inactivation.

 

10**(-23) m/L * (6.02 e23 molecules/mole) = 6 molecules/liter.

 

I wasn't able to download the attachment for some reason, so I haven't seen the full text.  If c60 is ordering water in a Pollack-like fashion, the ordered water must be pretty stable.   This seems kind of implausible...  It would take VERY little contamination to raise the c60 concentration by a factor of a million when dealing with concentrations of a handful of molecules per liter.  This wouldn't necessarily negate the results they see at, say, femtomolar concentrations. 

[Walter Derzko]

Nano Physics or Quantum physics or in this case, quantum chemistry works in strange ways

[bixbyte]

 

We used a spectrophotometric method and a method of biochemoluminescence to demonstrate that HyFnC60 in concentrations below 10(-9 )M down to 10(-23 )M stabilizes peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bacterial luciferase against inactivation due to long-term incubation of the enzymes at room temperature and also against heat inactivation.

 

10**(-23) m/L * (6.02 e23 molecules/mole) = 6 molecules/liter.

 

I wasn't able to download the attachment for some reason, so I haven't seen the full text.  If c60 is ordering water in a Pollack-like fashion, the ordered water must be pretty stable.   This seems kind of implausible...  It would take VERY little contamination to raise the c60 concentration by a factor of a million when dealing with concentrations of a handful of molecules per liter.  This wouldn't necessarily negate the results they see at, say, femtomolar concentrations. 

 

 

Only 6 Molecules C60 per Liter?? 

You could uptake a significantly higher level of C60 in Olive Oil.

What I find interesting is they demonstrate similar antibacterial effects found in the other C60 studies.

 

 

Study cited:

Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.

 

Another Study Cited:

 

Stem cell niches provide resident stem cells with signals that specify their identity. Niche signals act over a short range such that only stem cells but not their differentiating progeny receive the selfrenewing signals1. However, the cellular mechanisms that limit niche signalling to stem cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Drosophila male germline stem cells form previously unrecognized structures, microtubule-based nanotubes, which extend into the hub, a major niche component. Microtubule-based nanotubes are observed specifically within germline stem cell populations, and require intraflagellar transport proteins for their formation. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor Tkv localizes to microtubule-based nanotubes. Perturbation of microtubule- based nanotubes compromises activation of Dpp signalling within germline stem cells, leading to germline stem cell loss. Moreover, Dpp ligand and Tkv receptor interaction is necessary and sufficient for microtubule-based nanotube formation. We propose that microtubule-based nanotubes provide a novel mechanism for selective receptor-ligand interaction, contributing to the short-range nature of niche-stem-cell signalling.

[Daniel Cooper]

 

Only 6 Molecules C60 per Liter?? 

You could uptake a significantly higher level of C60 in Olive Oil.

What I find interesting is they demonstrate similar antibacterial effects found in the other C60 studies.

 

 

Study cited:

Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.

 

Another Study Cited:

 

Stem cell niches provide resident stem cells with signals that specify their identity. Niche signals act over a short range such that only stem cells but not their differentiating progeny receive the selfrenewing signals1. However, the cellular mechanisms that limit niche signalling to stem cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Drosophila male germline stem cells form previously unrecognized structures, microtubule-based nanotubes, which extend into the hub, a major niche component. Microtubule-based nanotubes are observed specifically within germline stem cell populations, and require intraflagellar transport proteins for their formation. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor Tkv localizes to microtubule-based nanotubes. Perturbation of microtubule- based nanotubes compromises activation of Dpp signalling within germline stem cells, leading to germline stem cell loss. Moreover, Dpp ligand and Tkv receptor interaction is necessary and sufficient for microtubule-based nanotube formation. We propose that microtubule-based nanotubes provide a novel mechanism for selective receptor-ligand interaction, contributing to the short-range nature of niche-stem-cell signalling.

 

 

 

I found the part highlighted in red interesting.  Does anyone know what studies they are referring to there?

 

 

[Walter Derzko]

> Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models;

This sounds like they used just pristine Carbon 60 powder orally administered or inhaled, which are not water soluble, and not Carbon 60 hydrated fullerenes, which are water soluble.

BTW OECD nanotech studies showed that C60 powder is safe and has no toxic effects

C60 Powder gets clean bill of health in all safety and toxicity studies that the OECD looked at.

http://www.oecd.org/...&docLanguage=En

June 3 2015
ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE JOINT MEETING OF THE CHEMICALS COMMITTEE AND THE WORKING PARTY ON CHEMICALS, PESTICIDES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
DOSSIER ON FULLERENES
- PART 2 -
Series on the Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials
No. 48

http://www.oecd.org/...&docLanguage=En

ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE JOINT MEETING OF THE CHEMICALS COMMITTEE AND THE WORKING PARTY ON CHEMICALS, PESTICIDES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
DOSSIER ON FULLERENES - PART 1 -
Series on the Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials No. 48

Edited by Walter Derzko, 06 July 2015 - 09:32 PM.

[Walter Derzko]

>You could uptake a significantly higher level of C60 in Olive Oil.

Why would you want higher levels? C60 HYFNs works better at the nanolevels .0002 mg /per 100ml then at macro levels, with low solubility in Olive oil.

>What I find interesting is they demonstrate similar antibacterial effects found in the other C60 studies.

Human clinical studies in Ukraine showed that C60HYFNs have antibacterial /antiviral effects with Hep C and H. Pylori and ulcers

[bixbyte]

 

 

Only 6 Molecules C60 per Liter?? 

You could uptake a significantly higher level of C60 in Olive Oil.

What I find interesting is they demonstrate similar antibacterial effects found in the other C60 studies.

 

 

Study cited:

Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.

 

Another Study Cited:

 

Stem cell niches provide resident stem cells with signals that specify their identity. Niche signals act over a short range such that only stem cells but not their differentiating progeny receive the selfrenewing signals1. However, the cellular mechanisms that limit niche signalling to stem cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Drosophila male germline stem cells form previously unrecognized structures, microtubule-based nanotubes, which extend into the hub, a major niche component. Microtubule-based nanotubes are observed specifically within germline stem cell populations, and require intraflagellar transport proteins for their formation. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor Tkv localizes to microtubule-based nanotubes. Perturbation of microtubule- based nanotubes compromises activation of Dpp signalling within germline stem cells, leading to germline stem cell loss. Moreover, Dpp ligand and Tkv receptor interaction is necessary and sufficient for microtubule-based nanotube formation. We propose that microtubule-based nanotubes provide a novel mechanism for selective receptor-ligand interaction, contributing to the short-range nature of niche-stem-cell signalling.

 

 

 

I found the part highlighted in red interesting.  Does anyone know what studies they are referring to there?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm....ubmed/21872392#

 

• Abstract

Send to:

 

 

 

 

J Hazard Mater. 2011 Oct 30;194:324-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.101. Epub 2011 Aug 5.

Intratracheal administration of fullerene nanoparticles activates splenic CD11b+ cells.

Ding N1, Kunugita N, Ichinose T, Song Y, Yokoyama M, Arashidani K, Yoshida Y.

Author information

 

Abstract

Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.

PMID:  21872392

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Edited by bixbyte, 07 July 2015 - 12:09 AM.

[bixbyte]

 

 

 

Only 6 Molecules C60 per Liter?? 

You could uptake a significantly higher level of C60 in Olive Oil.

What I find interesting is they demonstrate similar antibacterial effects found in the other C60 studies.

 

 

Study cited:

Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.

 

Another Study Cited:

 

Stem cell niches provide resident stem cells with signals that specify their identity. Niche signals act over a short range such that only stem cells but not their differentiating progeny receive the selfrenewing signals1. However, the cellular mechanisms that limit niche signalling to stem cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Drosophila male germline stem cells form previously unrecognized structures, microtubule-based nanotubes, which extend into the hub, a major niche component. Microtubule-based nanotubes are observed specifically within germline stem cell populations, and require intraflagellar transport proteins for their formation. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor Tkv localizes to microtubule-based nanotubes. Perturbation of microtubule- based nanotubes compromises activation of Dpp signalling within germline stem cells, leading to germline stem cell loss. Moreover, Dpp ligand and Tkv receptor interaction is necessary and sufficient for microtubule-based nanotube formation. We propose that microtubule-based nanotubes provide a novel mechanism for selective receptor-ligand interaction, contributing to the short-range nature of niche-stem-cell signalling.

 

 

 

I found the part highlighted in red interesting.  Does anyone know what studies they are referring to there?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm....ubmed/21872392#

 

• Abstract

Send to:

 

 

 

 

J Hazard Mater. 2011 Oct 30;194:324-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.101. Epub 2011 Aug 5.

Intratracheal administration of fullerene nanoparticles activates splenic CD11b+ cells.

Ding N1, Kunugita N, Ichinose T, Song Y, Yokoyama M, Arashidani K, Yoshida Y.

Author information

 

Abstract

Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.

PMID:  21872392

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

fullerenes intratracheally 

[Daniel Cooper]

 

 

 

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm....ubmed/21872392#

 

• Abstract

Send to:

 

 

 

 

J Hazard Mater. 2011 Oct 30;194:324-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.101. Epub 2011 Aug 5.

Intratracheal administration of fullerene nanoparticles activates splenic CD11b+ cells.

Ding N1, Kunugita N, Ichinose T, Song Y, Yokoyama M, Arashidani K, Yoshida Y.

Author information

 

Abstract

Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.

PMID:  21872392

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

fullerenes intratracheally 

 

 

Indeed.  Inhaled fullerenes which is perfectly legitimate if you're doing toxicology studies for environmental exposure but almost certainly not applicable to C60oo or hydrated fullernes. 

 

Given that they that these inhaled fullerense were inducing inflammation, the fact that they were seeing immune system modulation isn't terribly surprising is it?  I mean, how would you have inflammation without immune system modulation? 

 

 

Edited by Daniel Cooper, 07 July 2015 - 02:05 PM.