Lots of things work in vitro but not in vivo. That patent is all in vitro.
Here's another substance which apparently blocks a PMA inflammatory response in vitro:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/20673574
The usual reason that things work in vitro but not in vivo is that the pharmacokinetics of the compound are too lousy to hit the concentrations they used in the in vivo work. While phosphorylated glucosamine may or may not have poor PK, (my guess would be poor), we already know that the C60-fatty acid adduct has good PK, and, assuming that it reacts using chemistry that has already been shown in C60, it would be structurally similar to the compounds in the Luna patent. While none of this is a guarantee, I think C60 has a good shot at some amount of plaque prevention, among other things.