C60 and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Western pharma --Novartis and Harvard Medical School are just now catching up to Ukrainian research on fullerenes....5 - 10 years behind. They have to resort to a less pure and less elegant, more chemically complex and more expensive C70 fullerene derivatives-(ALM, a liposome encapsulated C70 fullerene and TGA, a water-soluble C70 fullerene conjugated with four glycolic acids), whereas pristine Carbon 60 hydrated fullerenes have been on the Ukrainian market since 2010. This Novartis research supports Ukrainian results that show that C60 fullerenes manage arthritis, as many people now know, and have first hand results, (pun intended) totally pain free.
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Inhibition of inflammatory arthritis using fullerene nanomaterials.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 16;10(4):e0126290. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126290. eCollection 2015.
Dellinger AL1, Cunin P2, Lee D3, Kung AL4, Brooks DB5, Zhou Z5, Nigrovic PA2, Kepley CL1.
Author information
•1University of North Carolina Greensboro, Joint School of Nanosceince and Nanoengineering, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America.
•2Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
•3Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
•4Dana Farber Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
•5Luna Innovations Incorporated, Danville, Virginia, United States of America.
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis; RA) is a complex disease driven by the interplay of multiple cellular lineages. Fullerene derivatives have previously been shown to have anti-inflammatory capabilities mediated, in part, by their ability to prevent inflammatory mediator release by mast cells (MC). Recognizing that MC can serve as a cellular link between autoantibodies, soluble mediators, and other effector populations in inflammatory arthritis, it was hypothesized that fullerene derivatives might be used to target this inflammatory disease. A panel of fullerene derivatives was tested for their ability to affect the function of human skin-derived MC as well as other lineages implicated in arthritis, synovial fibroblasts and osteoclasts. It is shown that certain fullerene derivatives blocked FcγR- and TNF-α-induced mediator release from MC; TNF-α-induced mediator release from RA synovial fibroblasts; and maturation of human osteoclasts. MC inhibition by fullerene derivatives was mediated through the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and FcγR-mediated increases in cellular reactive oxygen species and NF-κB activation. Based on these in vitro data, two fullerene derivatives (ALM and TGA) were selected for in vivo studies using K/BxN serum transfer arthritis in C57BL/6 mice and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice. Dye-conjugated fullerenes confirmed localization to affected joints in arthritic animals but not in healthy controls. In the K/BxN moldel, fullerenes attenuated arthritis, an effect accompanied by reduced histologic inflammation, cartilage/bone erosion, and serum levels of TNF-α. Fullerenes remained capable of attenuating K/BxN arthritis in mast cell-deficient mice Cre-Master mice, suggesting that lineages beyond the MC represent relevant targets in this system. These studies suggest that fullerene derivatives may hold promise both as an assessment tool and as anti-inflammatory therapy of arthritis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/25879437