Well, I was mainly referring to the fact that BPD is a neuropsychiatric disorder* , instead of the old model currently in effect - that it's strictly an acquired set of traits - a personality disorder.
That's incorrect - BPD is almost fully proven to be a disorder of mostly genetic and neuro-anatomical nature. You're born with the disorder, but the symptoms isn't necessarily readily visible until a certain age.
Here, check out my prototypical paper on the subject, and judge for yourself if a redefinition of the disease is in its order:
1. fMRI studies prove that BPD is a neuropsychiatric disorder - suspected pathology is a faulty Fronto-amygdal loop. (compare to ADHD: Fronto-Striatal, or SCT: Fronto-Parietal)
2. Study proves that BPD-ers have abnormally high choline-production.
3. Another study shows that the Alpha-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a very important site in the Amygdala - controlling outward traffic to other networks. (like the PFC!)
4. The effects of Alpha-7 modulating compounds like Memantine and Lithium is found.
5. Piracetam reports of effects on BPD is found.
6. aCh-modulation hypothesis is born - combining knowledge from several sources! It ties everything together nicely...
References:
------------------- PFC and Amygdala:
Borderline personality disorder is a heritable brain disease
http://www.mdedge.co...order-heritable
Brain structure and function in borderline personality disorder
http://link.springer...0429-012-0379-4
Orbital frontal and amygdala volume reductions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/10530633
Evidence of abnormal amygdala functioning in borderline personality disorder: a functional MRI study.
https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/11522264
Amygdala-prefrontal disconnection in borderline personality disorder.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/17203018
Neural Correlates of Disturbed Emotion Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Multimodal Meta-Analysis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/25935068
Behavioral Inhibition System activity is associated with increased amygdala and hippocampal gray matter volume: A voxel-based morphometry study
http://www.sciencedi...05381190600797X
Acetylcholine connection:
Aberrant DNA Methylation of rDNA and PRIMA1 in Borderline Personality Disorder
http://www.ncbi.nlm....les/PMC4730312/
α7-Containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on interneurons of the basolateral amygdala and their role in the regulation of the network excitability.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/24004528
Depressive response to physostigmine challenge in borderline personality disorder patients.
http://www.ncbi.nlm..../pubmed/9326751
Possible varenicline-induced paranoia and irritability in a patient with major depressive disorder, borderline personality disorder, and methamphetamine abuse in remission.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/19011454
Possible connection between aCh and NAA
Neurochemical alterations associated with borderline personality disorder.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/25817526
Basal forebrain moderates the magnitude of task-dependent amygdala functional connectivity
http://europepmc.org...cles/pmc4381234
N-Acetylaspartate in the CNS: From Neurodiagnostics to Neurobiology
http://www.ncbi.nlm....les/PMC1919520/
Fluctuations in Acetylcholine-levels as a result of fluctuations in sex-hormones
Dietary choline requirements of women: effects of estrogen and genetic variation1,2,3
http://ajcn.nutritio.../92/5/1113.full
Menstrual cycle-related brain metabolite changes using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in premenopausal women: a pilot study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/11231099
The Alpha-7-receptors role as primarily a behavioural regulator, and not of peripheral activity:
Alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit is not required for parasympathetic control of the heart in the mouse.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/15797970
Role of central nicotinic and beta-adrenergic receptors in the onset and further development of tail-tremor induced by repeated nicotine administration to rats.
http://www.ncbi.nlm..../pubmed/9151294
Evidence of Piracetam, a modulator of the Cholinergic system for the treatment of excessive emotionality.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of piracetam on breath-holding spells.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/22302459
Anecdotal evidence from self-professed sufferers of BPD regarding the effects of Piracetam on the disease:
http://be-a-betterma...brain-drug.html
"My wife who has Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), finds that Piracetam helps her tremendously. It helps keep her wild mood swings and perceptions under control."
https://www.reddit.c...tam_kicking_in/
"Immediately. When I first took piracetam I didn't notice anything, but that was before I had anxiety/borderline issues... piracetam was sort of a last ditch effort since I had it on my shelf, really helped me get back on track!
edit I take ~800mg when I need it now, been having good luck with other stuff though like L-phenylalanine"
http://nootriment.co...for-depression/
“When I started to use Piracetam, I noticed some stimulating effects like increased mental and physical activity, decreased fatigue and trouble sleeping. Later on my severe mood swings (because of BPD), impulsivity and inadequate behavior started to disappear. I became more active, very productive, no more sluggish in the morning, positive and noticed that depressive symptoms are gone. – Parapsychiatrist"
http://www.depressio...total-recovery/
"I'd like to share my experiences and thoughts what could have caused my recovery (from bipolar, insomnia and severe manifestation of bpd)
Piracetam course was supposed to last only month, but because of such 'magical' effects, my doctor allowed me to continue using it."
http://forum.bodybui...d.php?t=5185783
"I've shown symptoms ranging from bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, ADD, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder.
Well odd thing is that when I cut back on the choline bitartrate, I actually started to feel better. - Random907"
Potential candidates for treatment: novel antidepressants with Alpha-7-nicotinic antagonistic properties
HNK and DNK
Sub-anesthetic concentrations of (R,S)-ketamine metabolites inhibit acetylcholine-evoked currents in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
http://www.ncbi.nlm....les/PMC3534778/
As for BPD-ers being depressed, well, that's common health-care knowledge! They're at the top of the suicide-numbers, sadly.