" Could dinosaur-age DNA cure GOUT? Reviving a 90 million-year-old protein could treat painful inflammation
Researchers have resurrected a prehistoric version of the enzyme uricase
Uricase can break down uric acid, which can cause kidney stones and gout
It is not produced in humans because of evolutionary changes that took place in the body over 20 million years ago
Eric Gaucher at the Georgia Institute of Technology the resurrected the prehistoric protein by putting the DNA sequence into E. coli that translated ancient DNA into protein. They tested how well each protein worked on removing uric acid. The most effective was one which was 90 million-years-old and existed at a time when dinosaurs still roamed the Earth.
" MORE
We're still dong this long hand and reconstructing the past by human intensive syetms.
by 2022 on trends this shod change to machie inteligence doing it.
"oatMore than 50 archaeological finds, including skulls from Roman London, a Roman cremation pot, flint used by Londoners 9,000 years ago and items found in a suspected Black Death Plague burial ground are about to go on show at Crossrail's site at Tottenham Court Road in London."
we have to achieve replaceable parts that dont mutate 'randomly' and those attempting it long hand (before Machine Intelligence) have an idea on stem cells:
"Using scaffolds outside of the body to generate synthetic tracheas, cell-grown blood vessels and ears (kind of) is already an established practice in bioengineering research. But what happens once those scaffolds have been implanted? A team from Duke University is working on getting them to become fuel-generating systems that continually encourage stem cells to grow inside the body, to directly rebuild cartilage on site." MORE>
The human body reduces to quantum particles.
To succeed in Quantum Archaeology we can construct the and calculate the required resurrectee in the environment.
Lots of calculation by human and present computing but finite and probable in the future.
Brain cell regeneration has been discovered in a new location in human brains. The finding raises hopes that these cells could be used to help people recover after a stroke, or to treat other brain diseases. For years it was unclear whether or not we could generate new brain cells during our lifetime, as the process – neurogenesis – had only been seen in animals. Instead, it was thought that humans, with our large and complex brains, are born with all the required neurons. Then last year Jonas Frisén of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, and his colleagues found that neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampi..." MORE
"...Neurala in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has built robot brains using GPUs. It says they run roughly 10 times as fast as those built on CPUs. I watched a software simulation at the Neuromorphics Lab at Boston University. A virtual rover is given a basic route across the surface of a digital Mars and it sets off without hesitation, spotting the rocks in its way as it goes. The robot's brain processes visual information in real time, enabling it to do more than simply navigate from one spot to another. This means robots could one day be trusted to make their own decisions when navigating changing terrain on Mars." MORE
New Classification System for Life discovered @ Virginia Tech
"A Virginia Tech researcher has developed a new way to classify and name organisms based on their genome sequence and in doing so created a universal language that scientists can use to communicate with unprecedented specificity about all life on Earth.
"Two 8-foot robots recently began directing traffic in the capital city of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kinshasa. The automatons are little more than traffic lights dressed up as campy 1960s robots—and yet, drivers obey them more readily than the humans previously directing traffic there." MORE
"Tasmanian researchers have revealed ancient conditions that almost ended life on Earth, using a new technique they developed to hunt for mineral deposits. The first life developed in the ancient oceans around 3.6 billion years ago, but then nothing much happened. Life remained as little more than a layer of slime for a billion years. Suddenly, 550 million years ago, evolution burst back into action -- and here we are today. So what was the hold-up during those 'boring billion' years?" MORE
The oldest microbes died 3.43 billion years ago, leaving only 'microbial mats',
when we achieve self-improving machines..as software/other victuals or as robots, the improvement may be so fast it is acceleration (S. Hawing, V.Vinge).
We modify ourselves or build an overarching Superintelligence with sufficient contained protocols.
"(Medical Xpress)—A team of researchers with the University of Texas has, for the first time, successfully grown a human lung in a lab. Project leads Dr. Joaquin Cortiella and Dr. Joan Nichols announced the landmark breakthrough to various members of the press this past week, describing the procedure and what was achieved." MORE>>
" Scientists at the University of Malta think touch screens are for suckers. Mind-controlled devices? Now, that’s where it’s at. Outfitted in an electrode-studded cap, users of the group’s specially designed music software are able to play a song, fast forward tracks, and adjust the volume by merely looking at the screen." MORE
"The Neanderthals are associated with the Molodova (Ukraine) archaeological sites (43,000-45,000 BC) which include a mammoth bone dwelling.[11][12]" wiki
wax cylinder and photo motion added to Tennyson reading his poem The Charge of The Light Brigade in the Ukraine
In an announcement likely to rewrite the book on early colonization of the New World, two researchers have proposed a location for the oldest fortified settlement ever found in North America. They believe that the legendary Fort Caroline, a long-sought fort built by the French in 1564, is located near the mouth of the Altamaha River in southeast Georgia. ." MORE http://www.scienceda...40221111218.htm
It is not possible to hide the past. Everything that has exited is chartable, and with coming microrobotics, recreatable.
"TRALLEIS, TURKEY—A large-scale restoration project has begun at Tralleis in western Turkey, according to Hurriet Daily. Archaeologists aim to restore parts of the city, which was once an important center in the trade routes crossing the ancient Mediterranean, after millennia of earthquakes have damaged the site. In antiquity, Tralleis was inhabited from at least the fourth century B.C. through the Roman period, and survived until the 13th century. “The city has features showing the activities and social life of many eras,” says Culture and Tourism Director Nuri Aktakka, who is supporting the scientific research at the site in an effort to bring tourists to this little-known ancient city." MORE
October2013 "A foundation dedicated to Sergei Prokofiev will give a priceless trove of musical manuscripts, letters and other items belonging to the composer — including a suitcase — to the Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Columbia in an effort to make them more accessible to scholars. Most of the materials represent Prokofiev’s work from 1918 to 1938, the years he visited or lived in the West." MORE
First resurrections will be possible close to the dawn of Machine Intelligence (due 2022 on trends). When this thread stared in 2012, 20-40 years was the estimate. It has reduced to before 2025 as technology breakthrough accelerate. A.I. is now commercial driven from being 'run by crackpots who should have their funding halted immediately (Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher)
Companies like Google IBM and Facebook are committing huge amounts to A.I. which are already on mobiles, cutting routine tasks for men.
"It's hard to know where to start with Ray Kurzweil. With the fact that he takes 150 pills a day and is intravenously injected on a weekly basis with a dizzying list of vitamins, dietary supplements, and substances that sound about as scientifically effective as face cream: coenzyme Q10, phosphatidycholine, glutathione?" MORE http://www.theguardi...al-intelligence
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ New classification system for Life (above)
"A System to Automatically Classify and Name Any Individual Genome-Sequenced Organism Independently of Current Biological Classification and Nomenclature
Abstract
A broadly accepted and stable biological classification system is a prerequisite for biological sciences. It provides the means to describe and communicate about life without ambiguity. Current biological classification and nomenclature use the species as the basic unit and require lengthy and laborious species descriptions before newly discovered organisms can be assigned to a species and be named. The current system is thus inadequate to classify and name the immense genetic diversity within species that is now being revealed by genome sequencing on a daily basis. To address this lack of a general intra-species classification and naming system adequate for today’s speed of discovery of new diversity, we propose a classification and naming system that is exclusively based on genome similarity and that is suitable for automatic assignment of codes to any genome-sequenced organism without requiring any phenotypic or phylogenetic analysis. We provide examples demonstrating that genome similarity-based codes largely align with current taxonomic groups at many different levels in bacteria, animals, humans, plants, and viruses. Importantly, the proposed approach is only slightly affected by the order of code assignment and can thus provide codes that reflect similarity between organisms and that do not need to be revised upon discovery of new diversity. We envision genome similarity-based codes to complement current biological nomenclature and to provide a universal means to communicate unambiguously about any genome-sequenced organism in fields as diverse as biodiversity research, infectious disease control, human and microbial forensics, animal breed and plant cultivar certification, and human ancestry research."
""I work in computation, so having the opportunity to impart my knowledge by ordering the organic world through numbered sequences of DNA was fascinating," Heath said. "The mathematical world and the living world are a lot more closely related than we think."" http://www.eurekaler...t-vts022014.php
Historical recreations, like Archaeology will never stop improving until it has full replication. In 5-10 years on present trends in miniaturization and calculation. These will be on mobile devices and you will be able to machine cinema your own parts of family and group histories on your display screen..2 D and holographic. By 2025 any part of human history down to the firing of individual neurons of long dead people, will be displayable on The Quantum Archaeology Grid. The component parts of this like the new Genetic Tree of Life (above) are already moving independently into place. You will be able to see your ancestors at work in the fields, and watch actual battles.
The past is being pieced together. It will go into the Quantum Scale under 100 billionths of a metre, and reconstruct there during the 2020's.
2014 marks the anniversary of 'Sir Alexander Cunningham, (born Jan. 23, 1814, London, Eng.—died Nov. 28, 1893, London), British army officer and archaeologist who excavated many sites in India, including Sārnāth and Sānchi, and served as the first director of the Indian Archaeological Survey.'
War looks bad for Archaeology, but death it is irrelevant. You may meet and interact with everyone from history. To argue otherwise is mystical.
No-one has died. Man is a being incapable of death. or else Archeology is impossible. Size doesn't limit archaeology. Only the present technology limits us.
"New research suggests that the shapes of both plants and animals evolved in response to the same mathematical and physical principles. By working through the logic underlying Kleiber’s Law (metabolism equals mass to the three-quarter power) and applying it separately to the geometry of plants and animals, researchers were able to show that plants and animals display equivalent energy efficiencies." MORE
" Working with elusive evidence, Janet Franklin, Arizona State University (ASU) professor of geography, took part in a project to understand the profound changes in plant and animal life that occurred on the islands of the West Indies from the end of the last Ice Age over 12,000 years ago and how humans impacted on the environment. Intriguing fossils
A paper published by Franklin and her colleagues reports on an intriguing fossil deposit discovered on Abaco Island in the Northern Bahamas in 2009. The fossils are embedded in a layer of peat – organic soil – that is buried under beach sand and is only exposed a few days a year, during extremely low tides." MORE -
"Hollywood actors say Greek sculptures have had a “very nice stay” in Britain but should be returned" More
On Seeing the Elgin Marbles By John Keats My spirit is too weak—mortality Weighs heavily on me like unwilling sleep, And each imagined pinnacle and steep Of godlike hardship tells me I must die....."
A SOLUTION TO MUSEUMS' LOOTED TREASURES:
- Museums pool their treasures and syndicate them in circulating exhibitions.
subject to stability and sufficient facilities, more people could see them, and international cooperation could be improved.
- the UN declares them international importance and nations bid to house them periodically.
- It is now possible to 3D print accurate facsimiles of most of them.
If you let nations reclaim artifacts, then the returns could be massive. Why not include plundered DNA from captured slaves, present in populations?
Nations are a nuisance, and lack of a UN with tax raising powers plus ability to initiate projects allows wars which ruins archaeology sites.
"The interactive map, produced by researchers from Oxford University and UCL (University College London), details the histories of genetic mixing between each of the 95 populations across Europe, Africa, Asia and South America spanning the last four millennia. The study, published this week in Science, simultaneously identifies, dates and characterises genetic mixing between populations. To do this, the researchers developed sophisticated statistical methods to analyse the DNA of 1490 individuals in 95 populations around the world. The work was chiefly funded by the Wellcome Trust and Royal Society." MORE The powerful technique, christened 'Globetrotter', provides insight into past events such as the genetic legacy of the Mongol Empire. Historical records suggest that the Hazara people of Pakistan are partially descended from Mongol warriors, and this study found clear evidence of Mongol DNA entering the population during the period of the Mongol Empire. Six other populations, from as far west as Turkey, showed similar evidence of genetic mixing with Mongols around the same time. "What amazes me most is simply how well our technique works," said Dr Garrett Hellenthal of the UCL Genetics Institute, lead author of the study. "Although individual mutations carry only weak signals about where a person is from, by adding information across the whole genome we can reconstruct these mixing events. Sometimes individuals sampled from nearby regions can have surprisingly different sources of mixing. "For example, we identify distinct events happening at different times among groups sampled within Pakistan, with some inheriting DNA from sub-Saharan Africa, perhaps related to the Arab Slave Trade, others from East Asia, and yet another from ancient Europe. Nearly all our populations show mixing events, so they are very common throughout recent history and often involve people migrating over large distances." continues good article http://www.ucl.ac.uk...genetic-history
More of The Quantum Archaeology Grid. assembles! As our technology moves more skillfully into the quantum scale (under 10 billionths of a meter) we will map the universe of the past in sufficient detail to map dead people- then resurrect them with microrobots, including Quantum Robots
The most advanced microrobotics labs I've seen are gvmt research, but academies and companies have huge facilities:
ANOTHER BREAKTHROUGH IN 600 yr old VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT
18th feb 2014 BBC
" A breakthrough has been made in attempts to decipher a mysterious 600-year-old manuscript written in an unknown language, it has been claimed. The Voynich Manuscript, carbon-dated to the 1400s, was rediscovered in 1912, but has defied codebreakers since. Now, Bedfordshire University's Stephen Bax says he has deciphered 10 words, which could lead to more discoveries. The manuscript, which some think is a hoax, is full of illustrations of plants and stars, as well as text...." MORE
"In a recent paper, “Constraints on the Universe as a Numerical Simulation,” the physicists Silas R. Beane, Zohreh Davoudi and Martin J. Savage outline a possible method for detecting that our world is actually a computer simulation. Physicists have been creating their own computer simulations of the forces of nature for years — on a tiny scale, the size of an atomic nucleus. They use a three-dimensional grid to model a little chunk of the universe; then they run the program to see what happens. This way, they have been able to simulate the motion and collisions of elementary particles." More
NB because the universe is describable as a hologram, does not mean it is made by an intelligent being: since holograms exist they must be part of nature. The Bostrom Simulation Argument is misquoted that we are most probably living in a simulation (the other two probabilities have been ignored. Nor are they exhaustive).
No. of bits for a simulation of the entire universe discussed:
"In physics and cosmology, digital physics is a collection of theoretical perspectives based on the premise that the universe is, at heart, describable by information, and is therefore computable." wiki
TODAY: 00:00 22 February 2014 Symbols in the medieval text have been mapped to sounds using a method reminiscent of the one that helped linguists decode Egyptian hieroglyphs
data.
Recursive civilization, -the past and present interacting with each other in new futures, is due son after the advent of Machine Intelligence (the Singularity) from 2022. Quantum Theory is challenging the basis of measurement:
"Things are going to slide, slide in all directions Won't be nothing Nothing you can measure anymore " Leonard Cohen
“There is a big data revolution,” says Weatherhead University Professor Gary King. But it is not the quantity of data that is revolutionary. “The big data revolution is that now we can do something with the data.” Data.
" Data now stream from daily life: from phones and credit cards and televisions and computers; from the infrastructure of cities; from sensor-equipped buildings, trains, buses, planes, bridges, and factories. The data flow so fast that the total accumulation of the past two years—a zettabyte—dwarfs the prior record of human civilization. “There is a big data revolution,” says Weatherhead University Professor Gary King. But it is not the quantity of data that is revolutionary. “The big data revolution is that now we can do something with the data.” The revolution lies in improved statistical and computational methods, not in the exponential growth of storage or even computational capacity, King explains. The doubling of computing power every 18 months (Moore’s Law) “is nothing compared to a big algorithm”—a set of rules that can be used to solve a problem a thousand times faster than conventional computational methods could. One colleague, faced with a mountain of data, figured out that he would need a $2-million computer to analyze it. Instead, King and his graduate students came up with an algorithm within two hours that would do the same thing in 20 minutes—on a laptop: a simple example, but illustrative. New ways of linking datasets have played a large role in generating new insights. And creative approaches to visualizing data—humans are far better than computers at seeing patterns—frequently prove integral to the process of creating knowledge. Many of the tools now being developed can be used across disciplines as seemingly disparate as astronomy and medicine. Among students, there is a huge appetite for the new field. A Harvard course in data science last fall attracted 400 students, from the schools of law, business, government, design, and medicine, as well from the College, the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and even MIT. Faculty members have taken note: the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) will introduce a new master’s program in computational biology and quantitative genetics next year, likely a precursor to a Ph.D. program. In SEAS, there is talk of organizing a master’s in data science. “There is a movement of quantification rumbling across fields in academia and science, industry and government and nonprofits,” says King, who directs Harvard’s Institute for Quantitative Social Science (IQSS), a hub of expertise for interdisciplinary projects aimed at solving problems in human society. Among faculty colleagues, he reports, “Half the members of the government department are doing some type of data analysis, along with much of the sociology department and a good fraction of economics, more than half of the School of Public Health, and a lot in the Medical School.” Even law has been seized by the movement to empirical research—“which is social science,” he says. “It is hard to find an area that hasn’t been affected.” The story follows a similar pattern in every field, King asserts. The leaders are qualitative experts in their field. Then a statistical researcher who doesn’t know the details of the field comes in and, using modern data analysis, adds tremendous insight and value. As an example, he describes how Kevin Quinn, formerly an assistant professor of government at Harvard, ran a contest comparing his statistical model to the qualitative judgments of 87 law professors to see which could best predict the outcome of all the Supreme Court cases in a year. “The law professors knew the jurisprudence and what each of the justices had decided in previous cases, they knew the case law and all the arguments,” King recalls. “Quinn and his collaborator, Andrew Martin [then an associate professor of political science at Washington University], collected six crude variables on a whole lot of previous cases and did an analysis.” King pauses a moment. “I think you know how this is going to end. It was no contest.” Whenever sufficient information can be quantified, modern statistical methods will outperform an individual or small group of people every time. In marketing, familiar uses of big data include “recommendation engines” like those used by companies such as Netflix and Amazon to make purchase suggestions based on the prior interests of one customer as compared to millions of others. Target famously (or infamously) used an algorithm to detect when women were pregnant by tracking purchases of items such as unscented lotions—and offered special discounts and coupons to those valuable patrons. Credit-card companies have found unusual associations in the course of mining data to evaluate the risk of default: people who buy anti-scuff pads for their furniture, for example, are highly likely to make their payments. In the public realm, there are all kinds of applications: allocating police resources by predicting where and when crimes are most likely to occur; finding associations between air quality and health; or using genomic analysis to speed the breeding of crops like rice for drought resistance. In more specialized research, to take one example, creating tools to analyze huge datasets in the biological sciences enabled associate professor of organismic and evolutionary biology Pardis Sabeti, studying the human genome’s billions of base pairs, to identify genes that rose to prominence quickly in the course of human evolution, determining traits such as the ability to digest cow’s milk, or resistance to diseases like malaria. King himself recently developed a tool for analyzing social media texts. “There are now a billion social-media posts every two days…which represent the largest increase in the capacity of the human race to express itself at any time in the history of the world,” he says. No single person can make sense of what a billion other people are saying. But statistical methods developed by King and his students, who tested his tool on Chinese-language posts, now make that possible. (To learn what he accidentally uncovered about Chinese government censorship practices, see “Reverse-engineering Chinese Censorship.”) King also designed and implemented “what has been called the largest single experimental design to evaluate a social program in the world, ever,” reports Julio Frenk, dean of HSPH..." MORE
good article
Data. The basic principles of science have to be hammered into our head or we trot down cul-de-sacs, somtimes for 100's of years. The world may look random and lawless, but machine statistical systems sort it:
"Big data[1][2] is the term for a collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications. The challenges include capture, curation, storage,[3] search, sharing, transfer, analysis[4] and visualization." more http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data
GRIDS of 3D & 4D environment for the whole of history are being made in separate parts, but QA will merge them and cross-check for accuracy.
and more complex, moving grids of cities: and specific people:
Presently done by human labor, machine intelligence will take over design discovery, invention at blistering speed in the 2020's.
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