I think orally bioavailable beaty peptides are likely to benefit the entire organism. The beauty tripeptide GHK was discovered when a researcher used young lab mammal blood to restore much of the function of old liver tissue with new lab mammal blood. The tripeptide GHK was found to be the active chemical that restored liver function.
Another possibility is that I have read that carbohydrates cause high glycemic effects which cause heart disease partly as a result of harming the endothelial as well as epithilial linings of the circulatory system. Omitting glycemic response removes much heart disease risk. I think that the dermis active beauty peptides may have strong effects on the dermis like epithilial as well as endothelial tissues.
Here is a list of beauty peptides at ageless beauty http://www.ageless-b...al-peptide.html Some beauty peptides are actually just two amino acids long. Others are notably longer. The GHK peptide is active as a nonmetallic palmityl variety as well http://www.chemkind....almitoyl-ghk_1/
Oral Peptide availablity is a private sector technology. Oral Vasopressin as well as Oral insulin have been created. Thus from a 7 mer peptide to a huge peptide protein peptide drugs have been produced. That strongly suggests that the systemically beneficial beauty peptides are able to use the same technology to be Oral peptide drugs. http://www.biopharmi...e/detail/102281 One fairly simple approach is placing a polyethylene glycol side branch which optimizes the hydrophilic hydrophobic interactions of the peptide combined with enteric tabletting. Another combined approach from Unigene http://www.biopharmi...e/detail/102281 is described as
- This technology is applicable to a variety of peptides and small proteins, and it can achieve relative bioavailabilities ranging from 1 to 10%, depending on the size, charge, and structure of the peptide. No chemical modification or derivatization of the peptide is necessary to achieve peptide absorption. This is particularly advantageous when there is already an alternate approved formulation (for example, injectable or nasal) because the peptide in the oral formulation will not constitute an NCE. Also, all of the excipients used are generally regarded as safe or naturally occurring compounds.
Thus I urge researchers as well as methuselah mouse enthusiasts to create systemically beneficial peptides based around the beauty peptides. These may have the beneficial coeffect of making people lovlier as well.
Here is a list of beauty peptides directly from ageless beauty. I urge people to visit the site as it likely has updates. Although I feel a little brash just grabbing their list, perhaps it will bring some of the cosmeceutical companies to consider creating oral beauty pills which unadvertised or advertised also create greater longevity.
Acetyl Glutamyl Octapeptide-3
[2009 Update: Formerly Acetyl Glutamyl Heptapeptide-3]
Trade name: SNAP 8. According to Centerchem, the manufacturer, "SNAP-8 is an elongation of the famous hexapeptide Argireline. SNAP-8 reduces the depth of wrinkles on the face caused by the contraction of muscles of facial expression, especially in the forehead and around the eyes."
SNAP 8 is available in:
Peter Thomas Roth Unwrinkle; and
Peter Thomas Roth Unwrinkle Eye.
Note: Acetyl Glutamyl Heptapeptide-1 is the form used for SNAP-8 in solution form.
Acetyl Hexapeptide-8
Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 (former INCI nomenclature was Acetyl Hexapeptide-3), also known as Argireline - blocks transmission of nerve signals which cause facial muscles to contract. Although non-toxic, the effect is similar to that of Botox but less pronounced.
Argireline is available in:
DDF Wrinkle Relax; and
GreatSkin ATX Double Action Gel.
Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9
Trademarked as DERMICAN by Cognis.
Clinically shown to stimulate synthesis of proteoglycans (which decrease with age) beneath the epidermis to combat skin aging.
Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9 is found in Celazome No.45 Peptide Complex and Isomers Stem Genesis.
Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11
Trademarked as SYNiorage by Cognis.
Clinically shown to stimulate synthesis of proteoglycans (which decrease with age) in the epidermis to combat skin aging. In vivo testing showed an significant improvement in skin quality after eight weeks of use
Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11 is found in Euoko Y-42 Fractional Neck Lift Concentrate.
Dipeptide-2
Dipeptide-2 is used primarily in eye creams. It improves lymphatic circulation and helps the skin clear away toxins. It is especially effective for drainage of under-eye bags, spider veins and rosacea.
Products which contain Dipeptide-2 are:
Hylexin; and
Murad Resurgence Renewing Eye Cream.
Dipeptides - Other
Other Dipeptides are beginning to appear in skin anti-aging products, most notably in the Olay Pro-X line which contains both Dipeptide-4 (Eye Resoration Complex) and Dipeptide-7 (all Pro-X products).
Research is scant at this point, but the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (Volume 22, Issue 3) published a review which reported that "cosmetically interesting activities such as stimulation of collagen synthesis, chemotaxis, anti-stinging effects and others, can be observed and substantiated" for dipeptide sequences.
EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor)
Epidermal Growth Factor is a small polypeptide of 53 amino acids and is a cytokine or cell messenger protein that stimulates epithelial cell proliferation.
The discovery of EGF won Dr. Stanley Cohen a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1986.
It has many medical uses and more are being discovered almost daily. Taken internally, it is used to treat some devastating conditions of premature infants, as well as enlarged prostate in adult males.
In cream form it is helpful for wound and burn healing and has achieved amazing cures of severe ulcerating skin diseases such as life-threatening Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS).
There is no doubt that topical EGF stimulates new skin growth.
Products which contain EGF are:
ReVivé Moisturizing Renewal Cream; and
Mychelle Deep Repair Cream.
GHK-Cu Copper Peptide
GHK-Cu Copper (Tri)Peptide, a.k.a. Active Copper - used as a wound-healing agent since the 1970s. Its effect is to remodel the skin by clearing away damaged cells, rebuilding the skin's circulatory system, activating the skin's primary antioxidant protein and stimulating the production of new collagen.
As irregular skin normalizes, wrinkles decrease and skin tone is clarified.
GHK-Cu copper peptides are available in:
Neutrogena Visibly Firm Night Cream;
Osmotics Blue Copper 5; and
Two products from Neova, Neova Antioxidant Therapy Serum and Neova Therapy Creme De La Copper.
Heptapeptide-6
Heptapeptide-6 is a pro-sirtuin peptide which works topically by extending skin cells' life span. See also Palmitoyl-Tetrapeptide-10.
Heptapeptide-6 promotes the activity of the enzyme sirtuin. Sirtuins are believed to halt the normal cellular cycle that ends with old cells committing suicide. Instead sirtuins help rejuvenate aging cells by strengthening their DNA repair processes and stimulating production of protective antioxidants.
According to Wikipedia, "Sirtuins may be able to control age-related disorders in various organisms and in humans. These disorders include the aging process, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease."
In an article in the journal Nature, Harvard Medical School lead researcher Dr. David Sinclair reported, "It's looking like these sirtuins serve as guardians of the cell. These enzymes allow cells to survive damage and delay cell death."
"What we think is that if a cell is at a point of deciding whether to live or die, these sirtuins push toward the survival mode and let the cell try a little harder and longer to fix itself," said Sinclair.
Products that contain Heptapeptide-6 are:
Avon Anew Ultimate Age Repair Cream; and
Avon Anew Ultimate Age Repair Elixir.
Neuropeptide
Neuropeptide - a peptide which acts as a neuromodulator (nerve regulator), neurotransmitter (helps sends nerve signals), neurohormone (or hormone).
Neuropeptides are used in cosmeceuticals to relieve inflammation which causes the skin to break down with age.
The skin thickens, wrinkles decrease and facial contours are lifted and firmed.
They are available in Dr. Nicholas Perricone's:
Neuropeptide Facial Conformer;
Neuropeptide Eye Area Contour; and
Neuropeptide Facial Serum Prep.
Niacinamide
Niacinamide is the amide of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3 / niacin).
Niacinamide and some of its derivatives, such as Myristyl Nicotinate, benefit the skin in many ways.
Niacinamide is a cell-communicating ingredient that supports the skin's normal renovation process.
It increases the skin's level of ceramides and fatty acids to help the skin retain moisture - even better than occlusive and greasy petroleum jelly (Vaseline).
It has also been shown to promote exfoliation and improve skin texture, fine lines, wrinkles and hydration. Two studies have also indicated that Niacinamide inhibits the irregular production of melanin.
This cell communicating ingredient is available in:
Olay Pro-X products;
StriVectin-SD Intensive; and
Olay Definity.
Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-14
Also known as Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-6.
Stimulates skin repair along several pathways: collagen synthesis, fibroblast proliferation and inhibition of metalloproteinases (enzymes which break down collagen).
A twelve-week human test of 29 subjects demonstrated that Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-14 is equivalent to 0.05% tretinoin (Retin-A) in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles with none of the irritation and redness.
This peptide is available in Dr. Jeannette Graf, M.D. Ageless Beauty Treatment Creme/Gel Serum
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4
[2008 Update: PP-4 was originally named Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 and later renamed to reflect a correction in the data on its molecular structure.]
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, also known as Pal KTTKS, Matrixyl or Palmitoyl Oligopeptide-4 - stimulates production of normal collagen thereby thickening the skin and plumping wrinkles from within.
The collagen production is similar to that produced by the injected dermal fillers Radiesse, Sculptra and Artefill over time, but with no foreign matter remaining permanently in the skin.
These findings are supported by a U.S. Institute of Health-backed study as mentioned in the introduction above.
This peptide is available in:
Hylexin;
StriVectin-SD;
DDF Wrinkle Relax; and
GreatSkin Peptide Treatment Lotion.
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7
[2008 Update: The name Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 has been changed to Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 in the International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI) Directory.]
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, also known as Pal GQPR - controls the body's inflammatory response (as your own hormones did in younger days).
The effect is to reverse sagging of skin caused by out-of-control inflammation (glycation damage) thereby restoring skin elasticity and lifting facial contours.
It is available in:
Hylexin;
Skin Medica TNS Ceramide Treatment Cream; and
Peter Roth Antiaging Cellular Repair.
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-10
A pro-sirtuin peptide which works topically by extending skin cells' life span. See Heptapeptide-6 for further explanation.
Products that contain Tetrapeptide-10 are:
Avon Anew Ultimate Age Repair Cream and
Avon Anew Ultimate Age Repair Elixir.
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 (PTri-1) has the INCI name Pal GHK and Tradenames Trylagen and Aldenine. It has been validated with in vitro as well as in vivo studies using human subjects. The results are impressive. In vitro tests using reconstituted human skin, yielded increases in collagen I and collagen IV synthesis of 128 and 81% respectively after just 15 days. Collagen III (the most abundant type of collagen in young skin) tripled!
Tissue sectioning of the treated skin tissue examined under an electron microscope revealed that the collagen fibers were significantly more uniform and better organized, as they would be in young skin. This effect results in fuller more supple skin.
In addition, in vitro studies showed that PTri-1 even inhibits the body's anticollagenase activity. Anticollagenase enzymes are one of the factors that cause collagen degradation as we age. Anticollagenase MMP-2 and MMP-3 were inhibited 74 and 57% respectively.
In vivo, twice daily application of Trylagen by 20 female volunteers aged 35 to 55 for 30 days resulted in a 29% decrease in wrinkle depth as measured by 3D optical equipment.
It is available in:
Kinerase Core Collection Extreme Lift Eye;
Peter Thomas Roth Un-Wrinkle Neck; and
Osmotics Blue Copper 5 Firming Eye Cream.
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 (PTri-5, Tradename SYN-Coll, previously named Palmitoyl Tripeptide-3) is often referred to as synthetic collagen, because PTri-5 mimics the body's own mechanism to produce this youth-giving substance.
In vitro studies have shown PTri-5 to increase collagen synthesis by 119%. This makes it especially effective for parts of the face and body that have lost skin tissue, for example areas with stretch marks as well as areas with crepey skin such as often forms on the neck and upper arms. Its effect is to plump out the skin from within, similar to Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (PP-4).
It is available in
Peter Thomas Roth Mega Rich,
Peter Thomas Roth Mega Rich Intensive Anti-Aging Cellular Eye Creme and
Kinerase Pro+Therapy Ultra Rich Night Repair.
Syn-ake Tripeptide
According to the manufacturer, Pentapharm, Syn-ake is a synthetic tripeptide which mimics the action of a "neuromuscular blocking compound of the venom of the Temple Viper."
Pentapharm conducted a clinical trial with 45 subjects for 28 days with twice daily application. That's a small study, but enough for statistical significance. One-third of the subjects used Syn-ake, one-third Acetyl Hexapeptide-3 (Argireline) and one-third a placebo.
The results were measured using PRIMOS®, which is a technique of computerizing topographical maps of the skin so that the hills and valleys can be mathematically measured and compared.
Pentapharm presented its results using two measures: skin roughness and wrinkle depth. The first refers to the sum total of all wrinkle depths over a given area as a measure of skin smoothness. The second is a measure of individual wrinkle depths.
The average smoothing for each group of fifteen subjects was 21% for Syn-ake vs. 4% for Argireline. The average reduction in wrinkle depth was 20% for Syn-ake vs. 2% for Argireline.
Syn-ake is available in Peter Thomas Roth Un-Wrinkle.
Tetrapeptide-21 or 17
Tetrapeptide-21 is the active ingredient in Lipotec's Preventhelia as well as in Evonik's TEGO Pep 4-17.
Company brochures still refer to the compound as Tetrapeptide-21. However, the INCI name is given as Tetrapeptide-17 (and) Glycerin (and) Butylene Glycol (and) Water.
Tetrapeptide-21 is a cell communicating peptide that prevents damage caused by UV radiation. Moreover, it promotes DNA repair, to provide a complete protection system against intrinsic and extrinsic aging.
In vitro tests showed it to be almost twice as effective as Matrixyl at stimulating collagen production.
In vivo, Tetrapeptide-21 reduced wrinkle depth 7Xs better than Matrixyl.
It is available in
StriVectin-SD Intensive Concentrate for Stretch Marks & Wrinkles,
StriVectin-SD Eye Concentrate for Wrinkles ,
StriVectin-SD for Sensitive Skin, and
Algenist Regenerist Anti-Aging Moisturizer SPF20.
This article is for information only. It does not purport to offer medical advice.
Edited by treonsverdery, 09 April 2013 - 05:12 PM.
