183 replies to this topic

[Logic]

I NB the effects of Sildenafil + Leucine  and Icariin + Leucine on the synthesis of mitochondria here:
https://www.ergo-log...ed-leucine.html

[Fred_CALICO]

Je NB les effets du Sildénafil + Leucine et de l'Icariine + Leucine sur la synthèse des mitochondries ici :
https://www.ergo-log...ed-leucine.html

 

As icaarine is unavailable in France, I asked an AI for an alternative, and here's his reply (which seems relevant to me) :

 

# Flavonoids with Senolytic Potential: Comparative Structural Analysis with Icariine

 

Icariine is a bioactive flavonoid that has potential senolytic effects (the ability to selectively eliminate senescent cells). To identify other flavonoids that might share these properties, it's essential to examine the structural characteristics that could be responsible for this biological activity.

 

## Molecular Structure of Icariine and its Active Metabolite

 

Icariine is a glycosylated flavonoid mainly extracted from the Epimedium plant (Herba epimedii). Its structure has important features for its biological activity:

 

- A basic flavonoid skeleton

- Attached glycosides, notably a 7-O-glucoside and a 3-O-rhamnoside

- The ability to be metabolized into icaritin, its active metabolite

 

The enzymatic conversion process of icariine to icaritin involves the sequential hydrolysis of glycosides. The specific Epimedium glycosidase first hydrolyzes the 7-O-glucosides of icariine into icariside II, then hydrolyzes the 3-O-rhamnoside to form icaritin. This metabolic transformation appears to be crucial for certain biological activities of icariine.

 

## Flavonoids with Similar Structures and Senolytic Potential

 

### 1. Quercetin and its Derivatives

 

Quercetin has a basic structure similar to icariine with hydroxyl groups at comparable positions. It presents:

- Strong antioxidant activity

- A flavonol skeleton with a 2,3-double bond in conjugation with a 4-keto group in the C ring

- Hydroxyl groups on the B ring that significantly contribute to its biological properties

 

### 2. Kaempferol and its Derivatives

 

Kaempferol is structurally close to quercetin but with one less hydroxyl group on the B ring:

- Its antioxidant capacity is significant although slightly lower than quercetin

- 4'-O-methyl-8-isopentylkaempferol has demonstrated effects on estrogen biosynthesis, suggesting biological activity similar to certain effects of icariine

 

### 3. Myricetin

 

Myricetin is distinguished by:

- The presence of three hydroxyl groups on the B ring

- A 2,3-double bond conjugated with a 4-keto group on the C ring

- Powerful antioxidant properties and high free radical scavenging capacity, which could contribute to senolytic effects

 

### 4. Morin

 

Morin, an isomer of quercetin, presents:

- A different arrangement of hydroxyl groups

- Significant antioxidant activity

- An inhibition capacity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of 55.7%, suggesting potentially important biological properties

 

## Relationship Between Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

 

The structure-activity relationship analysis of flavonoids reveals several determining elements for their biological activity:

 

1. **Presence of hydroxyl groups**: The number and position of hydroxyl groups on the A, B, and C rings significantly influence the antioxidant and biological activity

 

2. **2,3-double bond and 4-keto group**: This configuration in the C ring contributes to radical stabilization and antioxidant activity

 

3. **Glycosylation and deglycosylation**: The presence of glycosides affects bioavailability and biological activity, as observed in the conversion of icariine to icaritin

 

4. **Methylation**: Methoxylated flavonoids often present increased liposolubility and antimicrobial activities, which can influence their bioavailability and action in tissues

 

## Conclusion

 

Based on the comparative structural analysis, several flavonoids could present senolytic properties similar to icariine. Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and morin are particularly promising candidates due to their structural similarities with icariine and their documented antioxidant properties.

 

Metabolic conversion by deglycosylation, as observed in the transformation of icariine to icaritin, could be an important mechanism for the biological activation of these compounds. This analysis suggests that flavonoids possessing an appropriate combination of hydroxyl groups, a 2,3-double bond conjugated with a 4-keto group, and the ability to be metabolized into aglycone derivatives could present senolytic properties similar to icariine.

 

Additional targeted studies would be necessary to confirm these hypotheses and precisely evaluate the senolytic potential of these flavonoids compared to icariine.

[maxwatt]

I think dihydro-myricetin should also be a candidate, based on the usage of the the herbs it is found in, in traditional chinese medicine, and its structural affinity ti the below mentioned substances.

 

 

As icaarine is unavailable in France, I asked an AI for an alternative, and here's his reply (which seems relevant to me) :

 

# Flavonoids with Senolytic Potential: Comparative Structural Analysis with Icariine

 

Icariine is a bioactive flavonoid that has potential senolytic effects (the ability to selectively eliminate senescent cells). To identify other flavonoids that might share these properties, it's essential to examine the structural characteristics that could be responsible for this biological activity.

 

## Molecular Structure of Icariine and its Active Metabolite

 

Icariine is a glycosylated flavonoid mainly extracted from the Epimedium plant (Herba epimedii). Its structure has important features for its biological activity:

 

- A basic flavonoid skeleton

- Attached glycosides, notably a 7-O-glucoside and a 3-O-rhamnoside

- The ability to be metabolized into icaritin, its active metabolite

 

The enzymatic conversion process of icariine to icaritin involves the sequential hydrolysis of glycosides. The specific Epimedium glycosidase first hydrolyzes the 7-O-glucosides of icariine into icariside II, then hydrolyzes the 3-O-rhamnoside to form icaritin. This metabolic transformation appears to be crucial for certain biological activities of icariine.

 

## Flavonoids with Similar Structures and Senolytic Potential

 

### 1. Quercetin and its Derivatives

 

Quercetin has a basic structure similar to icariine with hydroxyl groups at comparable positions. It presents:

- Strong antioxidant activity

- A flavonol skeleton with a 2,3-double bond in conjugation with a 4-keto group in the C ring

- Hydroxyl groups on the B ring that significantly contribute to its biological properties

 

### 2. Kaempferol and its Derivatives

 

Kaempferol is structurally close to quercetin but with one less hydroxyl group on the B ring:

- Its antioxidant capacity is significant although slightly lower than quercetin

- 4'-O-methyl-8-isopentylkaempferol has demonstrated effects on estrogen biosynthesis, suggesting biological activity similar to certain effects of icariine

 

### 3. Myricetin

 

Myricetin is distinguished by:

- The presence of three hydroxyl groups on the B ring

- A 2,3-double bond conjugated with a 4-keto group on the C ring

- Powerful antioxidant properties and high free radical scavenging capacity, which could contribute to senolytic effects

 

### 4. Morin

 

Morin, an isomer of quercetin, presents:

- A different arrangement of hydroxyl groups

- Significant antioxidant activity

- An inhibition capacity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of 55.7%, suggesting potentially important biological properties

 

## Relationship Between Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

 

The structure-activity relationship analysis of flavonoids reveals several determining elements for their biological activity:

 

1. **Presence of hydroxyl groups**: The number and position of hydroxyl groups on the A, B, and C rings significantly influence the antioxidant and biological activity

 

2. **2,3-double bond and 4-keto group**: This configuration in the C ring contributes to radical stabilization and antioxidant activity

 

3. **Glycosylation and deglycosylation**: The presence of glycosides affects bioavailability and biological activity, as observed in the conversion of icariine to icaritin

 

4. **Methylation**: Methoxylated flavonoids often present increased liposolubility and antimicrobial activities, which can influence their bioavailability and action in tissues

 

## Conclusion

 

Based on the comparative structural analysis, several flavonoids could present senolytic properties similar to icariine. Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and morin are particularly promising candidates due to their structural similarities with icariine and their documented antioxidant properties.

 

Metabolic conversion by deglycosylation, as observed in the transformation of icariine to icaritin, could be an important mechanism for the biological activation of these compounds. This analysis suggests that flavonoids possessing an appropriate combination of hydroxyl groups, a 2,3-double bond conjugated with a 4-keto group, and the ability to be metabolized into aglycone derivatives could present senolytic properties similar to icariine.

 

Additional targeted studies would be necessary to confirm these hypotheses and precisely evaluate the senolytic potential of these flavonoids compared to icariine.

 

 

[Fred_CALICO]

Thank you for your reply.
I have black elderberry in my garden. The berries contain dihydromyricetin.
I will study its intoduction in the pharmacopoeia I am currently compiling.

https://www.wikiphyt...iki/Sureau_noir