Hi Turnbuckle, Thanks for all the interesting work you have been doing with the C60. What do you think the stabilization//solublization mechanism is for C60 in caprylic acid triglyceride? As I recall, the general theory is that unsaturation in the olive oil lipids reacts with double bonds in the C60 framework. Caprylic acid triglyceride is fully saturated so this would not be possible. It would be great to know what concentration you achieve in this liquid vehicle.
C60 probably does react with unsaturated components of olive oil, and some have hypothesized that this reaction is good and even necessary, but it remains no more than a hypothesis. Baati et al were not the first to find that C60 increased the lifespan of rodents. Two related US patents issued some years ago claimed a 20% increase in mice longevity for "malonic acid/acetic acid C60 tri-adducts of buckminsterfullerene." At that time people didn't know they could dissolve C60 in a food oil and they were looking for ways of increasing its solubility in water. According to this patent--
Buckminsterfullerene, C60, is a carbon sphere with 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons, soluble in aromatic solvents but not in water... [and C60 with] ... malonic acid/acetic acid tri-adducts display additional desirable qualities including increased water solubility...A number of water-soluble C60 derivatives (superoxide dismutase-mimetics) retain the antioxidant properties of their parent fullerene molecule, allowing its free radical scavenging abilities to be exploited in biological systems and thereby act as agents which reduce cell damage and death.
Certainly you can make a stable solution of naked C60 in toluene and other industrial solvents, but that's not going to confer life extension as such solvents are toxic.
This patent suggests that adducts aren't necessary, but their life extension was only a fraction of what was found by the Baati group with C60 in olive oil. So where did the rest come from?
There are several possibilities. For instance, after the first week Baati dosed it once every two weeks and not every day. Also, and perhaps more importantly, olive oil already has a reputation for conferring long life. The oldest woman in the world until a few years ago claimed that she had a glass of olive oil every day. And most don't realize that the olive oil control showed as much life extension as C60 did in the patent above. Olive oil contains polyphenols, at least one of which is one of the most powerful natural antioxidants known. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a powerful antioxidant found in olive oil and is known to increase chronological lifespan--
In summary, our results show HT, a major polyphenol in olive oil, extends CLS [chronological lifespan] in fibroblasts by enhancing MnSOD activity thereby suppressing an age-associated accumulation of mitochondrial ROS. The antioxidant properties of HT could be due to its catechol–semiquinone–quinone redox cycling properties leading to a prooxidant environment, which then activates the cellular antioxidant defense system (Fig. 7). These results are also of significance in vivo in understanding the molecular and cellular biology of quiescence. Adult stem cells, progenitor cells of the bone marrow, and cells in the liver and intestines are a few examples of cellular quiescence in vivo. The extended CLS and ability to remain in quiescence may be responsible for their longevity. It would be of interest to know if CLS is present in stem cells and whether antioxidants extend CLS thereby facilitating cell and tissue renewal. Finally, the quiescent cell culture system used in our study can be adapted to investigate the cellular and molecular biology of CLS, which is distinct from the “mitotic counting” and “telomere attrition” pathways of replicative senescence.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....les/PMC3260369/
So it's my hypothesis (slightly shifted from the OP) that the combination of dissolved C60 plus one or more polyphenols in the oil act synergistically to enhance longevity. And if you could find a stable, nonreactive oil to dissolve C60 along with HT, you could improve on the Baati mix in several important ways. For instance, you could eliminate the variability inherent in olive oil, eliminate the uncontrolled reactivity of the oil, and supply a mix with more polyphenols than exist naturally.
As for your question about caprylic acid triglyceride, the solubility appears to be less than .6 mg/ml C60--less than that of olive oil where it reacts, but not greatly less.
Huckfinn: As to your question about color, see this post.
Edited by Turnbuckle, 05 July 2016 - 11:03 AM.