I feel like the descriptions in somatic experiencing therapy are some of the most useful for trauma. Here is a paste from facebook that someone wrote that I am borrowing. I read the book myself too, but this writing is not mine:
Been reading Peter Levine's 'Waking the tiger' and i've been writing down some paragraphs from the book that resonate with me especially just as a breakdown if I ever want to go back and reread them without reading the whole book again. I thought I would share this info with you guys especially those who haven't read it and were interested. Hope that's ok. See below (everything in Peter's words of course)
- When our nervous system prepares us to meet danger, the shift into highly energised states. If we can discharge this energy while actively and effectively defending against threat (or shortly after the threatening event) the nervous system will move back toward a normal level of functioning.
- If the threat has not been dealt with successfully, energy stays in our bodies. We have now created a self- perpetuating dilemma. On a physiological level, our bodies and minds work in tandem as one integrated system. We know that we are in danger when we perceive an external threat and our nervous system becomes highly aroused.
- The nervous system alone is incapable of discharging energy. This creates a self- perpetuating cycle of activation that will overload the system if it continues indefinitely.
- The nervous system compensates for being in a state of self-perpetuating arousal by setting off a chain of adaptions that eventually bind and organize the energy into symptoms. These adaptations function as a safety valve to the nervous system.
- The symptoms of trauma can be stable (ever present) unstable (will come and go) or they can hide for decades. Generally, these symptoms do not occur individually but in constellations. These syndromes often grow increasingly complex over time, becoming less and less connected with the original trauma experience. While certain symptoms can suggest a particular type of trauma, no symptom is exclusively indicative of the trauma that caused it. People will manifest traumatic symptoms differently, depending on the nature and severity of the trauma, the situation in which it occurred, and the personal and developmental resources available to the individual at the time of the experience.
- Trauma sufferers often find ourselves on a treadmill over which we have no control. We may be driven to avoid situations that evoke both authentic excitement and relaxation, because either could disrupt the equilibrium that our symptoms need to maintain their stability.
- There is a way to take back the control of our bodies that is lost when traumatic aftereffects become chronic. It is possible to deliberately stimulate the nervous system into becoming aroused and then to gently discharge the arousal. Remember, hyper arousal and its allied mechanisms are a direct result of the energy involuntarily mobilized by the nervous system specifically in response to threat.
- Few symptoms provide more insight into a traumatic experience than hypervigilance. Hypervigilance is a direct and immediate manifestation of hyper arousal, which is the initial response to threat. Its effect on the orienting response is particularly debilitating, setting the traumatized individual up for an ongoing experience of fear, paralysis and victimization.
- Hypervigilance occurs when the hyper arousal that accompanies the initial response to danger activates an amplified, compulsive version of the orienting response. This distorted orienting response is so compelling that the individual feels utterly driven to identify the source of the threat even though it is a response to internal arousal rather than anything sensed in the external environment.
- Hypervigilance becomes one of the ways we manage the excess energy resulting from an unsuccessful defense against an original threat. We use hypervigilance to channel some fo that energy into the muscles of the head, neck, eyes in an obsessive search for danger. When combined with the internal arousal that is still present, our rational brains can become irrational. They begin to search for an identify external sources of danger. In the hyper vigilant state, all change (including changes in our own internal states) is perceived as a threat.
- As the freezing response gradually becomes more and more entrenched, the tendency for hyper vigilance and defense grows stronger. Hyper vigilant people are keyed to a state of intense alertness at the times and may actually develop a slightly furtive or fearful, open eyes appearance due to this constant watchfulness. There is a growing tendency to see danger where there is none, and a diminished capacity to experience curiosity, pleasure, and the joy of life. All this occurs because at the core of our beings we simply do not feel safe.
- We search compulsively for the threat that can’t be found, even when a real threat stands before us. The nervous system can become so activated that it cannot readily tune down. As a result, behavioural and physiological rhythms, (eg sleep) may be disturbed. We will be unable to unwind or relax, even in those moments when we feel safe enough to do so.
- Chronic helplessness occurs as the freezing, orienting and defending responses become so fixated and weakened that they move primarily along predetermined and dysfunctional pathways. Chronic helplessness joins hypervigilance and the inability to learn new behaviours as yet another common feature of the traumatized person’s reality.
- All trauma sufferers experience the phenomenon of chronic helplessness to some extent. As a result, we have difficulty participating fully, especially in new situations. For those of us who experience and identify with helplessness, any escape or forward movement is virtually impossible. We become victims of our own thoughts and self-images.
- When our physiology responds to an event or stimuli with arousal, we do not move into an orienting and defending response like a healthy human. Instead we move directly from the arousal into immobility and helplessness, bypassing our other emotions as well as the normal sequence of responses. We become victims, waiting to be victimized again and again.
- The aroused state that will not go away, the ongoing sense of danger, the ceaseless search for that danger, the inability to find it, dissociation, a feeling of helplessness- together these elements form traumatic anxiety. When we fail to move through the immobility response, the resulting biological message is ‘Your life is hanging in the balance’. This sense of impending death is intensified by the feelings of rage, terror, panic and helplessness. All of these factors combine to produce a phenomenon known as traumatic anxiety.
- Traumatic anxiety displays itself as nervousness, fretting and worrying, and in appearing to be high strung. The sufferer frequently experiences panic, dread, and highly over-dramatized reactions to trivial events. These maladies are not permanent fixtures of the personality, but are indicative of a nervous system temporarily, though perpetually, overwhelmed.